Download or read book Biomass Conversion Strategies and the Renewable Production of Hydrogen Using Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass is a renewable carbon source that can be processed into fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery. However, there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome for biomass utilization to be viable. The work presented herein aims to address two existing challenges in biomass processing schemes, namely the efficient utilization of all fractions of lignocellulosic biomass and the renewable production of the hydrogen necessary to reduce the oxygen functionalities native in biomass. First, lignin was depolymerized to produce a renewable phenolic solvent mixture. Biphasic reactions with this solvent and aqueous solution of glucose or xylose produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural, respectively, at high yields. HMF and furfuryl alcohol could also be upgraded into levulinic acid at high yields. The yields are due to the capacity of the solvent to partition these molecules and prevent their degradation. Second, propyl guaiacol, a component of the phenolic solvent, was used for biphasic reactions where ball milled biomass substrates were used. These substrates are converted to furfural and HMF at high yields due to the partition of these molecules into the solvent and the on-demand production of glucose and xylose from the substrate, minimizing the formation of humins. A study of the water-gas shift reaction over Pt-based catalysts was conducted. Alloying Pt with Re was found to increase the catalytic activity and microkinetic modeling revealed Pt is a good representation of the active site and Re acts as a promoter slightly destabilizing CO binding. A study on formic acid decomposition over Au catalysts was performed. Experiments, density functional theory and microkinetic modeling results indicate the reaction proceeds completely on highly undercoordinated Au atoms with any high coordination atom being largely inert. Motivated by the results on Au catalysts, the metal-support interaction was investigated for the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Using a combination of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy and reaction kinetics measurements it was found that the deposition of an organometallic molybdenum compound occurs at the undercoordinated Au sites to produce interfacial sites that are an order of magnitude more active than Au sites and activate water.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Volume 1 written by Putla Sudarsanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential companion for catalysis researchers and professionals studying economically viable and eco-friendly catalytic strategies for energy conversion In the two-volume Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive discussion of fundamental concepts in, and practical applications of, heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. The volumes cover the design and catalytic performance of various nanocatalysts, including nanosized metals and metal oxides, supported metal nanoparticles, inverse oxide-metal nanocatalysts, core-shell nanocatalysts, nanoporous zeolites, nanocarbon composites, and metal oxides in confined spaces. Each chapter contains a critical discussion of the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of nanosized catalysts for practical applications. Volume 1 – Energy Applications focuses on the conversion of renewable energy (biomass/solar) into green fuels and chemicals, ammonia synthesis, clean hydrogen production, and electrochemical energy conversion processes using a variety of nanosized catalysts. It also offers: A thorough introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, as well as a discussion of catalytic active sites at nano-scale range Comprehensive explorations of the methods for control and activation of nanosized catalysts Practical discussions of C3N4-based nanohybrid catalysts for solar hydrogen production via water splitting Nanosized catalysts in visible light photocatalysis for sustainable organic synthesis Applications of MXenes in electrocatalysis Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, chemists, and engineers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Volume 2 written by Putla Sudarsanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential companion for catalysis researchers and professionals studying economically viable and eco-friendly catalytic strategies for energy conversion In the two-volume Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive discussion of fundamental concepts in, and practical applications of, heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. The volumes cover the design and catalytic performance of various nanocatalysts, including nanosized metals and metal oxides, supported metal nanoparticles, inverse oxide-metal nanocatalysts, core-shell nanocatalysts, nanoporous zeolites, nanocarbon composites, and metal oxides in confined spaces. Each chapter contains a critical discussion of the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of nanosized catalysts for practical applications. Volume 1 – Energy Applications focuses on the conversion of renewable energy (biomass/solar) into green fuels and chemicals, ammonia synthesis, clean hydrogen production, and electrochemical energy conversion processes using a variety of nanosized catalysts. It also offers: A thorough introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, as well as a discussion of catalytic active sites at nano-scale range Comprehensive explorations of the methods for control and activation of nanosized catalysts Practical discussions of C3N4-based nanohybrid catalysts for solar hydrogen production via water splitting Nanosized catalysts in visible light photocatalysis for sustainable organic synthesis Applications of MXenes in electrocatalysis Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, chemists, and engineers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. Explore the environmental applications of heterogeneous nanocatalysis in the field of alternative energy production In Volume 2: Environmental Applications of Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, a team of distinguished researchers discusses the foundational concepts and practical applications of heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production. Volume 2 focuses on the purification of auto exhaust pollutants and volatile organic compounds, as well as CO2 conversion and wastewater treatment over a range of nano-sized catalysts.

