Download or read book Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes in Must and in Wine written by Helmut König and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the book begins with the description of the diversity of wine-related microorganisms, followed by an outline of their primary and energy metabolism. Subsequently, important aspects of the secondary metabolism are dealt with, since these activities have an impact on wine quality and off-flavour formation. Then chapters about stimulating and inhibitory growth factors follow. This knowledge is helpful for the growth management of different microbial species. The next chapters focus on the application of the consolidated findings of molecular biology and regulation the functioning of regulatory cellular networks, leading to a better understanding of the phenotypic behaviour of the microbes in general and especially of the starter cultures as well as of stimulatory and inhibitory cell-cell interactions during wine making. In the last part of the book, a compilation of modern methods complete the understanding of microbial processes during the conversion of must to wine.This broad range of topics about the biology of the microbes involved in the vinification process could be provided in one book only because of the input of many experts from different wine-growing countries.
Download or read book Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes in Must and in Wine written by Helmut König and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient beverage wine is the result of the fermentation of grape must. This n- urally and fairly stable product has been and is being used by many human societies as a common or enjoyable beverage, as an important means to improve the quality of drinking water in historical times, as therapeutical agent, and as a religious symbol. During the last centuries, wine has become an object of scientific interest. In this respect different periods may be observed. At first, simple observations were recorded, and subsequently, the chemical basis and the involvement of microorg- isms were elucidated. At a later stage, the scientific work led to the analysis of the many minor and trace compounds in wine, the detection and understanding of the biochemical reactions and processes, the diversity of microorganisms involved, and the range of their various activities. In recent years, the focus shifted to the genetic basis of the microorganisms and the molecular aspects of the cells, including metabolism, membrane transport, and regulation. These different stages of wine research were determined by the scientific methods that were known and available at the respective time. The recent “molecular” approach is based on the analysis of the genetic code and has led to significant results that were not even imaginable a few decades ago. This new wealth of information is being presented in the Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must, and in Wine.
Download or read book Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes in Must and in Wine written by Helmut König and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient beverage wine is the result of the fermentation of grape must. This n- urally and fairly stable product has been and is being used by many human societies as a common or enjoyable beverage, as an important means to improve the quality of drinking water in historical times, as therapeutical agent, and as a religious symbol. During the last centuries, wine has become an object of scientific interest. In this respect different periods may be observed. At first, simple observations were recorded, and subsequently, the chemical basis and the involvement of microorg- isms were elucidated. At a later stage, the scientific work led to the analysis of the many minor and trace compounds in wine, the detection and understanding of the biochemical reactions and processes, the diversity of microorganisms involved, and the range of their various activities. In recent years, the focus shifted to the genetic basis of the microorganisms and the molecular aspects of the cells, including metabolism, membrane transport, and regulation. These different stages of wine research were determined by the scientific methods that were known and available at the respective time. The recent “molecular” approach is based on the analysis of the genetic code and has led to significant results that were not even imaginable a few decades ago. This new wealth of information is being presented in the Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must, and in Wine.
Download or read book Molecular Wine Microbiology written by Alfonso V. Carrascosa Santiago and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Wine Microbiology features rigorous scientific content written at a level comprehensible for wine professionals as well as advanced students. It includes information on production and spoilage issues, the microbial groups relevant for wine production and microbial wine safety. Microbiology has long been recognized as a key tool in studying wine production, however only recently have wine microbiology studies been addressed at a molecular level, increasing the understanding of how microbiology impacts not only the flavor quality of the wine, but also its safety. Understanding, at a molecular level, how a starter culture can impact ethanol, glycerol, volatile phenols, mannoproteins, biogenic amines or ochratoxin A of a wine are just some of the core points that must be considered in order to achieve maximium consumer acceptability while addressing safety concerns during processing and storage. While other books offer insights into the technological aspects of enology, this book is written by expert microbiologists, who explore the positive and negative impacts of gene function in the production of wine, from a microbiological point of view. Winner of the 2012 Jury Award in Enology from the International Organisation of Vine and Wine Presents the most current methods of studying the microbiology of wine Includes latest identification and typing methods, reducing identification time from days and weeks to minutes and hours Provides important knowledge about the impact of microbiological factors at the molecular level for reduction of wine spoilage and increased wine quality and safety
Download or read book Wine Microbiology written by Kenneth C. Fugelsang and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 2007 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Starter Cultures in Food Production written by Barbara Speranza and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starter cultures have great significance in the food industry due to their vital role in the manufacture, flavour, and texture development of fermented foods. Once mainly used in the dairy industry, nowadays starter cultures are applied across a variety of food products, including meat, sourdough, vegetables, wine and fish. New data on the potential health benefits of these organisms has led to additional interest in starter bacteria. Starter Cultures in Food Production details the most recent insights into starter cultures. Opening with a brief description of the current selection protocols and industrial production of starter cultures, the book then focuses on the innovative research aspects of starter cultures in food production. Case studies for the selection of new starter cultures for different food products (sourdough and cereal based foods, table olives and vegetables, dairy and meat products, fish and wine) are presented before chapters devoted to the role of lactic acid bacteria in alkaline fermentations and ethnic fermented foods. This book will provide food producers, researchers and students with a tentative answer to the emerging issues of how to use starter cultures and how microorganisms could play a significant role in the complex process of food innovation.
