Download or read book BIOACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL COMPOUNDS AND MERCURY IN A MINING IMPACTED AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The Keweenaw area continues to be influenced by the century of copper mining that ended nearly 50 years ago. This project is focused on Torch Lake, an aquatic ecosystem that has been heavily impacted by mining waste disposal. The watershed has been impaired by mine discharge and tailings, smelter and smokestack plumes, and poor waste disposal practices. The lake is listed as a Great Lakes Area of Concern with beneficial use impairments of restrictions on fish consumption and a degraded benthic community. Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) and methylmercury (MeHg) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs). These contaminants pose threats to human and environmental health primarily via fish consumption. The use impairment of restricted fish consumption is a result of elevated concentrations of PCBs and MeHg in Torch Lake. In this research, kinetic bioaccumulation models were developed using MATLAB to estimate steady state concentrations in each trophic level of the Torch Lake food chain. The model links the contaminated environment to the bioaccumulation in a single organism. The model is most sensitive to the dietary uptake rate constants, and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the uncertainty (95% confidence interval) is approximately 0.13 ng/g ww for PCBs and 0.02 mg/g ww for MeHg. Model-predicted concentrations agree with the steady-state model, AQUAWEB, and with concentrations measured in walleye (Sander vitreus). The kinetic model coupled with a mass balance model is used to predict the extent of recovery of the ecosystem following remediation actions, such as removal of local contaminant sources to the lake. Removal of contaminated sediments is predicted to reduce the PCB congener concentrations by a factor of 2-14, and elimination of in-lake methylation was predicted to reduce fish Hg concentrations by a factor of 2. Thus, the model suggests that the planned remediation under the Legacy Act will significantly reduce PCB concentrations in fish. The model indicates that adult fish entering Torch Lake from the Keweenaw Waterway could reach the observed PCB contaminant concentrations in fish within 62 days to over 10 years, but other studies have indicated that immigration of fish to Torch Lake is uncommon.
Download or read book Dynamics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Upper Mississippi River written by Columbia National Fisheries Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PCB in Water written by Water Resources Scientific Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Upper Mississippi River written by R. N. Dexter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Coastal and Estuarine Waters written by Dwayne R. J. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A literature review was conducted on the physical and chemical properties of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS), their concentrations in the marine environment, their fate and persistence, their bioaccumulation, and their toxicity to marine biota. The information is summarized in this publication. From it, a Canadian water quality guideline is developed for PCBs to ensure the protection and maintenance of marine aquatic biota"--Abstract.
Download or read book Characterizing Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure in Aquatic and Riparian Species of Campus Lake written by Megan Archer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating the risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic systems requires evaluation of exposure, usually based on exhaustive chemical extraction of sediment and potentially exposed organisms and an assessment of toxicity. Remediation can then focus on areas where the exposure leads to the highest risk. Although effective, an approach that estimates exposure, which accounts for bioavailabilty, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer potential, and transport of materials within and out of the waterway, should serve as a more comprehensive environmental assessment. The current study examined exposure of PCBs in several different trophic levels within the Campus Lake ecosystem, Carbondale, Illinois. The source of contamination and the distribution of PCBs among ecosystem components demonstrated contamination within the aquatic portion of Campus Lake and transport out of the aquatic environment to the riparian area. Several media were collected including sediment, emergent insects, spiders, and three species of fish. Sediment extractions demonstrated that PCBs were localized to one small cove and this area served as the source for transfer of PCBs to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Single-point 24-h Tenax extractions formed the basis for evaluating the bioavailable component of the sediment-associated PCBs with strong correlations to laboratory-based bioaccumulation assays for oligochaetes and chironomid larvae. Stable isotope data suggested that the source of carbon to the food web was relatively constant. Food web samples of emerging insects, fish, and spiders revealed that the PCBs in Campus Lake were bioavailable and the pattern of the PCB signature among food web components followed typical food web processes. The PCB congener pattern was consistent between emergent midges and spiders demonstrating the transfer of PCBs from aquatic to terrestrial species. The PCB concentrations detected in emerging insects from the contaminated area were on average 25 times greater than those detected in emerging insects from reference sites outside the area of greatest sediment contamination. High PCB concentrations found in several species of fish suggested that despite the localized sediment contamination, fish throughout the lake were exposed. These levels also exceeded the fish consumption advisory criteria. The PCB pattern comparisons suggested that the contaminated sediment was the source of exposure throughout the food web. This approach identified the scope of exposure to organisms, demonstrated bioavailability, and provided a basis for future PCB remediation and subsequent monitoring of Campus Lake. In comparison to studies focused solely on limited sampling of fish for consumption advisory purposes, this approach demonstrated the importance of more comprehensive studies to examine the range of ecosystem exposure even from very limited contamination sources.
