Download or read book Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures Dose Response Relationships written by Edward J. Calabrese and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-05-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Effects of Low-Level Exposures, more commonly referred to as BELLE, began as a conference in May 1990. Its members are committed to the enhanced understanding of low-dose responses of all types to human exposures to chemical and physical agents, whether of an expected or paradoxical nature. The focus of BELLE encompasses dose-response relationships to toxic agents, pharmaceuticals, and natural products over wide dosage ranges in both in vitro systems and in vivo systems, including human populations. While BELLE promotes the scientific understanding of low-level effects, its primary goal is the scientific evaluation of existing literature and ways to improve research and assessment methods.
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Download or read book Revival written by Edward J. Calabrese and published by CRC Press Revivals. This book was released on 2019-01-28 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. Hypotheses on Mammalian Aging, Toxicity, and Longevity Hormesis: Explication by a Generalized Gompertz Function -- 2. The Role of the "Stress Protein Response" in Hormesis -- 3. DNA Repair: As Influenced by Age, Nutrition, and Exposure to Toxic Substances -- 4. Biochemical Mechanisms of Biphasic Dose-Response Relationships: Role of Hormesis -- 5. Effects of Low-Dose Radiation on the Immune Response -- 6. Cellular Adaptation as an Important Response During Chemical Carcinogenesis -- 7. Biostatistical Approaches for Modeling U-Shaped Dose-Response Curves and Study Design Considerations in Assessing the Biological Effects of Low Doses -- List of Contributors -- Index
Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
Download or read book Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures to Chemical and Radiation written by Edward J. Calabrese and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features papers presented at a workshop discussing current knowledge about the biological effects of low level exposures (BELLE). The book is designed to help establish a scientific base for future BELLE initiatives and is focused on the issue of the toxicological implications of biological adaptations. Hormesis is considered in a broad, conceptual manner, as well as at molecular and biochemical levels. Other topics covered include the effects of low levels of radiation on biological systems, how the liver adapts to genetic insults, biostatistical considerations when designing studies that address issues associated with biological responses to low doses of chemicals and radiation, and the issues that surround the interpretation of findings from such studies.
Download or read book Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures to Chemicals and Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book features papers presented at a workshop discussing current knowledge about the biological effects of low level exposures (BELLE). The book is designed to help establish a scientific base for future BELLE initiatives and is focused on the issue of the toxicological implications of biological adaptations. Hormesis is considered in a broad, conceptual manner, as well as at molecular and biochemical levels. Other topics covered include the effects of low levels of radiation on biological systems, how the liver adapts to genetic insults, biostatistical considerations when designing studies that address issues associated with biological responses to low doses of chemicals and radiation, and the issues that surround the interpretation of findings from such studies."--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U S Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-21 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, Gulf War veterans have expressed concerns about health effects that could be associated with their deployment and service during the war. Although similar concerns were raised after other military operations, the Gulf War deployment focused national attention on the potential, but uncertain, relationship between the presence of chemical and biological (CB) agents and other harmful agents in theater and health symptoms reported by military personnel. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces which is one of the four two-year studies, examines the detection and tracking of exposures of deployed personnel to multiple harmful agents.
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Download or read book Effects of Low Dose and Low Dose Rate Radiation written by Oddvar F. Nygaard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 6: Effects of Low Dose and Low Dose Rate Radiation examines the biological effects of low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation on a broad scale, covering various articles from microdosimetry to analyses of human responses. Estimates of the effects on humans from low doses or from sustained exposures to low dose rates of ionizing radiations are of critical importance for the assessment of radiation risks under occupational and environmental conditions. This book consists of such knowledge that is essential for radiation protection and governmental regulatory activities pertaining to radiation exposure. This volume is intended for radiobiologists, radiation epidemiologists, radiation physicists, radiation safety personnel, health officials, and individuals involved in regulatory activities.
Download or read book Assessment of Risk from Low Level Exposure to Radiation and Chemicals written by A. D. Woodhead and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present workshop had its orlglns in discussions among Alexander Hollaender, Oddvar Nygaard, Donald Borg, Richard Setlow and Victor Bond on the need for a symposium that would deal with a broad spectrum of pressing subjects related to the physics, chemistry, and biological actions of ionizing radiations, and the theoretical and practical problems of risk assessment. It soon became apparent that the spectrum of subjects considered was too broad for the desired depth of coverage; in fact, it seemed un likely that the conference participants would have the background knowledge to span the gamut. Therefore, two separate meetings were decided upon, the first of which, Comparison of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Radiation and Chemical Agents, was held at the National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg on December 6-7, 1983. The meeting was sponsored by the NCI. The second meeting has emerged as the present workshop at Brookhaven National Laboratory. An interface between the two conferences has been provided by Michael Fry and Donald Borg, who have summarized the salient points emanating from the NCI Symposium. We intended that the first conference should focus on the basic mechanisms of radiation and chemical carcinogenesis, while the second, the present meeting, would emphasize exposure-response relationships, particularly the theoretical and practical similar ities and differences between exposure to chemical carcinogens compared to exposure to ionizing radiation.
Download or read book Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Combustion processes, especially coal-fired power plants, are major sources of mercury contamination in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulating mercury emissions from those plants. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury reviews the health effects of methylmercury and discusses the estimation of mercury exposure from measured biomarkers, how differences between individuals affect mercury toxicity, and appropriate statistical methods for analysis of the data and thoroughly compares the epidemiological studies available on methylmercury. Included are discussions of current mercury levels on public health and a delineation of the scientific aspects and policy decisions involved in the regulation of mercury. This report is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report also provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience.
Download or read book Known effects of low level radiation exposure written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Dose Exposures in the Environment written by C. Streffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever-increasing release of harmful agents due to human activities have led in some areas of the world to heavy pollution. In order to protect human health and the environment, environmental standards that shall limit the release and the concentration of those toxic agents in the environment and hence the exposure to it have to be established. The related assessment and decision-making procedures have to be based on solid scientific data about the effects and mechanisms of these agents as well as on ethical, social and economic aspects. For risk evaluation, the knowledge of the dose response curve is an essential prerequisite. Dose responses without a threshold dose are most critical in this connection. Such dose responses are assumed for mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, which, therefore, dominate also the discussion in this book. In the environmentally important low dose range, risk estimation can only be achieved by extrapolation from higher doses with measurable effects. The extrapolation is accompanied with uncertainties which makes risk evaluation as well as risk communication frequently problematic. In order to ensure rational efficient and fair decisions beyond a sound scientific assessment the dialogue between disciplines, with the affected people and with the general public is necessary. In this book, the whole range of relevant and essential aspects of risk evaluation and standard setting is addressed. Starting with the ethical foundations, the sound analysis of recent scientific findings sets the frame for further reflections by theory of cognition, psychosocial sciences, and jurisprudence. The authors end up with concluding recommendations for coping with the recent problems of standard setting in the field of environmentally relevant low doses. The book is designed to a readership of scientists, legislators, administrators, and the interested public.
Download or read book The Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation 1980 written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Download or read book Known Effects of Low level Radiation Exposure written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
