Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils and Sediments written by Joseph Paul Kreitinger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils and Sediments written by Michiel Pierre Cuypers and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediment and Bioavailability in Streams in the New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area West Virginia 2002 written by Terence Messinger and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediment and bioavailability in streams in the New River Gorge National River and Gauley River National Recreation Area West Virginia 2002 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs from Surficial Lake Erie Sediments written by Scott William Pickard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been shown to elicit toxicity in humans and other organisms. Therefore, it is important to monitor environmental concentrations of PAHs. Toxicologically, we are concerned not only with the total PAH concentration but, with that fraction available to partition into an organism (bioavailable fraction). This research fits within three areas concerning bioavailability of PAHs including; 1) development of methods to measure bioavailability in the field, 2) identification and characterization of mechanisms controlling bioavailability and, 3) development of models to predict bioavailability in the natural environment. In the first phase of this research, the role of black carbon (BC) in the bioavailability of PAHs in soil and sediment was examined by measuring sorption in systems containing BC, natural organic matter (NOM), and microorganisms. A model was developed to predict the bioavailable fraction of PAHs and factors that may alter sorption in the natural environment from that predicted by laboratory models were examined. In the second phase of this research, a novel passive sampling device was developed to monitor truly dissolved PAH concentrations in water. Sorption isotherms of pyrene-d10 were measured for diesel soot (DS), Suwannee River NOM, Leonardite humic acids (HA), DS previously exposed to NOM and HA, in binary systems containing both DS and NOM, and to DS exposed to lake water. When DS was previously exposed to NOM, competition for sorption sites was observed. However, when both pyrene-d10 and NOM were introduced to DS simultaneously, less competition occurred and sorption was predicted within 92% of observed values using additive sorption models (based on the unit-normalized Freundlich model and Polyani-Dubinin-Manes model). Weathering of DS significantly reduced adsorption capacity but many strong sorption sites still remained, possibly due to renewal of sorption sites b.
Download or read book Trace Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in San Pablo Bay and Their Bioavailability written by John Justin Baum and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PAHs written by Peter E. T. Douben and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-07-25 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or polyarenes, are one of the largest and most structurally diverse class of organic molecules known. High percentages of polyarenes, representing a wide range of molecular sizes and structural types, are present in coal tars and petroleum residues. The major sources of PAHs are crude oil, coal and oil shale. The fuels produced from these fossil sources constitute the primary source of energy for the industrial nations of the world, and the petrochemicals from these raw materials are the basis of the synthetic fibre and plastics industries. PAHs are however, widespread pollutants and their impact on the environment and human health must be monitored and controlled. This book will review and assess our scientific understanding of the ecological exposure and effects PAHs have in different environments and habitats. It will accomplish this by taking the recipients of the pollution in the environment as starting points and working its way back through pathways to access what is required for our understanding of effects and rationale for control. Although this book will concentrate on ecological exposure of PAHs, the general impacts of PAHs on human populations will be touched upon. It is thought to be the first book to focus on the ecological aspects of PAHs.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments written by Joris Jan-Hein Haftka and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Sediments written by Kyari Yates and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorobiphenyls(CBs) in sediments is largely dependent on the freely dissolved concentration of thesepollutants. However, measuring these is challenging, due to the low concentrations oflipophilic contaminants in the environment and their strong affinity for particles and fortraditional sampling (filtration and centrifugation) equipment. An equilibrium passivesampling device made of silicone rubber was developed in this research to measure thefreely dissolved concentrations of lipophilic contaminants and other parameters (waterextractable proportions and sediment-water partition coefficients) that describe theavailability of these contaminants in the environment. Equilibration between sampler and sediment for PAHs and CBs was found to beadequately achieved after 20 days shaking of a silicone rubber sampler in sediment slurryon an orbital shaker at 200 rpm. The reproducibility of uptake was better than 5 %. Silicone rubber-water partition coefficients for 34 PAHs and 32 CBs were measured in thelaboratory using a co-solvent method using methanol as co solvent. Strong linearcorrelations of log sr w K, with octanol-water partition coefficients (log ow K)(log 0.97 log 0.01; 2 0.94, K = K? r = sr w ow & log 1.17 log 1.82; 2 0.90, K = K? r = sr w ow) werefound for PAHs and CBs, with a systematic difference in correlations observed for thedifferent classes of compounds which was attributed to structural differences of thecompounds. The silicone rubber samplers were then used to measure concentrations of PAHs in thepore water of sediments from the Fladen Ground of the North Sea, Loch Shell, Firth ofForth, Firth of Clyde, Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour in Scotland and the Vefsn fjord, Norway. A proportion of the PAHs were found to be unavailable for exchange into theaqueous phase, and this was reflected in the high log oc K measured in all the sedimentsstudied. The sediment-water partition coefficients also correlated positively with theoctanol-water partition coefficients. Accumulation of PAHs in Nereis virens fromsediments was better predicted from literature bio concentration factors and pore waterconcentrations obtained using the silicone rubber samplers than from sedimentconcentrations traditionally used in risk assessments. Participation in an International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) passivesampling trial survey using silicone rubber in sediments and water is described, anddemonstrated the potential of passive sampling in monitoring environmental pollution. Thelog BCF (bio concentration factor) for PAHs in mussels increased with increasing log ow Kat both Loch Etive and Aberdeen Harbour locations, and could be used to estimateconcentrations in mussels directly. The survey data also showed the use of silicone rubberin assessing the diffusive exchange of PAHs across sediment-water interfaces.
Download or read book Soil and Sediment Remediation written by Piet Lens and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-09-30 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Download or read book Controls on the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs to Benthic Invertebrates in Marine Sediments written by Aaron Joshua Rust and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment written by Katrina Elizabeth White and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: sediment, environmental monitoring, soil, polydimethyl(siloxane), sorption, Leonardite humic acids, diesel soot, black carbon, Suwannee River natural organic matter, extraction methods, passive sampling device.
Download or read book Partitioning and Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Sediments written by Amy E. Vinturella and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Bacteria in Estuarine Sediments written by Wenhsin Liang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
