Download or read book Birth Settings in America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The delivery of high quality and equitable care for both mothers and newborns is complex and requires efforts across many sectors. The United States spends more on childbirth than any other country in the world, yet outcomes are worse than other high-resource countries, and even worse for Black and Native American women. There are a variety of factors that influence childbirth, including social determinants such as income, educational levels, access to care, financing, transportation, structural racism and geographic variability in birth settings. It is important to reevaluate the United States' approach to maternal and newborn care through the lens of these factors across multiple disciplines. Birth Settings in America: Outcomes, Quality, Access, and Choice reviews and evaluates maternal and newborn care in the United States, the epidemiology of social and clinical risks in pregnancy and childbirth, birth settings research, and access to and choice of birth settings.
Download or read book By Birth or Consent written by Holly Brewer and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mid-sixteenth-century England, people were born into authority and responsibility based on their social status. Thus elite children could designate property or serve in Parliament, while children of the poorer sort might be forced to sign labor contracts or be hanged for arson or picking pockets. By the late eighteenth century, however, English and American law began to emphasize contractual relations based on informed consent rather than on birth status. In By Birth or Consent, Holly Brewer explores how the changing legal status of children illuminates the struggle over consent and status in England and America. As it emerged through religious, political, and legal debates, the concept of meaningful consent challenged the older order of birthright and became central to the development of democratic political theory. The struggle over meaningful consent had tremendous political and social consequences, affecting the whole order of society. It granted new powers to fathers and guardians at the same time that it challenged those of masters and kings. Brewer's analysis reshapes the debate about the origins of modern political ideology and makes connections between Reformation religious debates, Enlightenment philosophy, and democratic political theory.
Download or read book The Birth of American Law written by John D. Bessler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Birth of American Law: An Italian Philosopher and the American Revolution tells the forgotten, untold story of the origins of U.S. law. Before the Revolutionary War, a 26-year-old Italian thinker, Cesare Beccaria, published On Crimes and Punishments, a runaway bestseller that shaped the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and early American laws. America's Founding Fathers, including early U.S. Presidents, avidly read Beccaria's book--a product of the Italian Enlightenment that argued against tyranny and the death penalty. Beccaria's book shaped American views on everything from free speech to republicanism, to "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness," to gun ownership and the founders' understanding of "cruel and unusual punishments," the famous phrase in the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment. In opposing torture and infamy, Beccaria inspired America's founders to jettison England's Bloody Code, heavily reliant on executions and corporal punishments, and to adopt the penitentiary system. The cast of characters in The Birth of American Law includes the usual suspects--George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and James Madison. But it also includes the now little-remembered Count Luigi Castiglioni, a botanist from Milan who--decades before Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America--toured all thirteen original American states before the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Also figuring in this dramatic story of the American Revolution: Madison's Princeton classmate William Bradford, an early U.S. Attorney General and Beccaria devotee; John Dickinson, the "Penman of the Revolution" who wrote of Beccaria's "genius" and "masterly hand"; James Wilson and Dr. Benjamin Rush, signers of the Declaration of Independence and fellow Beccaria admirers; and Philip Mazzei, Jefferson's Italian-American neighbor at Monticello and yet another Beccaria enthusiast. In documenting Beccaria's game-changing influence, The Birth of American Law sheds important new light on the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the creation of American law. This book is part of the Legal History Series, edited by H. Jefferson Powell, Duke University School of Law. The Birth of American Law was awarded the 2015 Scribes Book Award and the First Prize in the 2015 AAIS Book Award competition (in the 18th/19th century category). It was also named INDIEFAB's 2014 Gold Winner for History!
Download or read book Life Before Birth The Moral and Legal Status of Embryos and Fetuses written by Albany Bonnie Steinbock Associate Professor of Philosophy & Public Policy State University of New York and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992-07-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly a day passes without newspaper coverage of some new development regarding prenatal life. The abortion debate continues to rage, but other examples abound: forced Caesareans; prosecutions of women for drug use during pregnancy; fetal protection policies; the use of fetal tissue for transplantation; embryo research; and the disposition of frozen embryos. All of these issues raise the question of the moral status of the unborn: are embryos and fetuses part of the pregnant woman or are they persons? Are they sources of tissue, research tools, or are they pre-born children? Different conceptions of the unborn prevail in different contexts, giving rise to the charge of inconsistency. For example, women have been criminally charged with abusing their fetuses by using drugs during pregnancy, even though abortion--which pro-lifers call the ultimate child abuse--is legal. The legalization of abortion itself was based in part on the unborn's never having been recognized in law as a full legal person. Yet fetuses have been considered as persons for the purposes of insurance coverage, wrongful death suits, and vehicular homicide. This book provides a framework for thinking clearly and coherently about the unborn. The first chapter elaborates the book's basic idea, that all and only beings who have interests have moral standing, and only beings who possess conscious awareness have interests. This thesis, which is called "the interest view," raises issues of considerable philosophical complexity, but is presented in language non-philosophers will be able to understand. Subsequent chapters apply the interest view, and explore the moral and legal aspects of a wide range of issues, including abortion, the legal status of the fetus outside abortion, maternal-fetal conflict, fetal research, and the use and disposition of extracorporeal embryos resulting from the new reproductive technologies. The philosophical discussion is enlivened by examples and actual cases which immediately catch, and sustain, the reader's interest. Written in a lively style, Life Before Birth: The Moral and Legal Status of Embryos and Fetuses is a timely and important work that enables us to resolve contradictions in our current thinking about the unborn, and to approach new issues in a clear and rational manner.
