Download or read book Blacks in the United States Armed Forces Segregation under siege written by Morris J. MacGregor and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Segregation Under Siege written by Morris J. MacGregor and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desegregation of the U S Armed Forces written by Richard M. Dalfiume and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "During the years between 1939 and 1953 the United States armed forces moved from a policy of restricting and segregating the Negro soldier, based largely on racial stereotypes that emerged from World War I, to a policy of equal opportunity and integration. Most writers point to 1954 or later as the origin of the Negro Revolution; however, this history of what was in the past an important issue for black Americans sheds light on the 'forgotten years' of the Negro Revolution, particularly World War II. The war's democratic rhetoric had a great impact on the nation's largest minority, a fact overlooked by most scholars. The hypocritical position of the United States - fighting with a racially segregated armed forces to uphold the four freedoms and to defeat an enemy preaching a master race ideology - provided Negro Americans with a clear illustration of the difference between the American creed and practice, and a powerful argument in their struggle for equality. The postwar era made it impossible for the Federal Government and the American people to ignore the race issue any longer. The Truman Administrations' legislative proposals and actions in the field of Negro rights set the pattern for a continuing federal improvement. No longer was it the Federal Government's policy to condone or extend segregation. Of the Truman Administrations' precedent-breaking actions in this area, desegregation of the armed forces was among the first. The President, as Commander-in-chief, could move in this area without legislation from a reluctant Congress. Truman's Executive Order 9981 of July, 1948, which established the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, was one of the first federal actions against the separate-but-equal doctrine, coming six years before the 1954 school desegregation decision of the Supreme Court. A reluctant Army was finally convinced of the wisdom of desegregation when the new policy proved a success in the Korean War, a success that provided a powerful argument for those who sought an end to segregation in the United States. This was truly a social revolution, and the result is indicated by the fact that to this day the armed forces remain the most integrated institution in American society"--Jacket.
Download or read book Let Us Fight as Free Men written by Christine Knauer and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the military is one the most racially diverse institutions in the United States. But for many decades African American soldiers battled racial discrimination and segregation within its ranks. In the years after World War II, the integration of the armed forces was a touchstone in the homefront struggle for equality—though its importance is often overlooked in contemporary histories of the civil rights movement. Drawing on a wide array of sources, from press reports and newspapers to organizational and presidential archives, historian Christine Knauer recounts the conflicts surrounding black military service and the fight for integration. Let Us Fight as Free Men shows that, even after their service to the nation in World War II, it took the persistent efforts of black soldiers, as well as civilian activists and government policy changes, to integrate the military. In response to unjust treatment during and immediately after the war, African Americans pushed for integration on the strength of their service despite the oppressive limitations they faced on the front and at home. Pressured by civil rights activists such as A. Philip Randolph, President Harry S. Truman passed an executive order that called for equal treatment in the military. Even so, integration took place haltingly and was realized only after the political and strategic realities of the Korean War forced the Army to allow black soldiers to fight alongside their white comrades. While the war pushed the civil rights struggle beyond national boundaries, it also revealed the persistence of racial discrimination and exposed the limits of interracial solidarity. Let Us Fight as Free Men reveals the heated debates about the meaning of military service, manhood, and civil rights strategies within the African American community and the United States as a whole.
Download or read book African Americans in the United States Army in World War II written by Bryan D. Booker and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political, economic and social landscapes of the United States in the early 1940s were split by one overriding factor--race. This volume explores the ways in which this separation extended to the military forces and the impact which that segregation had on World War II.
Download or read book The Double V written by Rawn James, Jr. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The century-long struggle to achieve equality for America's black soldiers and sailors, in a stirring narrative history by the author of Root and Branch
Download or read book Blacks in the United States Armed Forces written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integration of the Armed Forces 1940 1965 written by Morris J. MacGregor and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1981 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMH Pub 50-1-1. Defense Studies Series. Discusses the evolution of the services' racial policies and practices between World War II and 1965 during the period when black servicemen and women were integrated into the Nation's military units.
