Download or read book Benchmarking Shielding Simulations for an Accelerator driven Spallation Neutron Source written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shielding at an accelerator-driven spallation neutron facility plays a critical role in the performance of the neutron scattering instruments, the overall safety, and the total cost of the facility. Accurate simulation of shielding components is thus key for the design of upcoming facilities, such as the European Spallation Source (ESS), currently in construction in Lund, Sweden. In this paper, we present a comparative study between the measured and the simulated neutron background at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (SINQ), at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland. The measurements were carried out at several positions along the SINQ monolith wall with the neutron dosimeter WENDI-2, which has a well-characterized response up to 5 GeV. The simulations were performed using the Monte-Carlo radiation transport code Geant4, and include a complete transport from the proton beam to the measurement locations in a single calculation. An agreement between measurements and simulations is about a factor of 2 for the points where the measured radiation dose is above the background level, which is a satisfactory result for such simulations spanning many energy regimes, different physics processes and transport through several meters of shielding materials. The neutrons contributing to the radiation field emanating from the monolith were confirmed to originate from neutrons with energies above 1 MeV in the target region. The current work validates Geant4 as being well suited for deep-shielding calculations at accelerator-based spallation sources. We also extrapolate what the simulated flux levels might imply for short (several tens of meters) instruments at ESS.
Download or read book Spallation Neutron Source for an Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor written by Asiya Rummana and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Savannah River Accelerator Project And Complementary Spallation Neutron Sources written by Frank T Avignone Iii and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-02-24 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume is a collection of papers dealing with the applications of spallation neutron sources to pure science, applied science and defense programs. The topics, ranging from accelerator technology to applications in materials science and neutrino physics, are covered by experts in their respective fields.
Download or read book Shielding Benchmark Problems written by A. E. Profio and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shielding and Activation Analyses in Support of the Spallation Neutron Source SNS ES and H Requirements written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shielding and activation analyses play an important part in determining how to meet the Environmental, Safety and Health (ES and H) requirements of an intense high-energy accelerator facility like the proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The shielding and activation analyses described in this paper were performed primarily using the CALOR code system coupled with MCNP for radiation transport, the ORIHET95 isotope generation and depletion code for activation analysis, and the DOORS multi-dimensional discrete ordinates transport code system for shielding analyses. Additionally, a portion of the shielding calculations were performed with the semi-empirical code - CASL. This paper gives an overview of relevant ES and H policies and requirements, and provides detailed discussions of the shielding and activation analyses completed in support of those policies and requirements.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators Targets and Irradiation Facilities written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD. This book was released on 1995 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spent Nuclear Fuel and Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems written by Vinod Kumar Verma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, and discusses the applications of radiation, particularly spallation neutrons and gamma rays. The unspent nuclear fuel of a reactor amounts to roughly 95 per cent of the loaded fuel. It contains both fertile and fissile fuels, minor and higher actinides and radioactive fission products. In 2015, out of approximately 4 million metric tons of spent fuel, only 90,000 metric tons was reprocessed worldwide; the rest was either sent to repositories, kept for cooling down, or put on a waiting list for future reprocessing. With regard to the direct reutilization of spent nuclear fuel, the new technique of ‘Energy Amplifiers’ has attracted considerable attention among the nuclear energy community. Presenting extensive information on this technique, the book is divided into eight major sections: (i) spent nuclear fuel and alternative transmutation methods, (ii) general concept of accelerator-driven subcritical systems (ADSS), (iii) spallation neutron sources and the possibility of incineration, (iv) requirements for nuclear data, (v) transmutation of spent nuclear fuel and extension of the fuel cycle, (vi) spallation neutron production facilities, (vii) major experimental facilities for ADSS, and (viii) software tools for the design and modelling of ADSS. The book is ideally suited as a textbook for graduate students as well as a reference guide for researchers and practitioners.
Download or read book Graecia sive historiae urbium et populorum graeciae ex monumentis numismatibus restitutae libri quatuor ad Huberti Goltzio written by and published by . This book was released on 1581 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shielding Aspects of Accelerators Targets and Irradiation Facilities SATIF 7 written by OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools to investigate the origin and structure of matter, and to improve understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including transmutation of nuclides and beneficial effects or risks from radiation. They are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, or for biophysics studies.Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new aspects in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and of irradiated targets. They also evaluate progress made and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the Task Force on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators Targets and Irradiation Facilities written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools for investigating the origin and structure of matter, and for improving understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including the transmutation of nuclides and the beneficial or harmful effects of radiation. Particle accelerators are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, and for biophysics studies. Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect the operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new issues in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiated targets. They also evaluate advancements and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs."--OECD
Download or read book Linac driven Spallation neutron Source written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strong interest has arisen in accelerator-driven spallation-neutron sources that surpass existing facilities (such as ISIS at Rutherford or LANSCE at Los Alamos) by more than an order of magnitude in beam power delivered to the spallation target. The approach chosen by Los Alamos (as well as the European Spallation Source) provides the full beam energy by acceleration in a linac as opposed to primary acceleration in a synchrotron or other circular device. Two modes of neutron production are visualized for the source. A short-pulse mode produces 1 MW of beam power (at 60 pps) in pulses, of length less than 1 ms, by compression of the linac macropulse through multi-turn injection in an accumulator ring. A long-pulse mode produces a similar beam power with 1-ms-long pulses directly applied to a target. This latter mode rivals the performance of existing reactor facilities to very low neutron energies. Combination with the short-pulse mode addresses virtually all applications.
