Download or read book Body Composition and Cognitive Function in Older Adults written by Talia Loren Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study assessed the association between body mass and executive function and how it is influenced by an indicator of muscle integrity in a sample of community dwelling older adults. Research on the relationship between physical integrity and cognitive function in late life suggests physical frailty and sarcopenia are predictors of cognitive decline. While frailty is typically regarded as a state of wasting and shrinking, there have been criticisms of anthropometric measures of physical health for lack of specificity, and conflicting literature on the effect of BMI on cognition. These factors may represent limitations for the use of BMI in predicting cognitive and functional outcomes. The current study evaluated the extent a specific measure of muscle mass independently predicted executive function, and if it moderates the relationship between BMI and executive performance. Results revealed that in this sample neither BMI nor regional muscle mass index were related to cognitive performance. This result is consistent with some literature suggesting BMI is not a robust predictor of cognitive outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed modest relationships between visual working memory and body composition measures. Results may imply weaker associations between certain physical health measures and cognitive performance in high-functioning samples. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Download or read book BODY MASS INDEX BODY COMPOSITION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ADULTS 60 YEARS AND OLDER written by Amy Ruthenberg and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive function (EF) is essential for older adults to maintain independence and high quality of life (Lezak, Howieson, & Loring, 2004). Normal cognitive aging is accompanied by decrements in EF (Haug & Eggers, 1991; Raz et al., 1997; Salat et al., 2005). Body fat is thought to mediate this relationship, potentially through the activity of hormones or inflammation. However, the extent of the relationship is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether percentage body fat (PBF) would yield a stronger relationship to EF in older adults than would body mass index (BMI). Participants were adults 60 years and older with no history of mental illness and who were not currently taking medications that could influence the central nervous system. Individuals were screened for mild cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Participants completed the d2 test and modified flanker task to assess EF. In addition, the participants’ body composition was estimated through the use of air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Bivariate correlations between PBF and EF test scores, as well as BMI and EF test scores were examined. Multiple and linear regression analyses were calculated to predict the amount of variance in cognitive tests scores as a result of the dependent variables. PBF, using two different methods, and BMI were not significantly correlated to EF. Further research is necessary to clarify the nature of the relationships among body fat, BMI, and cognitive function.
Download or read book Body Composition and Aging written by C. V. Mobbs and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased adiposity and decreased muscle mass contribute substantially to age-dependent disease and disability. In particular age-related increase in adiposity is quickly becoming a major threat to public health throughout the world. Although the hypothesis that age-related changes in body composition are due to lifestyle choices alone is well accepted, it is a vast oversimplification. This volume reflects the current knowledge in this rapidly developing field of research. The first part of the book discusses the extent to which increased adiposity contributes to age-related diseases and longevity. The 'obesity paradox', describing the protective role of overweight in decreasing mortality while increasing pathology, is covered in depth. Further chapters address specific aspects of the regulation of energy balance during aging, including the effects of changes in food intake. Finally the causes and consequences of loss of muscle mass and age-related osteoporosis are examined. A valuable help for physicians treating elderly patients, this book will also be of great interest to researchers studying energy balance, muscle physiology, bone disease, and other aspects of aging.
Download or read book Association Between Physical and Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly written by Caterina Rosano and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Nutritional Management and Care for Older Adults written by Ólöf G. Geirsdóttir and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Nutritional Care in Geriatrics -- 1: Overview of Nutrition Care in Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics -- 1.1 Defining Malnutrition -- 1.2 Nutrition Care in Older Adults: A Complex and Necessary Challenge -- 1.3 Malnutrition: A Truly Wicked Problem -- 1.4 Building the Rationale for Integrated Nutrition Care -- 1.5 Managing the Wicked Nutrition Problems with a SIMPLE Approach (or Other Tailored Models) -- 1.5.1 Keep It SIMPLE When Appropriate -- 1.5.2 A SIMPLE Case Example -- 1.5.2.1 S-Screen for Malnutrition -- 1.5.2.2 I-Interdisciplinary Assessment -- 1.5.2.3 M-Make the Diagnosis (es) -- 1.5.2.4 P-Plan with the Older Adult -- 1.5.2.5 L-Implement Interventions -- 1.5.2.6 E-Evaluate Ongoing Care Requirements -- 1.6 Bringing It All Together: Integrated Nutrition Care Across the Four Pillars of (Ortho) Geriatric Care -- 1.7 Summary: Finishing Off with a List of New Questions -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 2: Nutritional Requirements in Geriatrics -- 2.1 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.2 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults -- 2.2.1 Energy Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.2 Protein Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.3 Micronutrients and Dietary Fibers -- 2.3 Nutritional Risk Factors in Older Adults -- 2.4 Estimating Intake in Older Adults -- 2.5 Nutritional Status of Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 3: Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics -- 3.1 The Nutrition Care Process -- 3.2 Nutritional Screening/Risk Detection -- 3.3 Nutritional Assessment and Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Nutrition Impact Symptoms -- 3.3.2 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.3.3 Etiologic Criteria.