Download or read book Advanced Functional Solid Catalysts for Biomass Valorization written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-14 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Functional Solid Catalysts for Biomass Valorization presents the basic concepts in catalysis (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic) and the properties of various kinds of heterogeneous solid catalysts, including their structure, porosity, particle size, BET surface area, acid-base, and redox properties. Useful information about biorefineries, types of biomass feedstocks, their structures and properties as well as about several potential catalytic routes for biomass upgrading to useful fuels and chemicals is provided in this book. Importantly, this book covers the most recent developments toward functionalization of various solid catalysts, optimization of catalysts' properties, developing cascade catalytic strategies, exploring reaction kinetics/mechanisms, and evaluating catalysts' stability/reusability during biomass upgrading. Current challenges and opportunities for the future biorefineries as well as for the design of advanced functional solid catalysts are critically discussed. Describes catalysis as a promising technology for the development of eco-friendly and economically viable strategies for several important energy and environmental applications. Covers heterogeneous solid catalysts because of their versatile benefits in terms of catalysts' synthesis, production cost, stability, and reusability as compared to homogeneous liquid catalysts. Provides promising strategies for the design of new catalytic materials, such as carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, zeolites, and mesoporous silicas. Describes functional solid catalysts for developing one-pot cascade processes for efficient biomass valorization and other vital chemical transformations.

Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II presents the latest advances in catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and other transformations of some cellulosic platform chemicals to high value-added products. It presents the theoretical evaluation of the energetics and catalytic species involved in potential pathways of catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, pathways leading to the formation of humin-based by-products, and thermal pathways in deriving chemicals from lignin pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation. Catalytic gasification of biomass under extreme thermal conditions as an extension of pyrolysis is also discussed. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I mainly focuses on the current understanding of the reaction pathways and mechanisms involved in several important catalytic conversions of cellulose and carbohydrates. It starts with nanoscale illustrations of biomass structures and describes various reactions including cellulose depolymerization to sugars, catalytic aldose-ketose isomerization and dehydration, selective oxidation, hydrogenolysis of cellulose and sugars, and the conversion of short carbohydrates. The specificity and function of different catalysts and reaction media in relation to the catalytic performances for these reactions are discussed with significant mechanistic details. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenation for Biomass Valorization written by Roberto Rinaldi and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the biorefinery industry expands to meet the latest discoveries in biomass conversion, this book provides a thorough grounding in the subject.

Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalysis at Nanoscale for Energy Applications written by Franklin Tao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both the fundamentals concepts and latest achievements of a field that is growing in importance since it represents a possible solution for global energy problems. It focuses on an atomic-level understanding of heterogeneous catalysis involved in important energy conversion processes. It presents a concise picture for the entire area of heterogeneous catalysis with vision at the atomic- and nano- scales, from synthesis, ex-situ and in-situ characterization, catalytic activity and selectivity, to mechanistic understanding based on experimental exploration and theoretical simulation. The book: Addresses heterogeneous catalysis, one of the crucial technologies employed within the chemical and energy industries Presents the recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts as well as a mechanistic understanding of catalysis at atomic level for important processes of energy conversion Provides a foundation for the potential design of revolutionarily new technical catalysts and thus the further development of efficient technologies for the global energy economy Includes both theoretical studies and experimental exploration Is useful as both a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students and a reference book for scientists and engineers in chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering

Download or read book The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio fuels and Bio chemicals written by Kostas Triantafyllidis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature

Download or read book Sustainable Catalytic Conversion of Biomass for the Production of Biofuels and Bioproducts written by Gabriel Morales and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass is widely considered as a potential alternative to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. There is a large variety of biomass sources (oleaginous, lignocellulosic, algae, etc.), with many possible conversion routes and products. Currently, biomass is not just viewed as a source of biofuels, but also as an interesting feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals that could largely replace petrochemicals. In this context, the search for new sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil sources is gaining increasing relevance within the chemical industry. There, the role of catalysis is often critical for the development of clean and sustainable processes, aiming to produce commodity chemicals or liquid fuels with a high efficiency and atom economy. This book gathers works at the cutting edge of investigation in the application of catalysis, for the sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.

Download or read book Aqueous phase Catalytic Conversions of Renewable Feedstocks for Sustainable Biorefineries written by Georgios Papadogianakis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, there is growing interest in aqueous-phase catalytic conversions for the valorization of renewable biomass-based feedstocks for biorefineries to produce, in a sustainable way, biofuels, chemicals, power, energy, materials, pharmaceuticals and food. This is because of the highly polar nature of water which makes it an ideal medium to convert polar biomass-based lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), with high oxygen content, and their upgraded products such as hydrophilic carbohydrates, platform chemicals and their derivatives. Another reason which makes water the solvent of choice is that water itself is involved either as a reagent or as a byproduct even in large amounts in typical conversions for the valorization of biomass. The obtained intermediates further react in the aqueous medium, often without any separation and purification, to manufacture more valuable products. This results in substantial energy savings, lower emissions and economic benefits. Furthermore, water could act as a catalyst in conversions of biomass-based feedstocks such as in liquefaction reactions under subcritical conditions. Moreover, novel types of catalytic reactivity have been observed in the aqueous solvent, not only with water-soluble transition metal catalytic complexes, but also with conventional heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic nanoparticles in a broad spectrum of different reactions such as, inter alia, aldol condensations and hydrogenation reactions. For example, in the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of the biomass-based key platform chemical levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone and beyond, employing heterogeneous catalysts and nanoparticles the presence of water has a beneficial effect and accelerates the reaction rates, whereas in organic solvents much lower activities were observed. This promotional effect of water in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid was proved by many experimental and theoretical studies using a broad spectrum of different types of catalytic systems.

