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Book Beat the Heart Attack Gene

Download or read book Beat the Heart Attack Gene written by Bradley Bale and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revolutionary, personalized guide to preventing heart disease—America’s #1 killer Heart disease is the #1 cause of death in America. It affects 81 million Americans and is the culprit in one of every two deaths in the United States. Most people think that they are not at risk of a heart attack if they control their cholesterol and blood pressure, but they aren’t aware of other major risk factors. The good news is that with the right information and strategies, heart attacks are preventable—even if heart disease runs in the family. In Beat the Heart Attack Gene, world-renowned cardiovascular specialists Bradley Bale, MD and Amy Doneen, ARNP, present a new model for understanding and preventing heart disease. They explain the three different genetic types of cholesterol profiles and tailor treatments for each type, using their cutting-edge Bale/Doneen Method, a comprehensive, evidence-based medical treatment plan that detects cardiovascular disease (CVD) at early stages and stabilizes it with individualized medical and lifestyle therapy. Beat the Heart Attack Gene includes easy quizzes and self-tests that show how to determine cholesterol genotype as well as advice for how to apply that knowledge through and individualized lifestyle advice. For heart attack and stroke survivors, the Bale/Doneen Method also helps prevent recurrences by identifying and treating what's triggering the patient's disease—a crucial step that many cardiologists neglect. With their proven method utilized by healthcare professionals worldwide, Bale and Doneen empower readers by alerting them to potential health threats, and then offer personalized strategies so they can live healthy, active lives without fear of heart attack or stroke. Specifically, Beat the Heart Attack Gene addresses: *The hidden cause of most heart attacks *Early prevention methods *The dangerous cholesterol most doctors don’t check *Major red flags for heart attack and stroke risk, including gum disease *The genes that increase cardiovascular risk as much as smoking *The best and worst supplements and foods for your heart *10 surprising ways to prevent heart attacks

Book Beat the Heart Attack Gene

Download or read book Beat the Heart Attack Gene written by Bradley Bale and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revolutionary, personalized guide to preventing heart disease based on genetic factors Heart disease is the #1 cause of death in America. It affects 81 million Americans and is the culprit in one of every two deaths in the United States. Most people think that they are not at risk of a heart attack if they control their cholesterol and blood pressure, but they aren't aware of other major risk factors. The good news is that with the right information and strategies, heart attacks are preventable--even if heart disease runs in the family. In Beat the Heart Attack Gene, world-renowned cardiovascular specialists Bradley Bale, MD and Amy Doneen, ARNP, present a new model for understanding and preventing heart disease. They explain the three different genetic types of cholesterol profiles and tailor treatments for each type, using their cutting-edge Bale/Doneen Method, a simple, comprehensive prevention plan that detects cardiovascular disease (CVD) at early stages. Beat the Heart Attack Gene includes easy quizzes and self-tests that show how to determine cholesterol genotype as well as advice for how to apply that knowledge through nutritional and lifestyle changes. For heart attack and stroke survivors, the Bale/Doneen Method also helps prevent recurrences by identifying and treating what's triggering the patient's disease--a crucial step that many cardiologists neglect. With their proven method utilized by healthcare professionals worldwide, Bale and Doneen empower readers by alerting them to potential health threats, and then offer personalized, evidence-based strategies so they can live healthy, active lives without fear of heart attack or stroke. Specifically, Beat the Heart Attack Gene addresses: *The hidden cause of most heart attacks *Early prevention methods *The dangerous cholesterol most doctors don't check *Major red flags for heart attack and stroke risk, including gum disease *The gene that increases cardiovascular risk as much as smoking *The best and worst supplements for your heart *10 surprising ways to prevent heart attacks

