Download or read book Biomass Sugars for Non Fuel Applications written by Dmitry Murzin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an overview of sugar-based technologies, this book is a valuable resource for chemists working to develop greener synthetic routes to chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Download or read book Biomass Sugars for Non Fuel Applications written by Dana Kralisch and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an overview of sugar-based technologies, this book is a valuable resource for chemists working to develop greener synthetic routes to chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Download or read book Biomass Sugars for Non Fuel Applications written by Dmitry Murzin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass-derived sugars provide a rich, renewable feedstock for a diverse range of chemicals, making them a promising and feasible source for the sustainable manufacture of a variety of valuable products. Exploring green sugar-based technologies beyond their applications in fuels, this book provides an overview of sugar-based technologies, describing their challenges and opportunities. It covers transformations of sugars into green chemicals in pharmaceuticals, biodegradable polymers and surfactants. A special chapter is dedicated to the conversion of biomass into sugars, which is a crucial step in the sustainable utilization of sugars. The book is a valuable resource for chemists and chemical engineers working to develop greener synthetic routes to chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Download or read book Biomass as a Sustainable Energy Source for the Future written by Wiebren de Jong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the conversion of biomass into gas or liquid fuels the book covers physical pre-treatment technologies, thermal, chemical and biochemical conversion technologies • Details the latest biomass characterization techniques • Explains the biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes • Discusses the development of integrated biorefineries, which are similar to petroleum refineries in concept, covering such topics as reactor configurations and downstream processing • Describes how to mitigate the environmental risks when using biomass as fuel • Includes many problems, small projects, sample calculations and industrial application examples

Download or read book Innovative Methods for Improving Biomass Sugars Utilization written by Bin Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The (bio)conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel (such as ethanol and furans) requires both hexose and pentose sugars released to be fully utilized to make this process cost-effective. However, the efficient xylose utilization through either fermentation or chemical conversion is the cost-limiting step. First, the major challenge for using xylose for ethanol production is that naturally occurring S. cerevisiae are unable to convert xylose, the most abundant pentose sugar in biomass hydrolysate, to ethanol. As an alternative to using genetically modified microorganisms, xylose can be exogenously isomerized to xylulose, a keto-isomer of xylose, which can be fermented by yeast. A second example is for xylose conversion to furfural. Furfural can be used as a feedstock to make gasoline, diesel or jet fuel. The chemical conversion mechanism is based on xylose dehydration. However, both the conversion of xylose and yield of furfural are currently low. Similar low conversion and yield are observed with glucose during its dehydration to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, when glucose is first isomerized to fructose, HMF yield is much improved. Thus, isomerizing xylose to xylulose may result in similar improvements to furfural yield. For both of these examples, the key for the cost-effective conversion biomass to biofuel is efficient conversion of xylose to xylulose for its more favorable downstream utilization. However, the isomerization equilibrium of xylose to xylulose using the enzyme xylose isomerase (XI) or other catalytic means predominantly favors xylose. In this dissertation, three different methods were tested to more efficiently convert xylose to xylulose; all three methods employ a sugar complexing agent (CA) to aid in shifting the xylose/xylulose equilibrium toward increased xylulose. In the first method, urease and XI were co-immobilized on a solid support to produce a high pH microenvironment within a low pH bulk fermentation media to implement simultaneous isomerization and fermentation (SIF) of ethanol by native yeast. Several water-soluble complexing agents were tested for their ability to shift the isomerization equilibrium and as well as for their impact on yeast viability and fermentation yields. In the second method, a phenylboronic acid-derivative was immobilized on a solid support to accomplish sugar complexation while immobilized XI was used for isomerization. In this system, the costs associated with the CA can be reduced due to the ease of recovery and reuse of the immobilized boronic acid. In the third method, a novel simultaneous isomerization and reactive extraction (SIRE) technique was developed to improve the isomerization of xylose to xylulose by using a two-phase system. In SIRE, the isomerization occurs in the aqueous phase and the sugar complexation occurs with a lipophilic boronic acid (CA) confined to the organic phase. This approach enables reuse of the immobilized XI and the complexing agent/organic phase, and concentration of the sugars as they are extracted and stripped from the organic phase.

