Download or read book International Influence Beyond Conditionality written by Rachel A. Epstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Union’s (EU) membership conditionality has been perceived as a highly effective means of influence on non-member states in the run-up to the 2004 and 2007 enlargements. According to the incentive-based explanation that dominates the literature, conditionality has been particularly effective when the EU offered a credible membership incentive and when governments did not consider the domestic costs of compliance threatening to their hold on power. This volume challenges much of the existing work on EU enlargement and postcommunist transition, however, by testing the conditionality thesis in the post-accession setting. Whereas a conditionality hypothesis would predict deteriorating compliance among the newest member states, several contributions here actually find the opposite. Enduring compliance among postcommunist states with the acquis, as well as with less formally institutionalized EU preferences for economic liberalization and minority protection, calls into question the role that conditionality plays in eliciting conformity. Simultaneously, support for the conditionality hypothesis in areas such as political party development and EU relations with Turkey and the western Balkans suggests conditionality’s effects vary across countries and issues. As the first study to systematically examine the relationship between international institutions and postcommunist states after enlargement, this volume provides new insights into how external actors exercise their power in domestic politics. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Public Policy.

Download or read book Beyond International Conditionality written by Edgar Dobos and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has shown great changes in the accommodation of minority communities into South-East European and Central European countries. New measures and instruments adopted in these countries often rely on international standards and on the recommendations of international organisations. A new phase of EU conditionality policy has been developed towards SEE countries aspiring to EU membership. Besides the conditionality policy of international organisations - the Council of Europe and EU membership policy -, in the case of Kosovo and Macedonia the intervention of international bodies had a direct influence on domestic policies towards minorities. New bodies of minority self-governments, of elected and non-elected consultative bodies and new solutions for their parliamentary representation have emerged. This book addresses these issues by offering an analysis of different forms of 'effective participation' for minorities in public life, the effects of European integration and detailed case studies of the different models adopted by these states.

Download or read book EU Influence Beyond Conditionality written by Mario Zucconi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an in-depth analysis of the role played by the EU accession process in Turkey’s democratic evolution and in the empowerment of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the early 2000s. Often moving against the grain of consolidated analytical positions, the author finds that the accession process can have a critical impact on the political evolution and institutional setting of an aspiring member state that goes well beyond the simple Europeanization process (or EU accession conditionality). In the case of Turkey, that process created the essential conditions and environment for the country’s political modernization by helping the emergence of a “periphery” (including Kurds, “conservative” Muslims and non-Muslims) that secularism had pushed into a marginal, secondary status in Turkish society. Turkey’s gradual evolution in an authoritarian direction, following the stalling of the EU accession process, offers further proof of the decisive role that the EU accession can play in a country’s democratic advancement. The book additionally indicates how Turkey’s EU-driven democratic evolution for a number of years had important implications in terms of regional and global order.

Download or read book Political Conditionality written by Georg Sorensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political conditionality involves the linking of development aid to certain standards of observance of human rights and (liberal) democracy in recipient countries. Although this may seem to be an innocent policy, it has the potential to bring about a dramatic change in the basic principles of the international system: putting human rights first means putting respect for individuals and rights before respect for the sovereignty of states.

Download or read book Beyond International Trusteeship written by Stefano Recchia and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dayton Peace Agreement on Bosnia successfully ended the war in late 1995. However, the price for peace was an extremely weak and dysfunctional postwar state that would probably not have survived without substantial international support over the following decade. This paper argues that things have begun to visibly change on the ground in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) only with the emergence of the EU as the main international peacebuilding actor in more recent years, and notably since 2003. The EU's increased peacebuilding role in BiH, carried out within the framework of the European Security Strategy, has allowed for critical progress towards making Bosnia's common state institutions increasingly self-sustaining. There is no doubt that the potential does now exist to turn postwar Bosnia into a sustainable multi-ethnic democracy. The central hypothesis developed in this paper is that since 2003 EU conditionality has increasingly become a viable alternative to international trusteeship in BiH. This is because conditionality has begun to be assertively communicated by the 'double-hatted' High Representative/European Union Special Representative (HR/EUSR) on the ground and is now clearly linked to the perspective of EU membership. There is evidence that difficult political, administrative and economic reforms have been recently adopted by BiH authorities in compliance with EU conditionality, crucially without straightforward international imposition. But this paper also argues that EU peacebuilders need to further improve their strategic effectiveness and political coordination on the ground, to support continuing reform in BiH once the Office of the High Representative (OHR) is closed down, possibly by late 2007.