Download or read book From Segregation to Desegregation written by Raymond B. Ansel and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the paper is to 1) present a brief historical overview of the use of Blacks in the U.S. Army between the period 1703 to 1948, and 2) to discuss desegregation of the U.S. Army, 1948 through 1954. Throughout our nation's history, Blacks have participated in every American war with patriotism, courage, and honor. White Americans were initially ambivalent about Blacks participating in military organizations and in most instances allowed Blacks to fight only when forced by circumstances to do so. The first part of this paper highlights the use of Black soldiers in the Army between the period 1703 to 1948, and the attitudes of White Americans towards them. On July 26, 1948, President Harry S Truman signed Executive order 9981 which abolished racial segregation in the armed services. This historic document established a policy that guaranteed equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. The Korean War, in 1950, provided the circumstances that accelerated integration in the U.S. Army. Integration proceeded rapidly: first at training bases in the United States; then in combat units in Korea; and finally at U.S. military installations around the world. Racial integration in the Army was accomplished with surprising speed and thoroughness. The process took only five years. The second part of this paper examines the measures taken to promote or inhibit desegregation of the United States Army between 1948-1954. The armed forces led the American nation to the realization that in fact 'all men are created equal' and skin color has no bearing on individual capability.
Download or read book Segregated Soldiers written by Marcus S. Cox and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities, and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University -- one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post--World War II era -- as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.
Download or read book The Right to Fight written by Gerald Astor and published by Presidio Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First time in paperback: An all-encompassing chronicle of African Americans' in the armed forces of the United States
Download or read book The U S Military and Civil Rights Since World War II written by Heather Stur and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through examinations of U.S. military racial and gender integration efforts and its handling of sexuality, this book argues that the need for personnel filling the ranks has forced the armed services to be pragmatically progressive since World War II. The integration of African Americans and women into the United States Armed Forces after World War II coincided with major social movements in which marginalized civilians demanded equal citizenship rights. As this book explores, due to personnel needs, the military was a leading institution in its opening of positions to women and African Americans and its offering of educational and economic opportunities that in many cases were not available to them in the civilian world. By opening positions to African Americans and women and remaking its "where boys become men" image, the military was an institutional leader on the issue of social equality in the second half of the 20th century. The pushback against gay men and women wishing to serve openly in the forces, however, revealed the limits of the military's pragmatic progressivism. This text investigates how policymakers have defined who belongs in the military and counts as a soldier, and examines how the need to attract new recruits led to the opening of the forces to marginalized groups and the rebranding of the services.
Download or read book The Afro American and the Second World War written by Neil A. Wynn and published by Holmes & Meier Publishers. This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The definitive account of black Americans in World War II and its aftermath, The Afro-American and the Second World War has been expanded to include the wartime experience of black women, how demographic change reshaped the South, and other issues." "In addition to providing a close look at the African American experience in the armed forces, the author discusses the widespread wartime discrimination at glaring odds with American claims to social equality and democracy; the resulting "war on two fronts" in which black newspapers, literature, and songs reiterated the demand for equal citizenship rights; the psychological impact of the war; and the protest campaigns launched by blacks during these years."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book Taps for a Jim Crow Army written by Phillip McGuire and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WORLD WAR, 1939-1945--PARTICIPATION, AFRICAN AMERICAN--SOURCES, RACISM--US--HISTORY--20TH CENTURY--SOURCES.
Download or read book African Americans in the Spanish Civil War written by Danny Duncan Collum and published by Macmillan Reference USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Blacks and the Military in American History written by Jack D. Foner and published by New York : Praeger. This book was released on 1974 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strength for the Fight written by Bernard C. Nalty and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nalty tells of the heroic deeds and humiliating obstacles confronting black fighting forces and shows how black protest, civil unrest, military manpower needs, war, and peace have interacted over 200 years to create an integrated, yet racially troubled, American military establishment. 25 black-and-white photos.