Book Beat the Heart Attack Gene

Download or read book Beat the Heart Attack Gene written by Bradley Bale and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revolutionary, personalized guide to preventing heart disease based on genetic factors Heart disease is the #1 cause of death in America. It affects 81 million Americans and is the culprit in one of every two deaths in the United States. Most people think that they are not at risk of a heart attack if they control their cholesterol and blood pressure, but they aren't aware of other major risk factors. The good news is that with the right information and strategies, heart attacks are preventable--even if heart disease runs in the family. In Beat the Heart Attack Gene, world-renowned cardiovascular specialists Bradley Bale, MD and Amy Doneen, ARNP, present a new model for understanding and preventing heart disease. They explain the three different genetic types of cholesterol profiles and tailor treatments for each type, using their cutting-edge Bale/Doneen Method, a simple, comprehensive prevention plan that detects cardiovascular disease (CVD) at early stages. Beat the Heart Attack Gene includes easy quizzes and self-tests that show how to determine cholesterol genotype as well as advice for how to apply that knowledge through nutritional and lifestyle changes. For heart attack and stroke survivors, the Bale/Doneen Method also helps prevent recurrences by identifying and treating what's triggering the patient's disease--a crucial step that many cardiologists neglect. With their proven method utilized by healthcare professionals worldwide, Bale and Doneen empower readers by alerting them to potential health threats, and then offer personalized, evidence-based strategies so they can live healthy, active lives without fear of heart attack or stroke. Specifically, Beat the Heart Attack Gene addresses: *The hidden cause of most heart attacks *Early prevention methods *The dangerous cholesterol most doctors don't check *Major red flags for heart attack and stroke risk, including gum disease *The gene that increases cardiovascular risk as much as smoking *The best and worst supplements for your heart *10 surprising ways to prevent heart attacks

Book Healthy Heart  Healthy Brain

Download or read book Healthy Heart Healthy Brain written by Bradley Bale and published by Little, Brown Spark. This book was released on 2025-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boost your cardiovascular health, optimize your mental strength, and prevent and reverse arterial disease with this personalized plan from the founders of the renowned Heart Attack & Stroke Prevention Center -- "you'll want to read every page" (Amen). Did you know that every forty seconds, someone in the US suffers a heart attack or stroke, and every sixty-five seconds someone develops dementia? The culprit is cardiovascular disease--and rates are soaring in younger, seemingly healthy people. Busting every myth we have about cardiovascular health, including that women are less likely to suffer from heart attacks and strokes, world-renowned cardiovascular specialists Bradley Bale, MD, and Amy Doneen, DNP, have pioneered a lifesaving method to prevent these devastating events--and reverse the disease that causes them. The BaleDoneen Method transcends the medical silos of cardiology, neurology, endocrinology, and others with a holistic approach designed to protect and optimize the health of the heart, brain, and other vital organs, as well as the blood vessels that supply them. With laser-sharp focus, Bale and Doneen provide the latest research on how your oral health is contributing to the decline of your heart. Captivating and revolutionary, Healthy Heart, Healthy Brain is a unique and comprehensive program to prevent chronic diseases and memory loss in people of all ages regardless of their body type, medical history, or genes. Offering a roadmap to lifelong arterial wellness, it includes: Precision medical methods to prevent diseases of aging The best and worst supplements and foods for your heart Ten lifestyle moves that lower dementia risk by 35 percent Information about genes that raise cardiovascular risk as much as smoking The top ten heart attack prevention tips for women Healthy Heart, Healthy Brain will equip you with the knowledge you need to approach your healthcare as an empowered and informed patient.

Book Before the Heart Attacks

Download or read book Before the Heart Attacks written by H. Robert Superko and published by Plume. This book was released on 2004 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Superko has turned the cardiac establishment on its ear by introducing brand-new ways to prevent and treat heart disease. He has developed an approach to treat and prevent heart problems that is based not on pills but on diet and exercise.