Download or read book Wine Microbiology written by Kenneth C. Fugelsang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winemaking from the vineyard to shipment of the bottled product is a series of challenges for winemaking staff. The introductory narrative of this book is designed to be an overview, from the wine microbiologist’s point of view, of those critical junctures in the process (CCPs) that are of concern in wine quality as well as intervention/control programs to address them. The second edition of Wine Microbiology builds upon the foundation of its highly successful predecessor with emphasis on modern molecular methods. It has been revised and updated with recent data and conclusions in all chapters.
Download or read book Wine Microbiology and Biotechnology written by Graham H. Fleet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wine Microbiology and Biotechnology presents developments in fermentation technology, enzyme technology, and technologies for the genetic engineering of microorganisms in a single volume. The book emphasizes the diversity of microorganisms associated with the winemaking process, and broadens the discussion of winemaking to include more modern concepts of biotechnology and molecular biology. In each chapter, recognized authorities in their field link the scientific fundamentals of microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology to the practical aspects of wine production and quality. They also provide relevant historical background and offer directions for future research.
Download or read book Wine Fermentation written by Harald Claus and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wineries are facing new challenges due to actual market demands for the creation of products exhibiting more particular flavors. In addition, climate change has lead to the requirement for grape varieties with specific features, such as convenient maturation times, enhanced tolerance towards dryness, osmotic stress, and resistance against plant-pathogens. The next generation of yeast starter cultures should produce wines with an appealing sensory profile and less alcohol. This Special Issue comprises actual studies addressing some of the problems and solutions for the environmental, technical, and consumer challenges of wine making today: Development of sophisticated mass spectroscopic methods enable the identification of the major metabolite spectrum of grapes/wine and deliver detailed insights in terroir and yeast-specific traits;Knowledge of the origin and reactions of reductive sulphur compounds facilitates the avoidance of unpleasant wine odors;Innovative physical–chemical treatments support effective and sustainable color extraction from red grape varieties;Enological enzymes from yeasts used directly or in the form of starter cultures are promising tools to increase the juice yields, color intensity, and aroma of wine;Natural and artificial Saccharomyces hybrids as well as collections of adapted wild isolates from various ecological niches will extend winemakers repertoire, allowing individual fermentations;Exact process control of wine fermentations by convenient computer programs will guarantee consistently high product quality.
Download or read book Lactic Acid Bacteria Genetics Metabolism and Applications written by W.N. Konings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In ancient times foods fermented with lactic acid bacteria already constituted an important part of the human diet. From then on, lactic acid bacteria have played an essential role in the preservation of food raw materials and have contributed to the nutritional, organoleptic and health properties of human food products and animal feed. The important function that lactic acid bacteria still have in the production of foods all over the world has resulted in a growing scientific interest in these micro-organisms by academic research groups as well as by industry. During the last 15 years, this research has been stimulated by major internationally coordinated funding efforts that have resulted in a variety of important scientific breakthroughs and have led to new applications. Written by international experts in the field, this issue of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek documents these developments with respect to genetics, metabolism and the application of lactic acid bacteria for industrial and potential medical applications. In this book the first complete genome of a lactic acid bacterium is presented. The book will serve as a reference source and also as an indispensable source of information for further development and exploration of the field.
Download or read book Grapes and Wines written by António M. Jordão and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book "Grapes and Wines: Advances in Production, Processing, Analysis, and Valorization" intends to provide to the reader a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art and different perspectives regarding the most recent knowledge related to grape and wine production. Thus, this book is composed of three different general sections: (1) Viticulture and Environmental Conditions, (2) Wine Production and Characterization, and (3) Economic Analysis and Valorization of Wine Products. Inside these 3 general sections, 16 different chapters provide current research on different topics of recent advances on production, processing, analysis, and valorization of grapes and wines. All chapters are written by a group of international researchers, in order to provide up-to-date reviews, overviews, and summaries of current research on the different dimensions of grape and wine production. This book is not only intended for technicians actively engaged in the field but also for students attending technical schools and/or universities and other professionals that might be interested in reading and learning about some fascinating areas of grape and wine research.