Download or read book Biomass to Bioenergy written by Sonil Nanda and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass to Bioenergy: Modern Technological Strategies for Biorefineries provides an in-depth review of the latest innovations and developments in biomass conversion technologies for energy and biochemical products. The book presents the fundamental principles, recent developments, challenges and solutions, innovative state-of-the-art technologies and future perspectives on biorefining technologies of waste biomass resources to biofuel production. Presents applications of thermochemical conversion and reforming technologies for waste biomass to biofuels, including the main biomass conversion technologies for biomass-to-liquid, biomass-to-gas and gas-to-liquid Offers solutions to the technical issues of bio-refinery, as well as addressing supply chain management and lifecycle and techno-economic assessments of biorefinery Provides fundamental principles, recent developments, challenges and solutions, innovative state-of-the-art technologies, and future perspective on biorefining technologies Examines the challenges for the large-scale implementation of thermochemical biomass conversion technologies to biofuels and biochemicals

Download or read book Zeolites in Catalysis written by Jiří Čejka and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible references for researchers and industrialists in this exciting field, covering both developments and applications of catalysis.

Download or read book Sustainable Hydrogen Production written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth’s fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment Provides historical background where appropriate Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter

Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of Biomass derived Carbohydrates to Furanic Biofuel Additives and Chemicals written by Islam Ahmed Mohammed Elsayed and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing energy demand and various problems associated with fossil fuels such as environmental pollution, global warming and diminishing petroleum reserves have greatly stimulated production of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources. Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as one of the potential sources for a variety of fuels and industrial chemicals. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has been identified as an excellent platform molecule because it is a flexible intermediate for the synthesis of bio-renewable fuels and materials. HMF can be easily obtained from acid-catalyzed hydration of biomass-derived carbohydrates (hexoses) in various media. HMF can be converted to energy products such as 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans (BAMFs), monomers for high-value polymers such as 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), and valuable intermediates for fine chemicals. Recently, magnetic nanoparticle based catalysts attracted more attention due to their good stability and easy separation from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet. This unique magnetic separation property makes MNPs more effective than conventional filtration or centrifugation as it prevents loss of the catalyst. This dissertation work focuses on, firstly, studying the effectiveness of silica coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles MNPs supported with sulfonic acid groups (Fe3O4 at SiO2-SO3H) on the dehydration of glucose to HMF. Secondly, preparing a cost-effective catalytic transfer hydrogenation system for the selective transformation of HMF into BHMF via Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction over the copper iron magnetic catalyst supported on activated carbon in ethanol solvent with the absence of molecular hydrogen. Thirdly, producing alkoxymethylfurans (AMFs) which are considered a potential biofuels by using two-step sequential reactions with cheap heterogeneous zinc-iron oxides magnetic nanocatalyst for the hydrogenation of HMF to furfuryl alcohols in various alcohols solvents in the absence of molecular hydrogen followed by solid Brønsted acid catalyst for the etherification reaction of furfuryl alcohol derivatives. All prepared heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, H2-TPR, XPS, ICP-OES, HRTEM-EDX, and N2 adsorption-desorption isothermal analyses (BET and BJH) and were tested for recyclability. The chemical products were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and products quantities were calculated by using calibration curves of chemical standards. Various reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and alcohol type were optimized.

Download or read book Biomass Processing over Gold Catalysts written by Olga A. Simakova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-13 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the valorization of biomass-derived compounds over gold catalysts. Since biomass is a rich renewable feedstock for diverse platform molecules, including those currently derived from petroleum, the interest in various transformation routes has become intense. Catalytic conversion of biomass is one of the main approaches to improving the economic viability of biorefineries. In addition, Gold catalysts were found to have outstanding activity and selectivity in many key reactions. This book collects information about transformations of the most promising and important compounds derived from cellulose, hemicelluloses, and woody biomass extractives. Since gold catalysts possess high stability under oxidative conditions, selective oxidation reactions were discussed more thoroughly than other critical reactions such as partial hydrogenation, acetalization, and isomerization. The influence of reaction conditions, the role of the catalyst, and the advantages and disadvantages of using gold are presented for all of the reactions mentioned above. This book provides an overview of the recent research results focusing on application of gold catalysts for synthesis of valuable chemicals using renewable feedstocks.