Book Eisenhower s Heart Attack

Download or read book Eisenhower s Heart Attack written by Clarence G. Lasby and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous Eisenhower biographers have touched on his heart condition, but Clarence Lasby is the first to examine the impact of the president's health on the nation. He offers a dramatic revisionist account of the events surrounding the president's 1955 heart attack and subsequent efforts by the president and his staff to minimize its political impact. Drawing on newly opened medical records and personal papers of Eisenhower's physicians, Lasby challenges virtually everything we have believed about the president's heart attack. Most disturbingly, he has discovered that the president's personal physician, Dr. Howard Snyder, misdiagnosed the attack as a gastrointestinal problem and waited ten hours before sending Eisenhower to the hospital. Lasby also sets the record straight on how the president and his aides "managed" the public's understanding of events, and he offers evidence that Eisenhower, Dr. Snyder, and press secretary James Hagerty withheld and recast information to serve the president's political priorities. Equally important, Lasby's book offers a touching portrait of a proud man faced with a debilitating disease. It examines Ike's private struggle to lead a full life despite his condition and analyzes his decision to seek a second term even against the advice of cardiologist Paul Dudley White. It also shows how a man who had always carefully joked after his health now became obsessed with it.

Book Prevention Myths

    Book Details:
  • Author : Todd C Eldredge
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2021-05-28
  • ISBN : 9781638480136
  • Pages : 222 pages

Download or read book Prevention Myths written by Todd C Eldredge and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Heart Attacks and Strokes are the leading causes of death worldwide. Collectively they account for over 15 Million deaths each year, (more than the next three leading causes of death combined). Most of these events are completely preventable. Much of this is due to a system which encourages and rewards treatments and procedures over prevention and outcomes. The US standard of care compels physicians to identify and treat risk factors for disease rather than the diseases themselves. Consequently, Heart Attacks and Strokes account for nearly one third of the annual deaths in the US. Nine million times each year, patients are submitted to excessive radiation and invasive procedures to "measure" their risk for Heart Attack and/or Stroke. According to recent literature, most of these invasive procedures are neither justified nor effective. There are a few tests which can accurately predict those who will, and who will not go on to have a Heart Attack or Stroke. One such test, catches >98% of these events BEFORE they occur. Most of the time, these tests have not yet been recommended to patients by their primary care physician. This book addresses these concerns and the #1 GAP in the US healthcare system today: under-diagnosis of heart disease. This book tells you which tests could help you to prevent a Heart Attack or Stroke, in time to treat it medically and not surgically.

Book Unclog Your Arteries

Download or read book Unclog Your Arteries written by Gene McDougall and published by . This book was released on 2001-09-21 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bentley Johnson a recent college graduate intent on going to medical school has the complete package-looks, humor, and class. He attends a summer medical program and has a love connection. His counterpart, Rikki Jones is a native Washingtonian looking to complete college. She's smart, attractive, outspoken and sick of men. How did Rikki have a change of heart? What led Bentley to turn in his player card and travel cross country in the middle of winter to be with Rikki? What trials, tribulation, joy and jubilation do they experience as a couple? What lessons do they learn that can be shared with other young couples looking to make their relationships successful? Crossing the Bridge Over Troubled Water is a story of love and it's challenges. It's a story of lessons learned and most of all what it takes to stay together and be in love.