Download or read book Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology written by Antonio Morata and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology is a collection of fifteen chapters that addresses different issues related to the technological and biotechnological management of vineyards and winemaking. It focuses on recent advances in the field of viticulture with interesting topics such as the development of a microvine model for research purposes, the mechanisms of cultivar adaptation and evolution in a climate change scenario, and the consequences of vine water deficit on yield components. Other topics include the metabolic profiling of different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species and their contribution in modulating the sensory quality of wines produced in warm regions, the use of new natural and sustainable fining agents, and available physical methods to reduce alcohol content. This volume will be of great interest to researchers and vine or wine professionals.
Download or read book Winemaking written by V. K. Joshi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wine is one of the oldest forms of alcoholic beverages known to man. Estimates date its origins back to 6000 B.C. Ever since, it has occupied a significant role in our lives, be it for consumption, social virtues, therapeutic value, its flavoring in foods, etc. A study of wine production and the technology of winemaking is thus imperative. The preparation of wine involves steps from harvesting the grapes, fermenting the must, maturing the wine, stabilizing it finally, to getting the bottled wine to consumers. The variety of cultivars, methods of production, and style of wine, along with presentation and consumption pattern add to the complexity of winemaking. In the past couple of decades, there have been major technological advances in wine production in the areas of cultivation of grapes, biochemistry and methods of production of different types of wines, usage of analytical techniques has enabled us to produce higher quality wine. The technological inputs of a table wine, dessert wine or sparkling wine, are different and has significance to the consumer. The role played by the killer yeast, recombinant DNA technology, application of enzyme technology and new analytical methods of wine evaluation, all call for a comprehensive review of the advances made. This comprehensive volume provides a holistic view of the basics and applied aspects of wine production and technology. The book comprises production steps, dotted with the latest trends or the innovations in the fields. It draws upon the expertise of leading researchers in the wine making worldwide.
Download or read book Wine Chemistry and Biochemistry written by M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-06 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to describe chemical and biochemical aspects of winemaking that are currently being researched. The authors have selected the very best experts for each of the areas. The first part of the book summarizes the most important aspects of winemaking technology and microbiology. The second most extensive part deals with the different groups of compounds, how these are modified during the various steps of the production process, and how they affect the wine quality, sensorial aspects, and physiological activity, etc. The third section describes undesirable alterations of wines, including those affecting quality and food safety. Finally, the treatment of data will be considered, an aspect which has not yet been tackled in any other book on enology. In this chapter, the authors not only explain the tools available for analytical data processing, but also indicate the most appropriate treatment to apply, depending on the information required, illustrating with examples throughout the chapter from enological literature.
Download or read book Microbiota of Grapes Positive and Negative Role on Wine Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During spontaneous food/beverage fermentations, the microbiota associated with the raw material has a considerable importance: this microbial consortium evolves in reason of the nutrient content and of the physical, chemical, and biological determinants present in the food matrix, shaping fermentation dynamics with significant impacts on the 'qualities' of final productions. The selection from the indigenous micro-biodiversity of 'virtuous' ecotypes that coupled pro-technological and biotechnological aptitudes provide the basis for the formulation of 'tailored' starter cultures. In the fermenting food and beverage arena, the wine sector is generally characterized by the generation of a high added value. Together with a pronounced seasonality, this feature strongly contributes to the selection of a large group of starter cultures. In the last years, several studies contributed to describe the complexity of grapevine-associated microbiota using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. The grape-associated microbial communities continuously change during the wine-making process, with different dominances that correspond to the main biotechnological steps that take place in wine. In order to simplify, following a time trend, four major dominances can be mainly considered: non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomyces, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and spoilage microbes. The first two dominances come in succession during the alcoholic fermentation: the impact of Saccharomyces (that are responsible of key enological step of ethanol production) can be complemented/integrated by the contributions of compatible non-Saccharomyces strains. Lactic acid bacteria constitute the malolactic consortium responsible of malolactic fermentation, a microbial bioconversion often desired in wine (especially in red wine production). Finally, the fourth dominance, the undesired microbiota, represents a panel of microorganisms that, coupling spoilage potential to the resistance to the harsh conditions typical of wine environment, can cause important economic losses. In each of these four dominances a complex microbial biodiversity has been described. The studies on the enological significance of the micro-biodiversity connected with each of the four dominances highlighted the presence of a dichotomy: in each consortia there are species/strains that, in reason of their metabolisms, are able to improve wine 'qualities' (resource of interest in starter cultures design), and species/strains that with their metabolism are responsible of depreciation of wine. Articles describing new oenological impacts of yeasts and bacteria belonging to the four main categories above mentioned (non-Saccharomyces, Saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage microbes) are welcome. Moreover, in this Research Topic, we encourage mini-review submissions on topics of immediate interest in wine microbiology that link microbial biodiversity with positive/negative effects in wine.