Download or read book Biomass for Energy Environment Agriculture and Industry written by P. Chartier and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use of biomass for non-food applications has grown strongly in recent years, mainly as a consequence of its potential as a prime renewable energy resource. Renewable energies rank highly among the options that will contribute to the prevention of climate change and to security of energy supply in the future. Furthermore, exploiting biomass is very attractive as a way of dealing with two sensitive issues facing the majority of westernEuropean countries today; the extent of unemployment and the setting aside of farm lands to limit excess agricultural production. The 8th European Conference for Energy, Environment, Agriculture and Industry, held in Vienna, October 1994 was larger that any of its predecessors, with over 300 refereed contributions from 20 countries worldwide and over 520 participants. It was arguably the most significant event to date in this field, providing the opportunity for an international exchange of information on the recent progress in developing and implementing renewable biomass based non-food technologies. Published in 3 volumes, the proceedings of this conference therefore contain the most complete overview of the present state-of-the-art. Subjects covered include: biomass resource base, electricity and heat generation, transportation fuels, chemicals from biomass, products from bio- and thermochemical conversion technologies, economics, environmental aspects and opportunities for implementation worldwide, in particular in developing countries. Apart from the numerous contributions on the most recent results in research, development and implementation, the publication also contains authoritative reviews on most of the above-mentioned areas from leading experts in each field. In addition to this, it contains a list of key issues for developing a successful strategy leading to a rapid implementation in Europe and abroad.As a result it is indispensable for anyone working in this area, whether in research, demonstration or in policy development.

Download or read book Bioconversion of Heterogeneous Lignocellulosic Biomass for Sugar Production written by Rodrigo Morales Vera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to accomplish large scale utilization of lignocellulosic feedstocks to produce fuels and chemicals, a consistent, inexpensive and stable supply of biomass from a variety of sources will be required. These biomass will be heterogeneous and will change as a function of time and price, and will most likely be available to the biorefinery in a mixed input stream with diverse physico chemical properties. Consequently a potential biomass processing facility must be able to convert these diverse feedstock without significantly altering the overall performance, sugar yields and fuel production. Currently, most bioconversion research has been carried out with high quality raw material such as clean wood chips and agricultural residues and little attention has been paid to the efficiency of converting diverse feedstocks into fermentable sugars and fuels. Since particle size reduction is expensive and energy intensive but a critical operation for preparing the biomass for pretreatment, initial particle size heterogeneity was studied during the bioconversion of hybrid poplar. Different particles sizes, ranging from 0.2x0.2 cm to 2.0x1.5 cm, plus an equal mixture of all the particles, were used to determine the influence of initial particle size heterogeneity during sugar production of hybrid poplar (HP) via bioconversion. It was found that there is essentially no effect of particle size heterogeneity on saccharification after steam pretreatment. The overall sugar recovery from all the samples ranged from 87-90% and 61-64% for glucose and xylose respectively and was not influenced by particle size. Alongside showing that bioconversion of HP managed different particles size, and considering the availability of wheat straw (WS) as potential feedstock for a biorefinery. The influence of mixing these two feedstock during the bioconversion for sugar production were investigated. Despite that raw HP and WS have different physico-chemical properties, mixing both types of biomass positively affects the bioconversion process. In fact, mixed biomass exhibited on average 20% more sugar production than either single biomass. Since it was showed that is technically feasible the utilization of different combinations HP and WS as a feedstock for sugar production, a techno-economics analysis was performed to determine and compare the economic feasibility of processing simultaneously mixed biomass (HP and WS) vs. using single HP and WS in a campaign processing plan for ethanol production. The ethanol yields from process simulations estimated that mixed biomass yield 10 more gallons of ethanol per ton of biomass than using single HP and WS in a campaign system. Mixed biomass generate almost twice as much income per year than using single biomass in campaign plan processing, which is equivalent to extra 13.5 million per year. Techno-economic analysis indicated that production of ethanol using mixed biomass is more competitive vs. using single HP and WS in campaign design processing to ethanol production.