Book The Great Cholesterol Myth

Download or read book The Great Cholesterol Myth written by Jonny Bowden and published by Fair Winds. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heart disease is the #1 killer. However, traditional heart disease protocols--with their emphasis on lowering cholesterol--have it all wrong. Emerging science is showing that cholesterol levels are a poor predictor of heart disease and that standard prescriptions for lowering it, such as ineffective low-fat/high-carb diets and serious, side-effect-causing statin drugs, obscure the real causes of heart disease. Even doctors at leading institutions have been misled for years based on creative reporting of research results from pharmaceutical companies intent on supporting the $31-billion-a-year cholesterol-lowering drug industry. The Great Cholesterol Myth reveals the real culprits of heart disease, including: - Inflammation - Fibrinogen - Triglycerides - Homocysteine - Belly fat - Triglyceride to HCL ratios - High glycemic levels Bestselling health authors Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., and Stephen Sinatra, M.D. give readers a 4-part strategy based on the latest studies and clinical findings for effectively preventing, managing, and reversing heart disease, focusing on diet, exercise, supplements, and stress and anger management. Get proven, evidence-based strategies from the experts with The Great Cholesterol Myth. MYTHS VS. FACTS Myth–High cholesterol is the cause of heart disease. Fact–Cholesterol is only a minor player in the cascade of inflammation which is a cause of heart disease. Myth–High cholesterol is a predictor of heart attack. Fact–There is no correlation between cholesterol and heart attack. Myth–Lowering cholesterol with statin drugs will prolong your life. Fact–There is no data to show that statins have a significant impact on longevity. Myth–Statin drugs are safe. Fact–Statin drugs can be extremely toxic including causing death. Myth–Statin drugs are useful in men, women and the elderly. Fact–Statin drugs do the best job in middle-aged men with coronary disease. Myth–Statin drugs are useful in middle-aged men with coronary artery disease because of its impact on cholesterol. Fact–Statin drugs reduce inflammation and improve blood viscosity (thinning blood). Statins are extremely helpful in men with low HDL and coronary artery disease. Myth–Saturated fat is dangerous. Fact–Saturated fats are not dangerous. The killer fats are the transfats from partially hydrogenated oils. Myth–The higher the cholesterol, the shorter the lifespan. Fact–Higher cholesterol protects you from gastrointestinal disease, pulmonary disease and hemorrhagic stroke. Myth–A high carbohydrate diet protects you from heart disease. Fact–Simple processed carbs and sugars predispose you to heart disease. Myth–Fat is bad for your health. Fact–Monounsaturated and saturated fats protect you from metabolic syndrome. Sugar is the foe in cardiovascular disease. Myth–There is good (HDL) cholesterol and bad (LDL) cholesterol. Fact–This is over-simplistic. You must fractionate LDL and HDL to assess the components. Myth–Cholesterol causes heart disease. Fact–Cholesterol is only a theory in heart disease and only the small component of LP(a) or “bb shot” LDL predisposes one to oxidation and inflammation.

Book The Emperor of All Maladies

Download or read book The Emperor of All Maladies written by Siddhartha Mukherjee and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Pulitzer Prize and a documentary from Ken Burns on PBS, this New York Times bestseller is “an extraordinary achievement” (The New Yorker)—a magnificent, profoundly humane “biography” of cancer—from its first documented appearances thousands of years ago through the epic battles in the twentieth century to cure, control, and conquer it to a radical new understanding of its essence. Physician, researcher, and award-winning science writer, Siddhartha Mukherjee examines cancer with a cellular biologist’s precision, a historian’s perspective, and a biographer’s passion. The result is an astonishingly lucid and eloquent chronicle of a disease humans have lived with—and perished from—for more than five thousand years. The story of cancer is a story of human ingenuity, resilience, and perseverance, but also of hubris, paternalism, and misperception. Mukherjee recounts centuries of discoveries, setbacks, victories, and deaths, told through the eyes of his predecessors and peers, training their wits against an infinitely resourceful adversary that, just three decades ago, was thought to be easily vanquished in an all-out “war against cancer.” The book reads like a literary thriller with cancer as the protagonist. Riveting, urgent, and surprising, The Emperor of All Maladies provides a fascinating glimpse into the future of cancer treatments. It is an illuminating book that provides hope and clarity to those seeking to demystify cancer.

Book How Not to Die

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael Greger, M.D., FACLM
  • Publisher : Flatiron Books
  • Release : 2015-12-08
  • ISBN : 1250066123
  • Pages : 352 pages