Download or read book Beam Dynamics Simulation of the Spallation Neutron Source Linear Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accelerating structure for Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) consists of a radio-frequency-quadrupole-linac (RFQ), a drift-tube-linac (DTL), a coupled-cavity-drift-tube-linac (CCDTL), and a coupled-cavity-linac (CCL). The linac is operated at room temperature. The authors discuss the detailed design of linac which accelerates an H[sup [minus]] pulsed beam coming out from RFQ at 2.5 MeV to 1000 MeV. They show a detailed transition from 402.5 MHz DTL with a 4 [beta][lambda] structure to a CCDTL operated at 805 MHz with a 12 [beta][lambda] structure. After a discussion of overall feature of the linac, they present an end-to-end particle simulation using the new version of the PARMILA code for a beam starting from the RFQ entrance through the rest of the linac. At 1000 MeV, the beam is transported to a storage ring. The storage ring requires a large ([+-]500-keV) energy spread. This is accomplished by operating the rf-phase in the last section of the linac so the particles are at the unstable fixed point of the separatrix. They present zero-current phase advance, beam size, and beam emittance along the entire linac.
Download or read book Neutronics and Shielding Design of an Accelerator based Neutron Source for Neutron Activation Analysis written by Carl Alexander Willis and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Neutronics and radiation shielding of an accelerator-based neutron source (ABNS) for a neutron activation analysis application were designed with the aid of the Monte Carlo particle transport simulation package MCNP. Neutrons are generated in the proposed ABNS via the 7Li (p,n) reaction with 2.5 MeV protons from an RFQ-RFI linac. The neutronics comprise a polyethylene moderator and carousel--to hold sample vials undergoing activation analysis--and a graphite neutron reflector. Shielding to protect personnel consists of a commercially- available neutron-absorbing borated plastic surrounded by ordinary concrete. MCNP models show dependence in activating certain test nuclides on the thickness of the graphite reflector; based on the models, a choice for reflector dimensions is suggested. MCNP was also used to establish the position of the sample carousel about the target for optimal uniformity in activation of certain test nuclides, and to model activation of the ABNS components themselves. Finally, MCNP simulations of neutron and gamma shielding are presented relating shielding thickness to dose rates to personnel. Results are discussed in the context of conforming to ICRP and federal regulations for radiological worker protection, accounting for potentially large differences in system duty cycle among various users.
Download or read book Advanced Monte Carlo for Radiation Physics Particle Transport Simulation and Applications written by Andreas Kling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-22 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the state of the art of Monte Carlo methods in radiation physics and particle transport simulation and applications. Special attention is paid to algorithm development for modeling, and the analysis of experiments and measurements in a variety of fields.
Download or read book KELPIES written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Benchmark Calculations Relevant to the Neutronic Design of the Spallation Neutron Source SNS written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) will provide an intense source of low-energy neutrons for experimental use. The low-energy neutrons are produced by the interaction of a high-energy (1.0 GeV) proton beam on a mercury (Hg) target and slowed down in liquid hydrogen or light water moderators. Computer codes and computational techniques are being benchmarked against relevant experimental data to validate and verify the tools being used to predict the performance of the SNS. The LAHET Code System (LCS), which includes LAHET, HTAPE ad HMCNP (a modified version of MCNP version 3b), have been applied to the analysis of experiments that were conducted in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). In the AGS experiments, foils of various materials were placed around a mercury-filled stainless steel cylinder, which was bombarded with protons at 1.6 GeV. Neutrons created in the mercury target, activated the foils. Activities of the relevant isotopes were accurately measured and compared with calculated predictions. Measurements at BNL were provided in part by collaborating scientists from JAERI as part of the AGS Spallation Target Experiment (ASTE) collaboration. To date, calculations have shown good agreement with measurements.
Download or read book Radiation Damage Issues in Accelerator driven Spallation Neutron Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of accelerator-driven systems involving the production of spallation neutrons will require extensive materials data on the response of structural components to the effects of the mixed charged particle and neutron fluxes. Failure to anticipate the potentially strong influence of radiation on material's performance will most certainly lead to difficulty in gaining approval to build and test such a system, and will most likely lead to unanticipated problems that can cause failure of critical components. Lessons learned from the development of other nuclear systems are offered to guide the development of an accelerator-driven system and the necessary materials test programs to accompany such development.
