Download or read book Becoming Formal and Informal Entrepreneurs written by Joel L. Raveloharimisy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research explains the factors behind the variation of enterprise creation across countries by looking at the roles of formal and informal institutions and their interactions in the distribution of start-up enterprises in the formal and informal sectors. It tests two competing hypotheses about the individual versus mixed effects of formal institutions (measured by entry regulations) and informal institutions (measured by social capital) on entrepreneurship. The research uses quantitative analysis of data from 48 countries and a qualitative case study of Madagascar. The findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses are consistent regarding the independent effects of each set of institutions in the distribution of entrepreneurship in both sectors while controlling for political and economic variables (level of economic development, political stability, and control of corruption). They confirm the hypothesis that the formal institution is inversely related to formal entrepreneurship and the informal institution is inversely related to informal entrepreneurship. The findings from the two studies disagree on the role of institutional interaction on entrepreneurship. The quantitative analysis did not find any relationship, whereas the case study finds that the interaction of entry regulations and the informal institutions of fihavanana (Malagasy social capital), tsiny (reproach), and tody (retribution) determines the distribution of entrepreneurship in the formal and informal market. The interaction occurs in the bureaucratic arena, which handles business entry procedures, and is driven by the imbalance between the strength of the two institutions. The findings from the research help us understand in a better way the mechanism that explains the distribution of entrepreneurship in the formal and informal sector in Africa and especially the predominance of informal sector in the region. They also provide new insights about the ways to handle and promote institutional reforms when formal and informal institutions diverge.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy written by Mai Thi Thanh Thai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although entrepreneurship in the informal economy occurs outside state regulatory systems, informal commercial activities account for an estimated 30% of economic activity around the world. Informal entrepreneurship goes unmonitored despite the fact that it significantly contributes to poverty reduction and economic development. As a result, the informal sector is open to unethical practices including corruption, worker exploitation, and natural environment abuse to name just a few. In the media, debates have formed around whether informal entrepreneurship should be assisted or legitimized. Hence, a deep understanding of the phenomenon is vitally important. This book is the first on the market to offer models and approaches to informal entrepreneurship as well as to its prospects for economic development. Offering an in-depth examination of informal entrepreneurship in many different countries, it reveals the motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship in the informal economy, characteristics of informal entrepreneurship, and informal entrepreneurs' response to ethical issues. This volume illustrates the relationship between formal and informal economies and the conditions for the benefits of informal entrepreneurship to outweigh its disadvantages. And finally, it gives recommendations about when and how the informal economy can be formalized, which sectors should be formalized, and which ones can remain informal. This book offers much-needed guidance for stakeholders involved in economic development programs and scholars and entrepreneurs interested in the field of informal entrepreneurship as it is developing around the globe.

Download or read book How Institutions Matter written by Joel Gehman and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This double volume presents a collection of 23 papers on how institutions matter to socio-economic life. The effort was seeded by the 2015 Alberta Institutions Conference, which brought together 108 participants from 14 countries and 51 different institutions.

Download or read book Entrepreneurship in the Informal Sector written by Colin Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How many businesses start-ups conduct some or all of their trade ‘off-the-books’? And how many enterprises continue to do some of their work off-the-books once they are more established? What should be done about them? Should governments adopt ever more punitive measures to eradicate them? Or should we recognise this hidden enterprise culture and attempt to harness it? If so, how can this be done? What measures can be taken to ensure that businesses start-up in a proper manner? And what can be done to help those enterprises and entrepreneurs currently working off-the-books to legitimise their businesses? The aim of this book is to advance a new way of answering these questions. Drawing inspiration from institutional theory, informal sector entrepreneurship is explained as resulting from the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions and the norms, values and beliefs that comprise a society’s informal institutions. The argument is that if the norms, values and beliefs of entrepreneurs (i.e., their individual morality) were wholly aligned with the codified laws and regulations (i.e., state morality), there would be no informal sector entrepreneurship. However, because the individual morality of entrepreneurs differs from state morality, such as due to their lack of trust in government and the rule of law, the result is the prevalence of informal sector entrepreneurship. The greater the degree of institutional asymmetry, the higher is the propensity to engage in informal sector entrepreneurship. This book provides evidence to show that this is the case both at the individual- and country-level and then discusses how this can be overcome. .

