Download or read book Binary Quadratic Forms written by Duncan A. Buell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first coherent exposition of the theory of binary quadratic forms was given by Gauss in the Disqnisitiones Arithmeticae. During the nine teenth century, as the theory of ideals and the rudiments of algebraic number theory were developed, it became clear that this theory of bi nary quadratic forms, so elementary and computationally explicit, was indeed just a special case of a much more elega,nt and abstract theory which, unfortunately, is not computationally explicit. In recent years the original theory has been laid aside. Gauss's proofs, which involved brute force computations that can be done in what is essentially a two dimensional vector space, have been dropped in favor of n-dimensional arguments which prove the general theorems of algebraic number the ory. In consequence, this elegant, yet pleasantly simple, theory has been neglected even as some of its results have become extremely useful in certain computations. I find this neglect unfortunate, because binary quadratic forms have two distinct attractions. First, the subject involves explicit computa tion and many of the computer programs can be quite simple. The use of computers in experimenting with examples is both meaningful and enjoyable; one can actually discover interesting results by com puting examples, noticing patterns in the "data," and then proving that the patterns result from the conclusion of some provable theorem.
Download or read book Binary Quadratic Forms written by Johannes Buchmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with algorithmic problems related to binary quadratic forms. It uniquely focuses on the algorithmic aspects of the theory. The book introduces the reader to important areas of number theory such as diophantine equations, reduction theory of quadratic forms, geometry of numbers and algebraic number theory. The book explains applications to cryptography and requires only basic mathematical knowledge. The author is a world leader in number theory.
Download or read book Rational Quadratic Forms written by J. W. S. Cassels and published by Courier Dover Publications. This book was released on 2008-08-08 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of quadratic forms over rational numbers and rational integers offers elementary introduction. Covers quadratic forms over local fields, forms with integral coefficients, reduction theory for definite forms, more. 1968 edition.
Download or read book The Algebraic and Geometric Theory of Quadratic Forms written by Richard S. Elman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2008-07-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive study of the algebraic theory of quadratic forms, from classical theory to recent developments, including results and proofs that have never been published. The book is written from the viewpoint of algebraic geometry and includes the theory of quadratic forms over fields of characteristic two, with proofs that are characteristic independent whenever possible. For some results both classical and geometric proofs are given. Part I includes classical algebraic theory of quadratic and bilinear forms and answers many questions that have been raised in the early stages of the development of the theory. Assuming only a basic course in algebraic geometry, Part II presents the necessary additional topics from algebraic geometry including the theory of Chow groups, Chow motives, and Steenrod operations. These topics are used in Part III to develop a modern geometric theory of quadratic forms.
Download or read book Primes of the Form X2 Ny2 written by David A. Cox and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1989 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern number theory began with the work of Euler and Gauss to understand and extend the many unsolved questions left behind by Fermat. In the course of their investigations, they uncovered new phenomena in need of explanation, which over time led to the discovery of class field theory and its intimate connection with complex multiplication. While most texts concentrate on only the elementary or advanced aspects of this story, Primes of the Form x2 + ny2 begins with Fermat and explains how his work ultimately gave birth to quadratic reciprocity and the genus theory of quadratic forms. Further, the book shows how the results of Euler and Gauss can be fully understood only in the context of class field theory. Finally, in order to bring class field theory down to earth, the book explores some of the magnificent formulas of complex multiplication. The central theme of the book is the story of which primes p can be expressed in the form x2 + ny2. An incomplete answer is given using quadratic forms. A better though abstract answer comes from class field theory, and finally, a concrete answer is provided by complex multiplication. Along the way, the reader is introduced to some wonderful number theory. Numerous exercises and examples are included. The book is written to be enjoyed by readers with modest mathematical backgrounds. Chapter 1 uses basic number theory and abstract algebra, while chapters 2 and 3 require Galois theory and complex analysis, respectively.