Download or read book Birth Rights and Wrongs written by Dov Fox and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Basic civil rights -- Missing protections -- Litigation's limits -- Elusive injuries -- Courthouse claims -- Damage awards -- Procreation deprived -- Procreation imposed -- Procreation confounded -- Fraught remedies -- Conclusion.
Download or read book Birth to Buyout written by Coco Soodek and published by Profit and Laws Press. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LIKE CARRYING AROUND YOUR OWN BUSINESS LAWYER, BUT WITHOUT ALL THE TALKING AND BILLS. Birth to Buyout gives you a straightforward, easy-to-grasp understanding of the business law questions and answers you need to run your business and prosper. Packed with refreshingly candid information, Birth to Buyout tackles business law topics in terms you can understand. Organized to guide you through all stages of your business - from Birth to Buyout - you learn: SET UP A COMPANY * The difference between Corporations, S-Corporations and Limited Liability Companies * How to pick the right entity for you * Where you should set up your company * How to pick a company name * What to take to the bank when you set up your company bank account * What to put in your business plan YOU AND YOUR PARTNERS * The big conversation you and your partners need to have at the beginning of your venture * Picking officers, officer titles and salaries * How to make sure you can get out when you want * How to kick out another owner * Setting up your Board of Directors * Dangers of serving on the Board * How to be a great Board member GETTING FUNDED * The difference between debt and equity * What investors expect from you * The parts of an investment deal * How to divide control between founders and investors * Securities laws * Sources of debt financing * Parts of a loan * Building business credit INTERNET CONTRACTS * What you need to put in your website privacy policy and Terms of Use * Avoiding liability from user generated content * Kids information under COPPA OFFICE LEASE * Negotiating the rent * Difference among net leases, double net and triple net leases EMPLOYEES & INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS * What goes in an employment contract * Noncompetes * Union contracts and collective bargaining * Nondiscrimination laws * Screening candidates, including immigration forms * How to follow rules about minimum wage and overtime and payroll INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY * Trademark * Copyright * Patent * How to get the rights through licensing or buying the IP MANUFACTURING * How to plan your whole manufacturing and fulfillment process * How to get a prototype made * How to discover the regulations you have to know about and follow * How to hire a manufacturer SALES AND MARKETING * How to get your product sold * Distribution channel options * Advertising and promotions * How to comply with advertising laws * What goes into your contract with distributors or sales agents * CanSpam and telemarketing rules GETTING PROTECTION AGAINST LIABILITY * Contracts * Insurance and Bonds * Vigilant Due Diligence GETTING RICH * Valuing a business * Valuing stock * Process of selling your company * Term Sheets * Representations and Warranties * Closing * Post closing * Tips to make for a peaceful sale AND, THERE'S A STORY - MEET HAP, HAZARD AND A LAWYER NAMED GRAVITY. Birth to Buyout is not just a business law almanac. Birth to Buyout spins forward on the story of two cubicle workers who make a run for entrepreneurship just as big corporate culture is closing in, all with the help of their corporate lawyer (if you just want the law, you can skip the story pages). Birth to Buyout was written to be an easy-to-follow guide to business law. That's why: * All explanations are in plain English * Charts and diagrams are used to make the law clear * The book celebrates American entrepreneurship and how it can truly set you free
Download or read book Birth Law written by Anne Hellum and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Birth law is an important field within women's law. Presenting the first comprehensive survey in English of Scandinavian birth law, this book provides a theoretical introduction to the discipline as well as a detailed discussion of legal aspects of fertility, pregnancy, birth and care. Interdisciplinary approaches are applied to legal, medical and ethical problems. The authors pay particular attention to women's experiences. From the perspective of fertile, pregnant, and birthgiving women, self determination in terms of information, participation and legal safeguards is focused upon.
Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
Download or read book Life Before Birth written by Bonnie Steinbock and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-11 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life Before Birth provides a coherent framework for addressing bioethical issues in which the moral status of embryos and fetuses is relevant. It is based on the "interest view" which ascribes moral standing to beings with interests, and connects the possession of interests with the capacity for conscious awareness or sentience. The theoretical framework is applied to ethical and legal topics, including abortion, prenatal torts, wrongful life, the crime of feticide, substance abuse by pregnant women, compulsory cesareans, assisted reproduction, and stem cell research. Along the way, difficult philosophical problems, such as identity and the non-identity problem are thoroughly explored. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers, but also physicians, lawyers, policy makers, and anyone perplexed by the many difficulties surrounding the unborn. "Bonnie Steinbock's excellent book is . . . consistent, thoroughgoing, and intelligible." --Nature "Steinbock's book is valuable for all interested in the ethical/legal issues surrounding abortion, prenatal injury and liability, maternal-fetal conflict, and fetal/embryo research. The author provides an excellent historical overview of these issues, but she also addresses the issues from the stance of a particular theory of moral status, namely, interest theory. This gives coherence to her discussion as well as allowing testing of the viability of interest theory." --Choice "A focused, lucid, analytically fine-grained discussion of a wide variety of problems. . . extremely useful as a survey of the current state of the debate." --Religious Studies Review "Merits serious consideration by physicians. Steinbock's interests-based approach treats all questions as open -- another and most welcome breath of fresh air." -New England Journal of Medicine "An extremely valuable contribution to the literature. The author carefully identifies the many bioethical issues to which the status of embryos and fetuses is relevant....She thoroughly reviews the extensive medical, bioethical, and legal literature on all of these issues, offering well-developed critiques of many standard positions. She articulates and thoughtfully defends interesting positions on all of theses topics. Anyone with an interest in these issues will learn a great deal from her knowledgeable and judicious treatment of them." -- The Journal of Clinical Ethics
Download or read book Regulating Birth written by Raymond G. De Vries and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Birth Control Laws Shall We Keep Them Change Them Or Abolish Them written by Mary Ware Dennett and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Birth Control in Jewish Law written by David Michael Feldman and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Business of Birth written by Louise Marie Roth and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the fear of malpractice affects mothers and reproductive choices Giving birth is a monumental event, not only in the personal life of the woman giving birth, but as a medical process and procedure. In The Business of Birth, Louise Marie Roth explores the process of giving birth, and the ways in which medicine and law interact to shape maternity care. Focusing on the United States, Roth explores how the law creates an environment where medical providers, malpractice attorneys, and others limit women’s rights and choices during birth. She shows how a fear of liability risk often drives the decision-making process of medical providers, who prioritize hospital efficiency over patient safety, to the detriment of mothers themselves. Ultimately, Roth advocates for an approach that protects the reproductive rights of mothers. A comprehensive overview, The Business of Birth provides valuable insight into the impact of the law on mothers, medical providers, maternity care practices, and others in the United States.
Download or read book The Troubled Pregnancy written by J. K. Mason and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mason looks at the legal response to those aspects of the troubled pregnancy which require or involve medico-legal intervention. The unwanted pregnancy is considered particularly in the light of the Abortion Act 1967, s.1(1)(d) and the related action for so-called wrongful birth due to faulty ante-natal care. The unexpected or uncovenanted birth of a healthy child resulting from failed sterilisation is approached through an analysis of the seminal case of McFarlane and associated cases involving disability in either the neonate or the mother. The disabled neonate's right to sue for its diminished life is discussed and the legal approach to the management of severe congenital disease is analysed - thus following Baroness Hale in believing that care of the newborn is an integral part of pregnancy. Aspects are considered from historical and comparative perspectives, including coverage of experience in the USA, the Commonwealth and Europe.
Download or read book Birth Rites and Rights written by Fatemeh Ebtehaj and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-disciplinary collection of essays from the Cambridge Socio-Legal Group is concerned with the varying circumstances, manner, timing and experiences of birth. It contains essays from a wide range of disciplines including law, medicine, anthropology, history and sociology, examining birth from the perspectives of mother, doctor, midwife and father. Questions considered in the book include: who has power during the birthing process? How has the experience of birth changed over time? Should birth mark a significant change in the legal status of the foetus? What is the proper role of birth registration? What role, if any, do fathers have in the birthing process? What legal rights should the woman have to refuse treatment during the birthing process? What is the significance of changes of the age at which women give birth? This stimulating collection of papers provides new insights into one of life's most momentous moments.
Download or read book The Business of Birth written by Louise Marie Roth and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the fear of malpractice affects mothers and reproductive choices Giving birth is a monumental event, not only in the personal life of the woman giving birth, but as a medical process and procedure. In The Business of Birth, Louise Marie Roth explores the process of giving birth, and the ways in which medicine and law interact to shape maternity care. Focusing on the United States, Roth explores how the law creates an environment where medical providers, malpractice attorneys, and others limit women’s rights and choices during birth. She shows how a fear of liability risk often drives the decision-making process of medical providers, who prioritize hospital efficiency over patient safety, to the detriment of mothers themselves. Ultimately, Roth advocates for an approach that protects the reproductive rights of mothers. A comprehensive overview, The Business of Birth provides valuable insight into the impact of the law on mothers, medical providers, maternity care practices, and others in the United States.
Download or read book The Legislative History and Intent of the Sealed Birth Record Law in New York written by Christopher Philippo and published by . This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Session laws, Governor's Bill Jackets, Veto Jacket, reports, etc. concerning the legislative history and intent behind adoptees' sealed birth records in New York. Expect updates to be made throughout March 2018.