Download or read book Economic Informality written by Ana Maria Oviedo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey assembles recent theoretical and empirical advances in the literature on economic informality and analyzes the causes and costs of informality in developed and developing economies. Using recent evidence, the survey discusses the nature and roots of informal economic activity across countries, distinguishing between informality as the result of exclusion and exit. The survey provides an extensive review of recent international experience with policies aimed at reducing informality, in particular, policies that facilitate the formalization process, create a framework for the transition from informality to formality, lend support to newly created firms, reduce or eliminate inconsistencies across regulation and government agencies, increase information flows, and increase enforcement.

Download or read book The Regulation of Entry written by Simeon Djankov and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New data show that countries that regulate the entry of new firms more heavily have greater corruption and larger unofficial economies, but not better quality goods. The evidence supports the view that regulating entry benefits politicians and bureacrats.

Download or read book Reshaping Entrepreneurship Education With Strategy and Innovation written by Ayandibu, Ayansola Olatunji and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-10-02 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New small business owners are constantly pressured to play a major role in the economic growth of their respected nation. However, revitalizing how individuals think, research, teach, and implement performance strategies to improve the operations of these small businesses is critical to entrepreneurial success. Reshaping Entrepreneurship Education With Strategy and Innovation is an essential reference source that discusses strategies to overcome performance barriers as well as implementation of effective entrepreneurial processes based on a wide range of global issues. Featuring research on topics such as authentic leadership, business ethics, and social entrepreneurship, this book is ideally designed for entrepreneurs, business professionals, scholars, researchers, students, and practitioners seeking coverage on innovative performance operations of small businesses.

Download or read book Informal Employment in Emerging and Transition Economies written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informality and informal employment are wide-spread and growing phenomena in all regions of the world, particularly in low and middle income economies. This volume sheds light on the incidence and persistence of informality and the role of institutions and government regulations, and offers insights into issues such as how labor and tax regulations

Download or read book Informal Migrant Entrepreneurship and Inclusive Growth in South Africa Zimbabwe and Mozambique written by Crush, Jonathan and published by Southern African Migration Programme. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While increasing attention is being paid to the drivers and forms of entrepreneurship in informal economies, much less of this policy and research focus is directed at understanding the links between mobility and informality. This report examines the current state of knowledge about this relationship with particular reference to three countries (Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe) and four cities (Cape Town, Harare, Johannesburg and Maputo), identifying major themes, knowledge gaps, research questions and policy implications.

Download or read book Linking the Formal and Informal Economy written by Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of studies on formality and informality in developing countries, this volume contains contributions from anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and political scientists. It argues for moving beyond the formal-informal dichotomy, and offers information to develop guiding principles for intervention.

Download or read book Labor Markets and Economic Development written by Ravi Kanbur and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As developing and transition economies enter the next phase of reforms, labor market issues increasingly come to the fore. With the increased competition from globalization, the discussion is shifting to the need for greater labor market flexibility and the creation of "good" jobs. Moreover, the greater actual and perceived insecurity in labor markets has generated a new agenda on how to structure safety nets and labor market regulation. The older questions of the links between the formal and informal labor market, reappear with new dimensions and significance. More generally, it is clear that an accurate understanding of how labor market structures function is essential if we are to analyze alternative policy proposals in the wake of these concerns. Oddly enough, in spite of this great importance, there are no recent monographs that bring together rigorous studies produced by academic researchers on these various issues. This book fills that gap. Under the steely editorship of Ravi Kanbur and Jan Svejnar, the contributors flourish in their attempts to enliven these debates.