Download or read book Beyond the Established Legal Orders written by Malcolm Evans and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lively debate on the constitutionalisation of the international legal order has emerged in recent years. A similar debate has also taken place within the European Union. This book complements that debate, exploring the underlying realities that the moves towards constitutionalism seek to address. It does this by focusing on the substantive interconnections that the EU has developed over the years with the rest of the world, and assesses the practical impact these have both in the development of its legal order as well as in the international community. Based on papers delivered at the bi-annual EU/International Law Forum organised by the University of Bristol in March 2009, this collection of essays examines policy areas of economic governance (trade, financial services, migration, environment), political governance (human rights, criminal law, responses to financing terrorism), security governance (counter-terrorism, use of force, non-proliferation), and the issue of the emergence of European and global values. How are these areas shaped by the interaction between EU law and other legal orders and polities? In what ways does the EU impact on other transnational legal systems? And how are its own rules and principles shaped by such systems? These questions are addressed in the light of the specific legal and political context within which the EU pursues its policies by interacting with the rest of the world.

Download or read book Beyond US H25 10 2016egemony in International Development written by Jiajun Xu and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential background on China's bid for increasing influence over the US hegemonic architecture of international financial institutions.

Download or read book Beyond compliance written by Ann E. Kent and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensively researched study of Chinese participation in international organisations, this book argues that the record of China's international behaviour since the 1970s indicates the long-term effectiveness of the multilateral system.

Download or read book IMF Conditionality written by John Williamson and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1983 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-one contributions in this book assess the controversy surrounding the Fund and provide judgments about the criteria for Fund lending which should help readers understand and analyze both its ongoing role in smoothing adjustment to international payments imbalances and its currently critical position in responding to the debt crisis.

Download or read book In Pursuit of Liberalism written by Rachel A. Epstein and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-09-29 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though the fall of the Soviet Union opened the way for states in central and eastern Europe to join the world of market-oriented Western democracies, the expected transitions have not been as easy, common, or smooth as sometimes perceived. Rachel A. Epstein investigates how liberal ideas and practices are embedded in transitioning societies and finds that success or failure depends largely on creating a social context in which incentives held out by international institutions are viewed as symbols of an emerging Western identity in the affected country. Epstein first explains how a liberal worldview and institutions like the European Union, World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization go hand-in-hand and why Western nations assume that a broad and incremental program of incentives to join will encourage formerly authoritarian states to reform their political and economic systems. Using Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Ukraine as case studies, she demonstrates the limits of conditionality in the face of national social perceptions and elucidates the three key points around which a consensus within the state must emerge before international institutions can expect liberalization: domestic officials must be uncertain about how changing policies will affect their interests; the status of international and domestic institutions must not be in jeopardy; and the proposed polices must seem credible. In making her case, Epstein cleverly bridges the gap between the rationalist and constructivist schools of thought. Offering new data on and fresh interpretations of reforming central bank policies, privatizing banks with foreign capital, democratizing civil-military relations, and denationalizing defense policy, In Pursuit of Liberalism extends well beyond the scope of previous book-length studies.

Download or read book Beyond Behaviour Change written by Fiona Spotswood and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A desire to change behavior--getting people to eat better, approach child discipline differently, or even just take the bus--is at the root of a lot of social and social welfare programs. But the question of how we can bring about effective, lasting changes in behavior is a complicated one, drawing together a range of academic disciplines and fields of social research. This book explores the political and historical landscape of behavior change, covering political ideology, trends in academic theory, and new innovations in practice and research. In addition, it examines priorities that have become central to thinking in the field, such as ways of evaluating success and measuring return on investment.

Download or read book EU Human Rights International Investment Law and Participation written by Vivian Kube and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how human rights obligations of the EU foreign constitution can be operationalized in the realm of international economic regulation. The content is divided into three major parts. The first outlines the legal foundations needed for the EU to become a shaper of international investment law, which include the general principles and objectives of EU external policies, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, international human rights and the international investment competences of the EU. The second part demonstrates the current international investment regime’s incompatibility with human rights interests, while the third analyzes two mechanisms stemming from trade Law – ex-ante human rights impact assessments and civil society monitoring bodies – and explores whether they could mitigate the current inequalities in the protection of rights. The potential of these mechanisms, the book argues, lies in their capacity to ensure a comprehensive assessment of all interests at stake, and to empower traditionally marginalized rights-holders to make, shape and contest the international investment regime.

Download or read book Development Beyond Neoliberalism written by David Alan Craig and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development’s current focus – poverty reduction and good governance – signals a turn away from the older neoliberal preoccupation with structural adjustment, privatization and downsizing the state. For some, the new emphases on empowering and securing the poor through basic service delivery, local partnership, decentralization and institution building constitute a decisive break with the past and a whole set of new development possibilities beyond neoliberalism. Taking a wider historical perspective, this book charts the emergence of poverty reduction and governance at the centre of development. It shows that the Poverty Reduction paradigm does indeed mark a shift in the wider liberal project that has underpinned development: precisely what is new, and what this means for how the poor are governed, are described here in detail. This book provides a compelling history of development doctrine and practice, and in particular offers the first comprehensive account of the last twenty years, and development’s shift towards a new political economy of institution building, decentralized governance and local partnerships. The story is illustrated with extensive case studies from first hand experience in Vietnam, Uganda, Pakistan and New Zealand.

