Download or read book Biodefense Research Methodology and Animal Models Second Edition written by James R. Swearengen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant advances have been made in animal model development for biological research since the publication of the first edition of this volume, and the ramifications of the FDA’s Animal Efficacy Rule have become better understood in the scientific community. With each chapter completely updated with the latest research findings, Biodefense Research Methodology and Animal Models, Second Edition spans the spectrum of coverage from basic research to advanced development of medical countermeasures. Topics discussed in this volume include: A history of biological agents as weapons, from the use of corpses to contaminate water supplies to modern day anthrax attacks Concepts and strategies involved in biowarfare and bioterrorism The development, validation, and importance of animal models in biodefense research Infectious disease aerobiology Studies involving anthrax, glanders, plague, tularemia, Q fever, alphaviruses, orthopoxviruses, and a new chapter on brucellosis Animal models for viral hemorrhagic fevers Botulinum and Ricin toxins Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens As the scientific community works diligently to protect the world’s population from the misuse of infectious organisms and toxins, it is imperative that researchers stay abreast of the latest techniques for biodefense research. Exploring in vivo and in vitro assays, this volume brings researchers up to date on the latest information on bacterial and viral infectious agents and biological toxins considered to pose the greatest threats to public safety. In addition, the contributors take a step toward minimizing the use of animals in further experiments by presenting documented findings that can be built upon.

Download or read book Biodefense written by James R. Swearengen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance attached to rapidly developing our biodefensive capabilities has recently resulted in a significantly increased funding for biodefense research. Accordingly, researchers will respond with an effort equal to the challenge, producing an impressive body of findings. To ensure that this effort continues in the most efficient manner, Biodefense: Research Methodology and Animal Models presents a thorough historical and current review of biodefense research, encouraging researchers to leverage relevant results, rather than duplicate them. By building on the work of others, scientists will be able to proceed in a way that makes the best use of available resources, while avoiding unnecessary duplication of animal research. Including contributions from recognized leaders in the field who have developed and refined the animal models presented, this book examines those bacterial, viral, and toxic agents considered to pose the greatest threats to public safety. Each section on a specific agent provides pertinent background information, followed by a description of those animal models employed in research and testing and a discussion of how the findings translate to human impact.

Download or read book Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons. The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs.

Download or read book The Laboratory Rat Second Edition written by Patrick Sharp and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rats have long been recognized as a valuable biomedical research model, notably in the investigation of aging, toxicology, addiction, and common human diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In many instances, individuals conducting such research studies are charged with important responsibilities, including animal facility management, animal husbandry, veterinary care, regulatory compliance, and various experimental methodologies. With the advent of genetic manipulations and biomedical research technological advances such as bioimaging, the versatility and usefulness of the rat as an animal model has soared. The Laboratory Rat, Second Edition captures the multiple advances in this important animal model’s husbandry, veterinary care, and experimental methodology. This edition features augmented, expanded, and novel information on biology, anesthesia, analgesia, and experimental techniques benefiting personnel working with rats—from the animal care staff to the researcher and everyone in between. The book is also extremely useful to institutional animal care and use program supporters and elements, including animal care and use committees, institutional officials, occupational health and safety professionals, veterinary technicians, and veterinarians.

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology Volume 1 Background Resources and Tools written by Steve Gilbert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-16 with total page 1055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology’s subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools. Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology’s presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field. The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children’s environmental health. Introductory chapters provide a backdrop to the science of toxicology, its history, the origin and status of toxicoinformatics, and starting points for identifying resources Offers an extensive array of chapters organized by subject, each highlighting resources such as journals, databases,organizations, and review articles Includes chapters with an emphasis on format such as government reports, general interest publications, blogs, and audiovisuals Explores recent internet trends, web-based databases, and software tools in a section on the online environment Concludes with a miscellany of special topics such as laws and regulations, chemical hazard communication resources, careers and professional education, K-12 resources, funding, poison control centers, and patents Paired with Volume Two, which focuses on global resources, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over 120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field