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Download or read book Structural and Cognitive Correlates of Body Mass Index in Healthy Older Adults written by Jacob D. Bolzenius and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity, commonly measured with body mass index (BMI), is associated with numerous deleterious health conditions and may be a modifier of age-related alterations in brain integrity. Research suggests that white matter integrity observed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is altered with high BMI, but the integrity of specific tracts remains poorly understood. Additionally, no studies have examined fractional anisotropy (FA) of tract integrity in conjunction with neuropsychological evaluation with elevated BMI among older adults. It was hypothesized that elevated BMI would be independently associated with lower white matter integrity and cognitive performance. It was also hypothesized that age and BMI would interact in relation to measures of white matter integrity and cognitive performance. Sixty two healthy older adults aged 51 to 81 were evaluated using DTI and neuropsychological evaluation. Associations were examined between BMI, FA in tracts connecting frontal and temporal lobes, and cognitive ability in domains of executive function, processing speed, and memory. Hierarchical linear regressions were utilized to determine the impact of BMI on FA and cognitive function after accounting for demographics, followed by a test for a BMI by age interaction on FA and cognitive indices. Secondary analyses assessed the sensitivity of DTI diffusivity metrics to elevated BMI, and related tract FA to cognitive performance. After controlling for initial demographic relationships, elevated BMI was associated with lower FA in the uncinate fasciculus, though there was no evidence of an age by BMI interaction relating to FA in this tract. No relationships between BMI and cognition were observed. Secondary analyses did not suggest that DTI diffusivity metrics provide unique information about tract integrity related to high BMI. Overall, results suggest elevated BMI is associated with altered integrity of the uncinate fasciculus. This white matter tract connects frontal and temporal lobes and is involved in memory function. There was no evidence of an age by BMI interaction on FA of the uncinate fasciculus, and BMI did not relate to cognitive performance. Future studies should examine measures of cardiovascular health and systemic inflammation to identify factors influencing relationships between BMI and white matter integrity.
Download or read book Sarcopenia and frailty The role of physical activity for better aging written by Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-25 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Women s Health and Aging Study written by Jack M. Guralnik and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996-07 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to help in the understanding of the causes & course of disability in older women. Offers an excellent overview of diseases & disability & their impact on older women. Covers: adaptation to disability, physical performance measures, the daily lives of disabled older women, utilization of health services, mental health & general well-being, pulmonary diseases & conditions, musculoskeletal disease, neurological conditions, vision & hearing, medication use, instrumental & emotional support, adaptation to disability, & much more.
Download or read book Future Directions for the Demography of Aging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.
Download or read book Preventing Alzheimer s Disease written by National Institutes National Institutes oF Health and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet summarizes what scientists have learned so far and where research is headed. There is no definitive evidence yet about what can prevent Alzheimer's or age-related cognitive decline. What we do know is that a healthy lifestyle-one that includes a healthy diet, physical activity, appropriate weight, and no smoking-can maintain and improve overall health and well-being. Making healthy choices can also lower the risk of certain chronic diseases, like heart disease and diabetes, and scientists are very interested in the possibility that a healthy lifestyle might have a beneficial effect on Alzheimer's as well. In the meantime, as research continues to pinpoint what works to prevent Alzheimer's, people of all ages can benefit from taking positive steps to get and stay healthy.
Download or read book Diet and Cognitive Decline written by Francesco Panza and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progressive ageing of the general population and the consequent increase of the number of old people has made the typical medical problems of aged people more frequently observed, and particularly the problems related to the ageing brain. This new book is an updated overview of relevant aspects of cognitive decline associated with ageing. Within the wide landscape of brain ageing the authors reconsider the role of the main predisposing factors and risk factors on the development of various form of mental decline, from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. The strength of this book is the large, updated overview of the most recent data of scientific literature regarding the role of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors on the predisposition and onset of cognitive decline. Particular attention is paid to the dietary micro- and macronutrients and to their possible role in the pathogenesis of the various form of dementigen disorders.