Download or read book Quadratic Forms and Their Applications written by Eva Bayer-Fluckiger and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the proceedings of the conference on "Quadratic Forms and Their Applications" held at University College Dublin. It includes survey articles and research papers ranging from applications in topology and geometry to the algebraic theory of quadratic forms and its history. Various aspects of the use of quadratic forms in algebra, analysis, topology, geometry, and number theory are addressed. Special features include the first published proof of the Conway-Schneeberger Fifteen Theorem on integer-valued quadratic forms and the first English-language biography of Ernst Witt, founder of the theory of quadratic forms.
Download or read book An Illustrated Theory of Numbers written by Martin H. Weissman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: News about this title: — Author Marty Weissman has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for 2020. (Learn more here.) — Selected as a 2018 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title — 2018 PROSE Awards Honorable Mention An Illustrated Theory of Numbers gives a comprehensive introduction to number theory, with complete proofs, worked examples, and exercises. Its exposition reflects the most recent scholarship in mathematics and its history. Almost 500 sharp illustrations accompany elegant proofs, from prime decomposition through quadratic reciprocity. Geometric and dynamical arguments provide new insights, and allow for a rigorous approach with less algebraic manipulation. The final chapters contain an extended treatment of binary quadratic forms, using Conway's topograph to solve quadratic Diophantine equations (e.g., Pell's equation) and to study reduction and the finiteness of class numbers. Data visualizations introduce the reader to open questions and cutting-edge results in analytic number theory such as the Riemann hypothesis, boundedness of prime gaps, and the class number 1 problem. Accompanying each chapter, historical notes curate primary sources and secondary scholarship to trace the development of number theory within and outside the Western tradition. Requiring only high school algebra and geometry, this text is recommended for a first course in elementary number theory. It is also suitable for mathematicians seeking a fresh perspective on an ancient subject.
Download or read book The Algebraic Theory of Quadratic Forms written by Tsit-Yuen Lam and published by Addison-Wesley. This book was released on 1980 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quaternion Algebras written by John Voight and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook presents a comprehensive treatment of the arithmetic theory of quaternion algebras and orders, a subject with applications in diverse areas of mathematics. Written to be accessible and approachable to the graduate student reader, this text collects and synthesizes results from across the literature. Numerous pathways offer explorations in many different directions, while the unified treatment makes this book an essential reference for students and researchers alike. Divided into five parts, the book begins with a basic introduction to the noncommutative algebra underlying the theory of quaternion algebras over fields, including the relationship to quadratic forms. An in-depth exploration of the arithmetic of quaternion algebras and orders follows. The third part considers analytic aspects, starting with zeta functions and then passing to an idelic approach, offering a pathway from local to global that includes strong approximation. Applications of unit groups of quaternion orders to hyperbolic geometry and low-dimensional topology follow, relating geometric and topological properties to arithmetic invariants. Arithmetic geometry completes the volume, including quaternionic aspects of modular forms, supersingular elliptic curves, and the moduli of QM abelian surfaces. Quaternion Algebras encompasses a vast wealth of knowledge at the intersection of many fields. Graduate students interested in algebra, geometry, and number theory will appreciate the many avenues and connections to be explored. Instructors will find numerous options for constructing introductory and advanced courses, while researchers will value the all-embracing treatment. Readers are assumed to have some familiarity with algebraic number theory and commutative algebra, as well as the fundamentals of linear algebra, topology, and complex analysis. More advanced topics call upon additional background, as noted, though essential concepts and motivation are recapped throughout.
Download or read book Quadratic Irrationals written by Franz Halter-Koch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quadratic Irrationals: An Introduction to Classical Number Theory gives a unified treatment of the classical theory of quadratic irrationals. Presenting the material in a modern and elementary algebraic setting, the author focuses on equivalence, continued fractions, quadratic characters, quadratic orders, binary quadratic forms, and class groups.T
Download or read book Algebraic Theory of Quadratic Numbers written by Mak Trifković and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By focusing on quadratic numbers, this advanced undergraduate or master’s level textbook on algebraic number theory is accessible even to students who have yet to learn Galois theory. The techniques of elementary arithmetic, ring theory and linear algebra are shown working together to prove important theorems, such as the unique factorization of ideals and the finiteness of the ideal class group. The book concludes with two topics particular to quadratic fields: continued fractions and quadratic forms. The treatment of quadratic forms is somewhat more advanced than usual, with an emphasis on their connection with ideal classes and a discussion of Bhargava cubes. The numerous exercises in the text offer the reader hands-on computational experience with elements and ideals in quadratic number fields. The reader is also asked to fill in the details of proofs and develop extra topics, like the theory of orders. Prerequisites include elementary number theory and a basic familiarity with ring theory.