Download or read book PCB in Water written by Water Resources Scientific Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Marine Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Sunken Ships written by Charles N. Wendt and published by . This book was released on 1996-12-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, the U.S. Navy has routinely conducted SINKing EXercises (SINKEX) for training, weapon effectiveness tests, and economic disposal of aging assets. Recent concern over polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) chemicals aboard such target vessels has resulted in a suspension of SINKEX. The U.S. Navy has approximately 200 vessels currently requiring such disposal. Environmental legislation and health concerns preclude selling such vessels to foreign governments or scrapping. This work attempted to model the fate and transport of these PCBs by examining their transport to coastal water and their accumulation in the marine food chain. The model includes biodegradation, upwelling, partitioning of PCBs to sediment, sediment transport, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and biological migration. Seasonal fluctuations in marine biomass and storm activity and how this affects PCB concentrations is also examined. The model uses a four trophic level approach for the marine food chain. A total of 55 runs, each simulating a 50 year period, were conducted. Model output and subsequent sensitivity analysis of parameters indicate that the potential for adverse impact to the marine ecosystem is minimal.
Download or read book Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compound and Metal Contamination and Remediation in Torch Lake Houghton County MI written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Torch Lake was subject to approximately 100 years of industrial pollution due to the dumping of waste associated with copper mining in the Keweenaw Peninsula, which lasted from approximately the 1860s through the 1960s. It is well-known that this waste included copper-containing mine tailings. What was less understood are the impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals besides copper on the lake system. The objectives of this thesis are to summarize the status of contamination and remediation activities in Torch Lake and to estimate the magnitude of potential sources of PCBs to Torch Lake. First, a brief overview of the history and problems at Torch Lake is provided. Next, the activities that generated the metals contamination and the impact of the dumping of mine tailings into the lake are described. Then, the history of remediation activities at Torch Lake is summarized. These two historical summaries provide context for the analysis of heavy metals and PCBs in Torch Lake. Following that is an analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metal observations and occurrence of criteria concentration exceedances. Finally, an analysis of the contamination of Torch Lake by polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCBs) is performed, in which evidence for possible local and ongoing sources of PCBs to Torch Lake is presented. Analysis of metals in Torch Lake revealed two major findings: 1) that the western shoreline is not safe for development, and 2) that a more effective remediation method for the shoreline soils and lake sediment should be considered. The western shoreline is not safe for residential development because arsenic, and lead are present in the soil at concentrations that are considered harmful to humans. Many of the concentrations of the metals in sediment are above the Threshold Effect Concentrations, which implies that the vegetated soil caps along the shoreline are failing to achieve one of the goals of their creation. . The possible failure of vegetated soil caps and natural sedimentation suggest that a more effective remediation method is necessary. Evidence points to the existence of a local and possibly ongoing source of PCBs in Torch Lake. This is inferred from several facts. Concentrations of PCBs in water and fish from Torch Lake are higher than concentrations found in water and fish from other area lakes. The location of concentrations of PCBs above detection limits in sediment, soil and groundwater, compared to the locations of historical industrial buildings, indicate that a source of PCBs to Torch Lake besides atmospheric (re)deposition does exist. A possible ongoing source of PCBs to Torch Lake was inferred from comparison of mass balance modeled concentrations to SPMD-estimated concentrations of dissolved PCBs. The mass-balance-modeled concentrations of PCBs in Torch Lake were lower than the SPMD-estimated concentrations, which implies that an input of PCBs to the lake exists which has not yet been identified. In addition, over time, the concentrations of PCBs in fish caught in Torch Lake remain higher than fish caught in Huron Bay (a waterbody assumed to be subject only to PCB contamination from atmospheric (re)deposition). This thesis demonstrates the advantage gained from examining the transport and transformations of chemicals in an environmental system when determining remedial action on that system. It is demonstrated that it is important to understand how a chemical can be transported before choosing a method of remediation for that chemical. It is shown that one cannot simply infer that because concentrations of a chemical in one medium are low, that it cannot cause high concentrations of that same chemical in another medium. This thesis also demonstrates how examining the historical activities of a site can be used to help predict the type, location and extent of contamination, especially when combined with examining the behavior of the chemicals involved. This thesis is a case study of how remediation policy should be re-examined to become more effective.
Download or read book Bioaccumulation of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Des W. Connell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the very few - if not only - books written exclusively related to this topic. This book comprehensively outlines the principles governing the accumulation of chemicals from the environment by organisms. Packed with tables and diagrams, this work reviews the experimental data available on both terrestrial and aquatic systems. It describes methods which are used to predict bioaccumulation of chemicals from their physicochemical properties. It also reviews environmental and other factors influencing bioaccumulation. This text also includes previously unpublished theoretical explanations of several bioaccumulation processes, including food chain biomagnification. Information in this exceptional volume is useful to government officials involved with environmental management, chemists, biologists, consultants working with chemical waste control, researchers, and graduate students.
Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Mercury written by Guangliang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. The coverage discusses the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on organisms, including humans, and provides case studies at the end of each chapter. Bringing together information normally spread across several books, this text is unique in covering the entire mercury cycle and providing a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling.
Download or read book Polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic invertebrates and fish and observations about nitrogen and carbon isotope composition in relation to trophic structure and bioaccumulation patterns Lake Worth and Meandering Road Creek Fort Worth Texas 2007 08 written by James Bruce Moring and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioaccumulation and Competative sic Uptake of Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCB in Select Aquatic Organisms written by Gary Lee Rodabaugh and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health written by Geneviève M. Carr and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
Download or read book Marine Ecotoxicology written by Julián Blasco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world's oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. - Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments - Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives - Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments - Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
