Download or read book Bidirectional Gene Promoters written by Fumiaki Uchiumi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-25 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies in human genetics and in silico analyses have revealed that a number of genes are head-head orientated with other genes or non-coding RNAs. The expression of regulatory element-containing 5'-upstream regions of gene pairs are referred to as bi-directional promoters and are thought to have a key role in biological regulatory mechanisms. For example, tumor suppressor protein-encoding TP53 and BRCA1 genes are head-head bound with WRAP53 and NBR2, respectively. DNA-repair factor-encoding ATM and PRKDC (DNA-PKcs) genes have bidirectional partner NPAT and MCM4, respectively. Surveillance of the human DNA database has revealed that the numbers of DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are bound with other genes that are transcribed to opposite direction. The observations may encourage us to investigate in the molecular mechanisms how DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are regulated by bidirectional promoters. Not only protein-coding genes, but also quite a few ncRNAs, which play important roles in various cellular events, are transcribed under the regulation of the bidirectional promoters. More importantly, we know that dysregulation in the promoter activity and transcription initiation of genes might cause human diseases. - Provides an overview of the process of transcription - Explains why there so many bidirectional promoters present in human genomes - Covers how the diverse biological functions of (non-coding RNAs) ncRNAs are controlled
Download or read book CpG Island associated Bidirectional Promoter and Gene Pair at the Mouse Dihydrofolate Reductase Locus written by Jong-Young Jeffrey Yen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Download or read book Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non coding Elements written by Lucy W. Barrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as “junk DNA”, it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.
Download or read book Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine written by Roberto Scatena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are far more than the “powerhouse” of the cell as they have classically been described. In fact, mitochondria biological activities have progressively expanded to include not only various bioenergetic processes but also important biosynthetic pathways, calcium homeostasis and thermogenesis, cell death by apoptosis, several different signal transduction pathways mainly related to redox control of gene expression and so on. This functional and structural complexity may undergo important derangements so to justify the definition of ‘mitochondrial medicine’, which should include all the clinical consequences of congenital or acquired mitochondrial dysfunctions. There are actually a growing number of studies which assign a significant pathogenic role to damaged mitochondria in different diseases: ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer with its dramatic sequelae (i.e, metastasis), metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemias, just to mention a few of the most important pathologies. In this context, a further aspect that should not be disregarded is the interaction of pharmacological agents with mitochondria, not only in regard of the toxicological aspects but, above all, of the potential therapeutic applications. In fact, it is interesting to note that, while the properties of different so-called “mitoxicants” are well-known, the subtle linkages between drugs and mitochondria is still in need of a real pharmacological and therapeutic control at the clinical level. This lack of consideration can often lead to an underestimation of unwanted toxic effects but also of desirable therapeutic activities. A reevaluation of the potential clinical role of mitochondria could give a new light on some yet obscure aspects of human pathophysiology.
Download or read book The Dictionary of Genomics Transcriptomics and Proteomics written by Guenter Kahl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 2742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its fifth edition and for the first time available as an electronic product with all entries cross-linked. This very successful long-seller has once again been thoroughly updated and greatly expanded. It now contains over 13,000 entries, and comprehensively covering genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Each entry contains an extensive explanation, including a comprehensive listing of synonyms and acronyms, and all formulas have been redrawn to create a uniform style, while most of the figures are custom designed for this dictionary. The ultimate reference for all terms in the -omics fields.
Download or read book Human Gene Evolution written by David Neil Cooper and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-03 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the principles of human gene evolution in a concise and easy to understand fashion. Uses examples of how evolutionary processes have molded present day genes, drawn from the evolution of humans and other primates, as well as from more primitive organisms. With increasing attention in this expanding area, this review forms a timely publication of our current knowledge of this important field. Structure and function in the human genome The evolution of gene structure Mutational mechanisms in evolution
Download or read book Enhancers and Promoters written by Tilman Borggrefe and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains cutting-edge techniques to study the function of enhancers and promoters in depth. Chapters are divided into six sections and describe enhancer-promoter transcripts, nucleosome occupancy, DNA accessibility, chromatin interactions, protein-DNA interactions, functional analyses, and DNA methylation assays. Written in the Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include comprehensive introductions, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and useful suggestions for troubleshooting. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Enhancers and Promoters: Methods and Protocols is a useful guide for future experiments.
Download or read book Studies of H7 Gene Function and Regulation of Its Expression by a Bidirectional Promoter in Dictyostelium Discoideum written by Qiong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Melatonin in Plants written by Haitao Shi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic focuses on distribution, synthesis, metabolism, and the in vivo roles of melatonin in plants, with 1 editorial, 3 reviews, 21 original research studies and 1 corrigendum.
Download or read book Advances in DNA Repair written by Clark Chen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book edition is intended to provide a concise summary for select topics in DNA repair, a field that is ever-expanding in complexity and biologic significance. The topics reviewed ranged from fundamental mechanisms of DNA repair to the interface between DNA repair and a spectrum on cellular process to the clinical relevance of DNA repair in oncologic paradigms. The information in this text should provide a foundation from which one can explore the various topics in depth. The book serve as a supplementary text in seminar courses with focus on DNA repair as well as a general reference for scholars with an interest in DNA repair.
Download or read book Proceedings of RBMP 2018 Plant Molecular Biology written by Oscar Lorenzo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcription and Splicing written by B. D. Hames and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a co-ordinated review of our present knowledge of eukaryotic RNA synthesis.
Download or read book Recoding Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Download or read book Bioinformatics Research and Applications written by Ion Măndoiu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-26 with total page 1331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications, ISBRA 2007, held in Atlanta, GA, USA in May 2007. The 55 revised full papers presented together with three invited talks cover a wide range of topics, including clustering and classification, gene expression analysis, gene networks, genome analysis, motif finding, pathways, protein structure prediction, protein domain interactions, phylogenetics, and software tools.
Download or read book DNA Repair written by Inna Kruman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book consists of 31 chapters, divided into six parts. Each chapter is written by one or several experts in the corresponding area. The scope of the book varies from the DNA damage response and DNA repair mechanisms to evolutionary aspects of DNA repair, providing a snapshot of current understanding of the DNA repair processes. A collection of articles presented by active and laboratory-based investigators provides a clear understanding of the recent advances in the field of DNA repair.
Download or read book Human Gene Evolution written by M. Prakash and published by Discovery Publishing House. This book was released on 2007 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Entrepreneurship and Small Scale Industry, Design of the Study, Socio- Economic Origins of Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Motivation, Promotion of Enterprise, Performance and Problems, Conclusions and Suggestions.