Download or read book Cells and Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can social science, and demography in particular, reasonably expect to learn from biological information? There is increasing pressure for multipurpose household surveys to collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewer-respondent information. Given that recent technical developments have made it more feasible to collect biological information in non-clinical settings, those who fund, design, and analyze survey data need to think through the rationale and potential consequences. This is a concern that transcends national boundaries. Cells and Surveys addresses issues such as which biologic/genetic data should be collected in order to be most useful to a range of social scientists and whether amassing biological data has unintended side effects. The book also takes a look at the various ethical and legal concerns that such data collection entails.
Download or read book Enhancement of Brain Functions Prompted by Physical Activity Vol 2 written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhancement of Brain Functions Prompted by Physical Activity, Volume Two, Volume 286 in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances, with this updated volume presenting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Predicting sports performance of elite female soccer players through smart wearable measurement platform, Physical activity and verbal memory performance: mediating effects of resting-state brain activity, Associations between physical activity, body composition, and cognitive performance among female office workers, Grip strength, working memory, and emotion perception in middle aged males, Association of aerobic fitness and grip strength with cognitive and academic performance in Arab children, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research series Updated release includes the latest information on Enhancement of Brain Functions Prompted by Physical Activity
Download or read book Clinical Topics in Old Age Psychiatry written by Julian C. Hughes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of important current subjects in old age psychiatry, demonstrating the depth and breadth of the speciality.
Download or read book The Influence of Body Composition and Physical Activity on Inflamm aging Fatigue and Function in Older Adults written by Rudy J. Valentine and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent feelings of fatigue are a widespread complaint reported by older adults, and are associated with detriments in health and quality of life. Aging is also accompanied by gains in adiposity, reductions in physical activity, and loss of lean mass and physical function. This study assessed the influences of body composition [adiposity (%Fat) and mineral-free lean mass (MFLM)] and physical activity (total and moderate-to-vigorous; MVPA) on fatigue and function in older adults. Furthermore, we sought to determine the mediating role of systemic inflammation on these health outcomes. One-hundred eighty-two community-dwelling older adults were recruited to participate in this study (age = 69.2±6.7 years, 98 men, 84 women) Body composition [adiposity (%Fat) and relative muscle mass (Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI); appendicular MFLM/ht2] was quantified via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity (PA) was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and accelerometers were worn to determine total and MVPA. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and WBC count. Fatigue was assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), to determine levels of general, physical and mental fatigue as well as reduced activity and motivation. Lower-extremity physical function (LEPF) was evaluated by 7-m walk tests, a Timed Up and Go (Up & Go), a 30-second chair stand test (30-Chair), a 6-min walk, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Star-Excursion Balance Test (STAR). It was hypothesized that 1) women would report higher levels of fatigue and have poorer performance of physical function than men, 2) adiposity would be an independent predictor of fatigue and LEPF, 3) PA would be inversely related to fatigue and positively with LEPF, and 4) inflammation would be positively associated with fatigue. Understanding the biological and behavioral influences on fatigue and function is imperative for combating health detriments in older adults. Men and women reported similar levels of fatigue in all dimensions (p> 0.05) with the exception of women reporting higher levels of mental fatigue than men (p = 0.05). Adiposity was positively correlated with several measures of fatigue (r range = 0.20 to 0.42), whereas PA was inversely associated with the same measures of fatigue (r range = 0.18 to 0.37), both of which were not related to mental fatigue. CRP, IL-6 and WBC were also related to several dimensions of fatigue (r range = 0.15 to 0.26). Compared across PA-adiposity groups, in the absence of an interaction, there was a main effect of PA and adiposity on general and physical fatigue (p
Download or read book Advances in Geriatrics and Gerontology written by Sara Palermo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-05-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the cutting edge of geriatrics and gerontology research in Advances in Geriatrics and Gerontology - Challenges of the New Millennium. As the world’s population ages at an unprecedented rate, understanding the complexities of aging is of paramount importance. This volume provides a comprehensive exploration of the diverse landscape of aging, addressing key topics such as neuropsychology, comprehensive geriatric assessment, and the impact of physical activity on cognitive function in older people. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based insights, this book offers valuable perspectives for addressing the challenges facing older adults in the 21st century. From deciphering the pathways of aging to optimizing quality of life, each chapter offers innovative approaches to improving the well-being of older people. With contributions from distinguished researchers and clinicians, Advances in Geriatrics and Gerontology - Challenges of the New Millennium is an indispensable resource for anyone involved in geriatric care and research. Whether you work in health care, policy, or research, this book offers invaluable insights into promoting healthy aging and improving the lives of older people worldwide. Join us on a journey through the latest advances in geriatrics and gerontology and discover how interdisciplinary collaboration is shaping the future of ageing research and care.