Download or read book Quaternion Orders Quadratic Forms and Shimura Curves written by Montserrat Alsina and Pilar Bayer and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shimura curves are a far-reaching generalization of the classical modular curves. They lie at the crossroads of many areas, including complex analysis, hyperbolic geometry, algebraic geometry, algebra, and arithmetic. This monograph presents Shimura curves from a theoretical and algorithmic perspective. The main topics are Shimura curves defined over the rational number field, the construction of their fundamental domains, and the determination of their complex multiplication points. The study of complex multiplication points in Shimura curves leads to the study of families of binary quadratic forms with algebraic coefficients and to their classification by arithmetic Fuchsian groups. In this regard, the authors develop a theory full of new possibilities that parallels Gauss' theory on the classification of binary quadratic forms with integral coefficients by the action of the modular group. This is one of the few available books explaining the theory of Shimura curves at the graduate student level. Each topic covered in the book begins with a theoretical discussion followed by carefully worked-out examples, preparing the way for further research. Titles in this series are co-published with the Centre de Recherches Mathématiques.
Download or read book The Sensual quadratic Form written by John Horton Conway and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Horton Conway's unique approach to quadratic forms was the subject of the Hedrick Lectures that he gave in August of 1991 at the Joint Meetings of the Mathematical Association of America and the American Mathematical Society in Orono, Maine. This book presents the substance of those lectures. The book should not be thought of as a serious textbook on the theory of quadratic forms. It consists rather of a number of essays on particular aspects of quadratic forms that have interested the author. The lectures are self-contained and will be accessible to the generally informed reader who has no particular background in quadratic form theory. The minor exceptions should not interrupt the flow of ideas. The afterthoughts to the lectures contain discussion of related matters that occasionally presuppose greater knowledge.
Download or read book Classical Theory of Algebraic Numbers written by Paulo Ribenboim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exposition of the classical theory of algebraic numbers is clear and thorough, and there is a large number of exercises as well as worked out numerical examples. A careful study of this book will provide a solid background to the learning of more recent topics.
Download or read book Lectures on Number Theory written by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lectures on Number Theory is the first of its kind on the subject matter. It covers most of the topics that are standard in a modern first course on number theory, but also includes Dirichlet's famous results on class numbers and primes in arithmetic progressions.
Download or read book Arithmetic and Analytic Theories of Quadratic Forms and Clifford Groups written by Goro Shimura and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2014-05-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, award-winning author Goro Shimura treats new areas and presents relevant expository material in a clear and readable style. Topics include Witt's theorem and the Hasse principle on quadratic forms, algebraic theory of Clifford algebras, spin groups, and spin representations. He also includes some basic results not readily found elsewhere. The two principle themes are: (1) Quadratic Diophantine equations; (2) Euler products and Eisenstein series on orthogonal groups and Clifford groups. The starting point of the first theme is the result of Gauss that the number of primitive representations of an integer as the sum of three squares is essentially the class number of primitive binary quadratic forms. Presented are a generalization of this fact for arbitrary quadratic forms over algebraic number fields and various applications. For the second theme, the author proves the existence of the meromorphic continuation of a Euler product associated with a Hecke eigenform on a Clifford or an orthogonal group. The same is done for an Eisenstein series on such a group. Beyond familiarity with algebraic number theory, the book is mostly self-contained. Several standard facts are stated with references for detailed proofs. Goro Shimura won the 1996 Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement for "his important and extensive work on arithmetical geometry and automorphic forms".
Download or read book Topics in Classical Automorphic Forms written by Henryk Iwaniec and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses various perspectives of the theory of automorphic forms drawn from the author's notes from a Rutgers University graduate course. In addition to detailed and often nonstandard treatment of familiar theoretical topics, the author also gives special attention to such subjects as theta- functions and representatives by quadratic forms. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