Download or read book Handbook of Enology Volume 1 written by Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Microbiology" volume of the new revised and updated Handbook of Enology focuses on the vinification process. It describes how yeasts work and how they can be influenced to achieve better results. It continues to look at the metabolism of lactic acid bacterias and of acetic acid bacterias, and again, how can they be treated to avoid disasters in the winemaking process and how to achieve optimal results. The last chapters in the book deal with the use of sulfur-dioxide, the grape and its maturation process, harvest and pre-fermentation treatment, and the basis of red, white and speciality wine making. The result is the ultimate text and reference on the science and technology of the vinification process: understanding and dealing with yeasts and bacterias involved in the transformation from grape to wine. A must for all serious students and practitioners involved in winemaking.
Download or read book Understanding Wine Microbiota Challenges and Opportunities written by Aline Lonvaud and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-16 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wine yeast and bacteria have been extensively characterized in terms of physiological and metabolic traits largely in pure culture analyses. Winemaking practices derived from this basic knowledge have undoubtedly improved wine quality. Phylogenetic studies and genome comparisons in extensive collections have revealed the processes of evolution and adaptation of the two main microbial species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Oenococcus oeni, present in wine. However, grapes and grape juice contain a variety of microorganisms and these principal agents of fermentation are in fact part of a complex microbial community that evolves dynamically in a special niche. Thanks to the new methods of analysis, the complexity of the microbiota can be measured in any sample of must or wine. In addition, there is greater appreciation of diversity within the main species present in wine. Intraspecific diversity has been evaluated in yeast and bacteria species and strains can be typed even in the mixture of selected or indigenous strains. Descriptions of microbial profiles in all the regions of the world suggest that the microbiota is a significant element of terroir or regional signature. It is no longer enough to simply describe what is present. It is important to consider evolution, physiology and metabolism taking into account microbial interactions within the community. Research in wine microbiology has also expanded our understanding of the participation and role of non-Saccharomyces organisms in winemaking, and refined knowledge on microbial spoilage. However, it is challenging to go from the simple description of these phenomena to their interpretation. The greatest difficulty lies in analyzing the functioning of the extraordinary complex system of yeast and bacteria present during different stages of the fermentation. Interactions in the very particular environment of fermenting grape induce alternations of relative populations’ dominances and declines with subsequent impacts on wine composition. Some mechanisms have been identified or suggested, but much remains to be done. The recent advent of inoculation with non-Saccharomyces in oenological practice, sometimes leading to inconstant results, reflects the profound gaps that exist in knowledge of the complexity of fermentation and wine microbial ecosystems. Understanding how the microbial community works is expected to provide a sound basis before using fermentation helpers and starters, taking into account the indigenous microbiota. It will also aid in monitoring and understanding native or uninoculated fermentations that rely on the complex interactions of grape, winery and fermentation biota for their aroma and flavor profile. The aim of this Research Topic was to bring together current knowledge on several key aspects of wine microorganism biology: i) Evolution / co-evolution of yeasts and bacteria in their process of domestication and adaptation to the oenological niche. ii) Mechanisms of interactions between species and strains, both on grapes and in grape must. iii) Metabolism and physiology of yeast and bacteria in interactions with each other and with the environment, considering to what extent expected objectives (typicity, lower alcohol, etc.,) can be reached by using selected strains. iv) Development of novel technologies or approaches for the assessment of changes in a dynamic microbial community and the linking of such changes to wine flavor and aroma properties. v) Diversity, ecology, physiology and metabolism of B. bruxellensis. Damage from this spoilage agent is not effectively prevented because we do not fully understand the biology of this species, particularly in interaction with other yeast and bacteria. Each chapter presents advances in these areas of study. Research in wine microbiology, particularly in the wine microbiome and its impacts on wine composition is enhancing our understanding of the complexities and dynamics of microbial food and beverage ecosystems.