Download or read book Informal Ethnic Entrepreneurship written by Veland Ramadani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a curated collection of research on ethnic entrepreneurship, focusing on the informal sector. The common theme of the expert contributions is that entrepreneurial motivation to start informal business is paramount to ethnic groups. In particular, the book explores the factors influencing ethnic groups to start informal businesses and how this creates innovative business activity. It also charts the evolution of ethnic entrepreneurship and informal businesses in advanced and emerging economies; the diversity of entrepreneurial strategies; the economics of co-ethnic employment; and the issues surrounding immigrant entrepreneurship. The book is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of informal ethnic entrepreneurship, as well as for policy makers and entrepreneurs.

Download or read book Labour Markets and Economic Development written by S. M. Ravi Kanbur and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2009 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the links between the formal and informal labor market in developing and transition economies, working towards an accurate understanding of labour markets and analyzing alternative policy proposals.

Download or read book Becoming a Social Entrepreneur written by Michael Gordon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What’s it like to be a social entrepreneur – not a textbook social entrepreneur but one on the ground? This book offers an explanation. Michael Gordon, leading Social Entrepreneurship expert from the University of Michigan, spoke with more than one hundred social entrepreneurs – from six continents, young and old, just starting out to several decades in, addressing seemingly every societal problem of the day. This book uses their words and experiences to provide a kaleidoscopic description of what it means to become a social entrepreneur. It ranges from the personal and emotional challenges they often face to the grand impact many hope to produce. It touches on the sublime but focuses on the everyday, highlighting the mistakes that have been made, the lessons learned and, especially, what advice they would give to those wanting to start a social venture. This book presents the truth, not the varnish, and is ideal for use in the classroom with students studying social entrepreneurship, and for all new and experienced social entrepreneurs seeking real-life examples of how to overcome challenges. For anyone else, it offers a penetrating portrait of the lives of those committed to changing the world.

Download or read book The informal entrepreneur between efforts and little wealth written by Arnaud Segla and published by The Wisemen Council. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION Whether we are the apprentice, an ambulant vendor, in the market or on a proximity display, we are nourished with the same intention to earn what we need to afford a meal, the maintenance of an individual, a couple or of a family. Everything begins with the need of household income that lead to informal entrepreneurship. At the favor of historic influences and heritages, external economic models were imposed to Africa and in numerous third world countries. This is done not taking into account the popular realities, if it is not acknowledging the powerlessness to integrate the dynamism of the informal economy into the schemas of the governance of states. The two systems have been coexisting for long now without really seeing the transition of the informal to be an alternative to the dominant and oppressing model of the market economy which serves as an actual reference. Can we however envision that this transition is done by the autonomous development of the informal to become a quality revenue sharing framework? The first step is without a doubt to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of this sector and then to identify its dynamic to finally present a model accessible to all and simply applicable without necessitating a real academic curriculum. The present analysis therefore permits to have a first look from the outside, as much as possible, by taking a step back.

Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies

Download or read book The South African Informal Sector written by Frederick C. v. N. Fourie and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although South Africa's informal sector is small compared to other developing countries, it nevertheless provides livelihoods, employment and income for millions of workers and business owners. Almost half of informal-sector workers work in firms with employees. The annual entry of new enterprises is quite high, as is the number of informal enterprises that grow their employment. There is no shortage of entrepreneurship and desire to grow. However, obstacles and constraints cause hardship and failure, pointing to the need for well-designed policies to enable and support the sector, rather than suppress it. The same goes for formalisation. Recognising the informal sector as an integral part of the economy, rather than ignoring it, is a crucial first step towards instituting a 'smart' policy approach. The South African Informal Sector is strongly evidence- and data-driven, with substantial quantitative contributions combined with qualitative findings--suitable for an era of increased pressure for evidence-based policy-making--and utilises several disciplinary perspectives."--