Download or read book Information Resources in Toxicology written by P.J. Bert Hakkinen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-08-19 with total page 1552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest version of Information Resources in Toxicology (IRT) continues a tradition established in 1982 with the publication of the first edition in presenting an extensive itemization, review, and commentary on the information infrastructure of the field. This book is a unique wide-ranging, international, annotated bibliography and compendium of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. Thoroughly updated, the current edition analyzes technological changes and is rife with online tools and links to Web sites. IRT-IV is highly structured, providing easy access to its information. Among the “hot topics covered are Disaster Preparedness and Management, Nanotechnology, Omics, the Precautionary Principle, Risk Assessment, and Biological, Chemical and Radioactive Terrorism and Warfare are among the designated. • International in scope, with contributions from over 30 countries • Numerous key references and relevant Web links • Concise narratives about toxicologic sub-disciplines • Valuable appendices such as the IUPAC Glossary of Terms in Toxicology • Authored by experts in their respective sub-disciplines within toxicology

Download or read book Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in veterinary science is critical for the health and well-being of animals, including humans. Food safety, emerging infectious diseases, the development of new therapies, and the possibility of bioterrorism are examples of issues addressed by veterinary science that have an impact on both human and animal health. However, there is a lack of scientists engaged in veterinary research. Too few veterinarians pursue research careers, and there is a shortage of facilities and funding for conducting research. This report identifies questions and issues that veterinary research can help to address, and discusses the scientific expertise and infrastructure needed to meet the most critical research needs. The report finds that there is an urgent need to provide adequate resources for investigators, training programs, and facilities involved in veterinary research.

Download or read book Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Download or read book Emerging Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biodefense written by James R. Swearengen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-21 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance attached to rapidly developing our biodefensive capabilities has recently resulted in a significantly increased funding for biodefense research. Accordingly, researchers will respond with an effort equal to the challenge, producing an impressive body of findings. To ensure that this effort continues in the most efficient manne

Download or read book A theory of the super soldier written by Jean-François Caron and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, states have tried to create the perfect combatant with superhuman physical and cognitive features that are akin to those of comic book superheroes. However, the current innovations have nothing to do with the ones from the past and their development goes beyond a simple technological perspective. On the contrary, they are raising the prospect of a human enhancement revolution that will change the ways with which future wars will be fought and may even profoundly alter the foundations upon which our modern societies are built on. This book, which discusses the full ethical implications of these new technologies, is a unique contribution for students and scholars who care about the morality of warfare.

Download or read book Emerging Infectious Diseases written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ITJEMAST 12 5 2021 written by and published by International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ITJEMAST publishes a wide spectrum of research and technical articles as well as reviews, experiments, experiences, modelings, simulations, designs, and innovations from engineering, sciences, life sciences, and related disciplines as well as interdisciplinary/cross-disciplinary/multidisciplinary subjects. Original work is required. Article submitted must not be under consideration of other publishers for publications.

Download or read book Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare 2e written by Joel Bozue and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 1099 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the critical threat posed by biological warfare and terrorism in a post 9-11 world, Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare, 2e, addresses the weaponization of biological agents, categorizing potential agents as food, waterborne, or agricultural agents or toxins, and discusses their respective epidemiology. Recent advances in biomedical knowledge are presented that include descriptions of individual agents and the illnesses induced. Authors discuss biotoxins and explain methods for early identification for anthrax, plague, smallpox, alphaviruses, and staphylococcal enterotoxins. Case studies and research on successful management practices, treatments, and antidotes are also included. Contains updated and revised material since previous, 2007 edition.(Previous Print Hardcover ISBN: 9780160797316; eBook: 9780160872389) Related products: More published products by The Borden Institute, U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD) are here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/army-medical-department-amedd Arms & Weapons collection is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/arms-weapons Click here to find resources about Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT & CBRNE). Find more Physician References and Medical Handbooks here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/physician-references-medical-handbooks