Download or read book Fuel Production from Non Food Biomass written by Barnabas Gikonyo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.The practice of converting corn to ethanol is controversial, with debates currently being raged in both public policy and science. While biofuels from corn have important implications in alleviating some of the global energy crisis, critics argue that it takes away from vital agricultural pr

Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties, and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.​

Download or read book The Biomass Assessment Handbook written by Frank Rosillo-Calle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing importance of biomass as a renewable energy source has lead to an acute need for reliable and detailed information on its assessment, consumption and supply. Responding to this need, and overcoming the lack of standardized measurement and accounting procedures, this handbook provides the reader with the skills to understand the biomass resource base, the tools to assess the resource, and explores the pros and cons of exploitation. Topics covered include assessment methods for woody and herbaceous biomass, biomass supply and consumption, remote sensing techniques as well as vital policy issues. International case studies, ranging from techniques for measuring tree volume to transporting biomass, help to illustrate step-by-step methods and are based on field work experience. Technical appendices offer a glossary of terms, energy units and other valuable resource data.

Download or read book Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex

Download or read book Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Shurong Wang and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of societies fossil energy is no longer the only energy resource, and increasing attention had been paid to alternative energy. Biomass is considered to be one of the alternatives due to efficiency and low cost. This book presents biomass pyrolysis behavior for three main components: Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, and discusses the influence of mineral salts , zeolite catalysts and metal oxide on their pyrolysis.

Download or read book Green Gasoline written by Mohammad Aslam and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-10-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation currently takes up around a third of overall energy usage, of which the majority is petroleum-based gasoline. Petroleum is both a finite resource and a big contributor to the carbon emissions that are causing climate change. To continue to benefit from transportation whilst mitigating climate change it is essential to find alternatives to petroleum-based gasoline. Although a lot of recent developments have focused on electrifying transport the infrastructure for large scale uptake of electric vehicles is still lacking and it may be less practical in some parts of the world than others. Biofuels, therefore, still have a role to play in improving the sustainability of our transportation systems. The term green gasoline refers to biofuels intended to be direct drop-in replacements for petroleum-based gasoline. Such products allow vehicles to run on biofuel without any engine modifications and, being made from biomass, they are both renewable and have a better carbon emission profile than petroleum-based gasoline. Green Gasoline covers a range of new technologies being used to produce these biofuels and compares them to petroleum-based fuels in terms of sustainability. It will be an interesting read for those working in fuel chemistry as well as green chemists and anyone with an interest in transport sustainability.

Download or read book Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass written by Robert C Brown and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.

Download or read book High Pressure Technologies in Biomass Conversion written by Rafał M. Łukasik and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing researchers and industrialists up to date with the latest advances in green high-pressure technologies.

Download or read book Biomass Biofuels Biochemicals written by Le Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Fermentation of Biowastes summarizes new advances in the development of various strategies for enhanced microbial fermentation for organic waste conversion to bioenergy/biochemicals, and for biodegradation of plastic waste. Sections cover principles of additive strategies, multi-stage bioreactors, microbial bioaugmentation strategies, genetically engineered microorganisms, co-digestion strategies, feedstock pre-treatment strategies, enzyme technologies, and hybrid technologies methods. In addition, the book reviews progress in the conversion of common wastes to bioenergy and biochemicals via enhanced anaerobic digestion, also summarizing the significant progress achieved on enhancing anaerobic digestion via additive strategy, multi-stage bioreactor strategy, microbial bioaugmentation strategy, genetic engineering approach, and much more. Includes enhancing strategies for microbial fermentation technologies for biowastes conversion to bioenergy and biochemicals Provides progress on bioenergy/resource recovery from common biowastes, including food waste, agricultural waste, manure, wastewater and algal residues Includes microbial biodegradation of plastic waste

Download or read book Green Sample Preparation Techniques Concepts Novel Materials and Solvents and Applications written by Javier Hernandez-Borges and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a general reference to the different green sample preparation approaches that have been developed in the trend towards eco-friendly methods.