Download or read book Beyond Networks Interlocutory Coalitions the European and Global Legal Orders written by Gianluca Sgueo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the activism promoted by organised networks of civil society actors in opening up possibilities for more democratic supranational governance. It examines the positive and negative impact that such networks of civil society actors – named “interlocutory coalitions” – may have on the convergence of principles of administrative governance across the European legal system and other supranational legal systems. The book takes two main controversial aspects into account: the first relates to the convergence between administrative rules pertaining to different supranational regulatory systems. Traditionally, the spread of methods of administrative governance has been depicted primarily against the background of the interactions between the domestic and the supranational arena, both from a top-down and bottom-up perspective. However, the exploration of interactions occurring at the supranational level between legal regimes is still not grounded on adequate empirical evidence. The second controversial aspect considered in this book consists of the role of civil society actors operating at the supranational level. In its discussion of the first aspect, the book focuses on the relations between the European administrative law and the administrative principles of law pertaining to other supranational regulatory regimes and regulators, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Asian Development Bank, and the Council of Europe. The examination of the second aspect involves the exploration of the still little examined, but crucial, role of civil society organised networks in shaping global administrative law. These “interlocutory coalitions” include NGOs, think tanks, foundations, universities, and occasionally activists with no formal connections to civil society organisations. The book describes such interlocutory coalitions as drivers of harmonized principles of participatory democracy at the European and global levels. However, interlocutory coalitions show a number of tensions (e.g. the governability of coalitions, the competition among them) that may hamper the impact they have on the reconfiguration of individuals’ rights, entitlements and responsibilities in the global arena.

Download or read book EU Anti Discrimination Law Beyond Gender written by Uladzislau Belavusau and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU has slowly but surely developed a solid body of equality law that prohibits different facets of discrimination. While the Union had initially developed anti-discrimination norms that served only the commercial rationale of the common market, focusing on nationality (of a Member State) and gender as protected grounds, the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) supplied five additional prohibited grounds of discrimination to the EU legislative palette, in line with a much broader egalitarian rationale. In 2000, two EU Equality Directives followed, one focusing on race and ethnic origin, the other covering the remaining four grounds introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam, namely religion, sexual orientation, disabilities and age. Eighteen years after the adoption of the watershed Equality Directives, it seems timely to dedicate a book to their limits and prospects, to look at the progress made, and to revisit the rise of EU anti-discrimination law beyond gender. This volume sets out to capture the striking developments and shortcomings that have taken place in the interpretation of relevant EU secondary law. Firstly, the book unfolds an up-to-date systematic reappraisal of the five 'newer' grounds of discrimination, which have so far received mostly fragmented coverage. Secondly, and more generally, the volume captures how and to what extent the Equality Directives have enabled or, at times, prevented the Court of Justice of the European Union from developing even broader and more refined anti-discrimination jurisprudence. Thus, the book offers a glimpse into the past, present and – it is hoped – future of EU anti-discrimination law as, despite all the flaws in the Union's 'Garden of Earthly Delights', it offers one of the highest standards of protection in comparative anti-discrimination law.

Download or read book EU Law Beyond EU Borders written by Marise Cremona and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the impact of EU law beyond its own borders, the use of law as a powerful instrument of EU external action, and some of the normative challenges this poses. The phenomenon of EU law operating beyond its borders, which may be termed its 'global reach', includes the extraterritorial application of EU law, territorial extension, and the so-called 'Brussels Effect' resulting from unilateral legislative and regulatory action, but also includes the impact of the EU's bilateral relationships, and its engagement with multilateral fora and the negotiation of international legal instruments. The book maps this phenomenon across a range of policy fields, including the environment, the internet and data protection, banking and financial markets, competition policy, and migration. It argues that in looking beyond the undoubtedly important instrumental function of law we can start to identify the ways in which law shapes the EU's external identity and its relations with other legal regimes, both enabling and constraining the EU's external action.

Download or read book Beyond Global Crisis written by Terrence Edward Paupp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, Terrence Paupp critically describes the various dimensions of today's global crisis. Among other things, this volume analyzes nuclear weapons proliferation climate change, and international lawlessness in the form of wars of aggression. Paupp argues that much human conflict and environmental degradation is the direct consequence of poverty and inequality. Until these issues are addressed, many of the world's problems will remain. Paupp asserts that around the world, peoples and nations are becoming more open to a strategy and culture of peace that evolves through discovering a commonality of interests, the value of mutual cooperation, and the desirability of forging consensus. By using various road maps and remedies supplied by noted Japanese peace activist Daisaku Ikeda and his contemporaries, viable solutions will emerge. In this new endeavor, equipped with some of the proposed solutions and strategies that this book provides, humanity will collectively become engaged in remaking the character of global governance in order to build a global culture of peace.