Download or read book Biosecurity and Bioterrorism written by Jeffrey Ryan and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-02-18 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism, Second Edition, takes a holistic approach to biosecurity, with coverage of pathogens, prevention, and response methodology. It addresses these hazards in the context of vulnerability assessments and the planning strategies government and industry can use to prepare for and respond to such events. The book is organized into four thematic sections: Part I provides a conceptual understanding of biowarfare, bioterrorism and the laws we have to counteract this; Part II investigates known bioagents and the threat from emerging diseases; Part III focuses on agricultural terrorism and food security; and Part IV outlines international, US, and local initiatives for biodefense and biosecurity. Case studies illustrate biodefense against both intentional terrorism and natural outbreaks. Covers emerging threats of pandemic influenza, antibiotic resistant strains of bacterial pathogens, and severe respiratory diseases caused by novel viruses Offers increased international coverage, including initiatives to counter biological weapons and threats, and food security Updated throughout with latest protocols for dealing with biological threats and new case studies Includes online instructor ancillaries - PowerPoint lecture slides, test questions, and an instructor manual, for increased classroom functionality

Download or read book RESEARCH METHODOLOGY written by Narayan Changder and published by CHANGDER OUTLINE. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a scholarly journey into the art and science of research with our specialized guide, "Research Methodology." This comprehensive book serves as a beacon for researchers, guiding them through the intricacies of planning, conducting, and analyzing research effectively. Enriched with practical applications, methodological insights, and extensive Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) practice, this guide is designed to empower researchers across disciplines in mastering the craft of rigorous and impactful research. Key Features: Holistic Research Approach: Explore a comprehensive range of research methodologies, from quantitative and qualitative methods to mixed methods. "Research Methodology" provides a well-rounded understanding, ensuring researchers are equipped to choose the most suitable approach for their study. Practical Applications: Translate theoretical knowledge into practical research applications. The guide offers real-world examples, case studies, and step-by-step guidance, facilitating the application of research methodologies in diverse academic and professional contexts. Ethical Considerations: Navigate the ethical complexities of research with confidence. "Research Methodology" addresses ethical considerations, promoting responsible and morally sound research practices. MCQ Practice Questions: Reinforce your understanding with a diverse array of Multiple-Choice Question practice. Each question is strategically designed to challenge your knowledge, critical thinking skills, and prepare you thoroughly for research-related examinations and assessments. Keyword Integration: Seamlessly incorporate key terms and concepts throughout your learning journey. "Research Methodology" strategically places important keywords such as Quantitative Research, Qualitative Research, Mixed Methods, Ethical Considerations, MCQ Practice Questions, and more, aligning your understanding with the language used in research academia. Visual Learning Support: Enhance your comprehension with visually stimulating illustrations, diagrams, and charts. Visual learners will find these aids invaluable in conceptualizing complex research methodologies. Who Will Benefit: Researchers Across Disciplines Graduate Students and Academics Professionals Engaged in Research Research Enthusiasts Prepare for excellence in your research endeavors with confidence. "Research Methodology" is not just a guide; it's your key to mastering the art and science of research, backed by extensive MCQ practice. Order now and embark on a journey of scholarly discovery and academic achievement. Elevate your research acumen. Master the methodologies that drive impactful research with the ultimate guide. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 What?s Research? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Meaning of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 Aim of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4 Importance of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.5 Research concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.6 Nature of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.7 Nature and Inquiry of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.8 Steps of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1.9 Approaches in research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.10 Types of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1.11 Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1.12 Characteristics of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 1.13 Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 1.14 Philosophy of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 1.15 Interdisciplinary research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 1.16 Research and scientific methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 2 Methods of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.1 Basic/Fundamental Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 2.2 Applied research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.3 Action research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 2.4 Classification research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 2.5 Comparative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 2.6 Survey research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 2.7 Qualitative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 2.8 Characteristics and Importance of Qualitative Research . . . . . . . . . . 127 2.9 Quantitative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 2.10 Nature of Quantitative Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 2.11 Historical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 2.12 Descriptive research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 2.13 Experimental research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 2.14 case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 2.15 Ethnography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 2.16 Documentary and content analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 2.17 Narrative Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 2.18 Practical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 3 Identification of Research Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 3.1 Selecting the Research problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 3.2 Necessity of defining the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 3.3 Choosing a Topic & Defining a Research Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 3.4 Goals and Criteria for identifying problems for research. . . . . . . . . . 200 3.5 Research problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 4 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 4.1 Need for Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 4.2 Features of a good design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4.3 Different research designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 5 Development of research proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5.1 Parts of a Research Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5.2 Hypotheses & Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 5.3 Development of objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 5.4 Characteristics of objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 5.5 Development of hypotheses and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 6 Methods of data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 6.1 Concept of sampling and other concepts related to sampling . . . . . 