Download or read book How Not to Die written by Michael Greger, M.D., FACLM and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the physician behind the wildly popular NutritionFacts website, How Not to Die reveals the groundbreaking scientific evidence behind the only diet that can prevent and reverse many of the causes of disease-related death. The vast majority of premature deaths can be prevented through simple changes in diet and lifestyle. In How Not to Die, Dr. Michael Greger, the internationally-renowned nutrition expert, physician, and founder of NutritionFacts.org, examines the fifteen top causes of premature death in America-heart disease, various cancers, diabetes, Parkinson's, high blood pressure, and more-and explains how nutritional and lifestyle interventions can sometimes trump prescription pills and other pharmaceutical and surgical approaches, freeing us to live healthier lives. The simple truth is that most doctors are good at treating acute illnesses but bad at preventing chronic disease. The fifteen leading causes of death claim the lives of 1.6 million Americans annually. This doesn't have to be the case. By following Dr. Greger's advice, all of it backed up by strong scientific evidence, you will learn which foods to eat and which lifestyle changes to make to live longer. History of prostate cancer in your family? Put down that glass of milk and add flaxseed to your diet whenever you can. Have high blood pressure? Hibiscus tea can work better than a leading hypertensive drug-and without the side effects. Fighting off liver disease? Drinking coffee can reduce liver inflammation. Battling breast cancer? Consuming soy is associated with prolonged survival. Worried about heart disease (the number 1 killer in the United States)? Switch to a whole-food, plant-based diet, which has been repeatedly shown not just to prevent the disease but often stop it in its tracks. In addition to showing what to eat to help treat the top fifteen causes of death, How Not to Die includes Dr. Greger's Daily Dozen -a checklist of the twelve foods we should consume every day.Full of practical, actionable advice and surprising, cutting edge nutritional science, these doctor's orders are just what we need to live longer, healthier lives.

Book Undo It

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dean Ornish, M.D.
  • Publisher : Ballantine Books
  • Release : 2022-01-04
  • ISBN : 0525480021
  • Pages : 530 pages

Download or read book Undo It written by Dean Ornish, M.D. and published by Ballantine Books. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • By the pioneer of lifestyle medicine, a simple, scientifically program proven to often reverse the progression of the most common and costly chronic diseases and even begin reversing aging at a cellular level! Long rated “#1 for Heart Health” by U.S. News & World Report, Dr. Ornish’s Program is now covered by Medicare when offered virtually at home. Dean Ornish, M.D., has directed revolutionary research proving, for the first time, that lifestyle changes can often reverse—undo!—the progression of many of the most common and costly chronic diseases and even begin reversing aging at a cellular level. Medicare and many insurance companies now cover Dr. Ornish’s lifestyle medicine program for reversing chronic disease because it consistently achieves bigger changes in lifestyle, better clinical outcomes, larger cost savings, and greater adherence than have ever been reported—based on forty years of research published in the leading peer-reviewed medical and scientific journals. Now, in this landmark book, he and Anne Ornish present a simple yet powerful new unifying theory explaining why these same lifestyle changes can reverse so many different chronic diseases and how quickly these benefits occur. They describe what it is, why it works, and how you can do it: • Eat well: a whole foods, plant-based diet naturally low in fat and sugar and high in flavor. The “Ornish diet” has been rated “#1 for Heart Health” by U.S. News & World Report for eleven years since 2011. • Move more: moderate exercise such as walking • Stress less: including meditation and gentle yoga practices • Love more: how love and intimacy transform loneliness into healing With seventy recipes, easy-to-follow meal plans, tips for stocking your kitchen and eating out, recommended exercises, stress-reduction advice, and inspiring patient stories of life-transforming benefits—for example, several people improved so much after only nine weeks they were able to avoid a heart transplant—Undo It! empowers readers with new hope and new choices. Praise for Undo It! “The Ornishes’ work is elegant and simple and deserving of a Nobel Prize, since it can change the world!”—Richard Carmona, M.D., MPH, FACS, seventeenth Surgeon General of the United States “If you want to see what medicine will be like ten years from now, read this book today.”—Rita F. Redberg, M.D., editor in chief, JAMA Internal Medicine “This is one of the most important books on health ever written.”—John Mackey, CEO, Whole Foods Market