231 6.2 Probability and non-probability samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 6.3 Tools of data collections, their types, attributes and uses . . . . . . . . 251 6.4 Redesigning research tools- questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 6.5 Redesigning research tools- observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 6.6 Redesigning research tools-interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 7 Methods of data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 7.1 Analysis of qualitative data based on various tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 7.2 Analysis of quantitative data and it presentation with tables, graphs etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 7.3 Statistical tools and techniques of data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 7.4 measures of central tendency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 7.5 Measures of dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 7.6 Decision making with hypothesis testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 7.7 parametric and non-parametric tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 7.8 Validity and delimitations of research findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 8 Statistical Techniques and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 8.1 Introduction of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 8.2 SPSS and statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 8.3 Measure of Arithmetic mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 8.4 Measure of Standard deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 8.5 Measures of Center and Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 8.6 Measures of Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 8.7 Coe?icient of variation (Discrete serious and continuous serious) . 347 8.8 Correlation Coe?icient & Coe?icient of Determination . . . . . . . . . . 347 8.9 Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 8.10 Multiple Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 8.11 Sampling distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 8.12 Standard error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 8.13 Confidence Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 8.14 Concept of point and interval estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 8.15 Tests of Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 8.16 Degree of freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 8.17 t-Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 8.18 z-distrbution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 8.19 Chi Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 8.20 Analysis of variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 8.21 One way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 9 Interpretation and Report Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 9.1 Significance of report writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 9.2 Scientific Report Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 9.3 Different steps in writing a report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 9.4 Layout of a Research report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 9.5 Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 9.6 writing a research paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 10 Reporting and thesis writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 10.1 Determining Experimental and Sample Designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 10.2 Primary and Secondary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 10.3 Null hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 10.4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 10.5 Research papers for journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 10.6 Research, Plagiarism, and Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 10.7 Seminars and Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 10.8 Impact factor of a journal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 10.9 Formatting of reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 10.10 APA Style of Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 10.11 Thesis writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 10.12 Citation Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 10.13 Chicago Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 10.14 Mendeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 11 Research Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 11.1 Ethical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 11.2 Commercialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 11.3 copy right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 11.4 Intellectual Property rights and patent law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 11.5 Citation and Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 This book is primarily designed for students preparing for various competitive examinations. It will also be helpful for those preparing for midterm exams in schools or universities. The aim of this book is twofold: first, to help the students preparing for competitive examinations, seeking admission to universities or schools, or prepare for job interviews. Second, it will also be helpful for those studying RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. This book contains more than 4183 questions from the core areas of RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. The questions are grouped chapter-wise. There are total 11 chapters, 107 sections and 4183+ MCQ with answers. This reference book provides a single source for multiple choice questions and answers in RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. It is intended for students as well as for developers and researchers in the field. This book is highly useful for faculties and students. One can use this book as a study guide, knowledge test questions bank, practice test kit, quiz book, trivia questions . . . etc. The strategy used in this book is the same as that which mothers and grandmothers have been using for ages to induce kids in the family to sip more soup (or some other nutritious drink). The children are told that some cherries (their favourite noodles or cherries ) are hidden somewhere in the bowl, and that serves as an incentive for drinking the soup. In joint families, by the time the children are old enough to know the trick played by their grandma, there is usually another group of kids ready to fall for it! They excite the kids, but the real nutrition lies not in the noodles but in the soup. The problems given in this book are like those noodles/cherries while solving all these problems are nutritious soup. Now it is your choice to drink the nutritious soups or not!!!.

Download or read book Chemical Warfare Agents written by Brian J. Lukey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-17 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book, Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels, was published just prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001. Reflecting a greater sense of urgency within the field of chemical defense since this event, research related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) continues to expand at a remarkable pace.