Book NO More Heart Disease

Download or read book NO More Heart Disease written by Louis Ignarro and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2006-01-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Louis Ignarro discovered "the atom" of cardiovascular health--a tiny molecule called Nitric Oxide. NO, as it is known by chemists, is a signaling molecule produced by the body, and is a vasodilator that helps control blood flow to every part of the body. Dr. Ignarro's findings led to the development of Viagra. Nitric Oxide has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system as well. NO relaxes and enlarges the blood vessels, prevents blood clots that trigger strokes and heart attacks, and regulates blood pressure and the accumulation of plaque in the blood vessels. Dr. Ignarro's current research indicates that Nitric Oxide may help lower cholesterol by facilitating the actions of statin drugs like Lipitor. The goal of the regimen presented in NO More Heart Disease is to age proof the cardiovascular system, keeping the vascular network clean and elastic through enhanced NO productivity. The plan is easy-to-follow without extreme lifestyle adjustments, involving taking supplements to stimulate Nitric Oxide production, incorporating NO friendly food into the diet, and a moderate exercise program.

Book Inherited Cardiac Disease

    Book Details:
  • Author : Perry Elliott
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
  • Release : 2020-11-11
  • ISBN : 0198829124
  • Pages : 433 pages

Download or read book Inherited Cardiac Disease written by Perry Elliott and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated to reflect advances in molecular genetic technologies and national guidelines on inherited cardiac diseases in families, this second edition provides a comprehensive summary of the aetiology, presentation, and management of genetic disorders of the cardiovascular system.

Book Herbal Medicine

Download or read book Herbal Medicine written by Iris F. F. Benzie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states has caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular ef

Book AARP The Inflammation Syndrome

Download or read book AARP The Inflammation Syndrome written by Jack Challem and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-19 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AARP Digital Editions offer you practical tips, proven solutions, and expert guidance. In The Inflammation Syndrome, Jack Challem provides a powerful plan to safely prevent and overcome inflammatory disorders. Inflammation is what happens when our body's own defenses turn on us-and it is a huge and growing problem. Written by the author of the groundbreaking Syndrome X, this essential updated edition of The Inflammation Syndrome draws on cutting-edge research conducted around the world to provide a revolutionary approach to healing inflammation-related problems through an easy-to-follow nutrition and supplement program. Includes new recommendations for individualized diet and supplement plans Presents fourteen steps for restoring dietary balance, plus recipes and menu plans Reveals the powerful role inflammation plays in a wide variety of common health conditions–from simple aches and pains to heart disease, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and athletic injuries Features dramatic case histories and the latest information on dosage recommendations for anti-inflammation supplements such as fish oils, vitamins, and herbs Read The Inflammation Syndrome and learn just how easy it can be to take charge of your diet and health.

Book Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements

Download or read book Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements written by Leslie A. Pray and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in August 2013 to review the available science on safe levels of caffeine consumption in foods, beverages, and dietary supplements and to identify data gaps. Scientists with expertise in food safety, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, toxicology, and related disciplines; medical professionals with pediatric and adult patient experience in cardiology, neurology, and psychiatry; public health professionals; food industry representatives; regulatory experts; and consumer advocates discussed the safety of caffeine in food and dietary supplements, including, but not limited to, caffeinated beverage products, and identified data gaps. Caffeine, a central nervous stimulant, is arguably the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world. Occurring naturally in more than 60 plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves, cola nuts and cocoa pods, caffeine has been part of innumerable cultures for centuries. But the caffeine-in-food landscape is changing. There are an array of new caffeine-containing energy products, from waffles to sunflower seeds, jelly beans to syrup, even bottled water, entering the marketplace. Years of scientific research have shown that moderate consumption by healthy adults of products containing naturally-occurring caffeine is not associated with adverse health effects. The changing caffeine landscape raises concerns about safety and whether any of these new products might be targeting populations not normally associated with caffeine consumption, namely children and adolescents, and whether caffeine poses a greater health risk to those populations than it does for healthy adults. This report delineates vulnerable populations who may be at risk from caffeine exposure; describes caffeine exposure and risk of cardiovascular and other health effects on vulnerable populations, including additive effects with other ingredients and effects related to pre-existing conditions; explores safe caffeine exposure levels for general and vulnerable populations; and identifies data gaps on caffeine stimulant effects.