Download or read book Critical Mineral Resources of the United States written by K. J. Schulz and published by Geological Survey. This book was released on 2017 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the importance and dependence of specific mineral commodities increase, so does concern about their supply. The United States is currently 100 percent reliant on foreign sources for 20 mineral commodities and imports the majority of its supply of more than 50 mineral commodities. Mineral commodities that have important uses and face potential supply disruption are critical to American economic and national security. However, a mineral commodity's importance and the nature of its supply chain can change with time; a mineral commodity that may not have been considered critical 25 years ago may be critical today, and one considered critical today may not be so in the future. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced this volume to describe a select group of mineral commodities currently critical to our economy and security. For each mineral commodity covered, the authors provide a comprehensive look at (1) the commodity's use; (2) the geology and global distribution of the mineral deposit types that account for the present and possible future supply of the commodity; (3) the current status of production, reserves, and resources in the United States and globally; and (4) environmental considerations related to the commodity's production from different types of mineral deposits. The volume describes U.S. critical mineral resources in a global context, for no country can be self-sufficient for all its mineral commodity needs, and the United States will always rely on global mineral commodity supply chains. This volume provides the scientific understanding of critical mineral resources required for informed decisionmaking by those responsible for ensuring that the United States has a secure and sustainable supply of mineral commodities.

Download or read book Barite in Washington written by Wayne S. Moen and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Early Diagenesis written by Robert A. Berner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1980-08-21 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses mainly on the chemical composition of interstitial waters of sediments. Chapter 2 presents the basic theory used throughout the rest of the book in terms of a general diagenetic equation. Chapters 3,4,and 5 provides detailed discussion of each of the terms in general diagenetic equation as well as presentations of data. Chapters 6,7 and 8 gives examples of diagenetic calculation using the theory developed earlier.

Download or read book Mineral Resources of the United States written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Flotation Reagents Chemistry Theory and Practice written by Srdjan M. Bulatovic and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-19 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice is a condensed form of the fundamental knowledge of chemical reagents commonly used in flotation and is addressed to the researchers and plant metallurgists who employ these reagents. Consisting of three distinct parts: 1) provides detailed description of the chemistry used in mineral processing industry; 2) describes theoretical aspects of the action of flotation reagents3) provides information on the use of reagents in over 100 operating plants treating Cu, Cu/Zn, Cu/Pb, Zn, Pb/Zn/Ag, Cu/Ni and Ni ores.* Looks at the theoretical aspects of flotation reagents* Examines the practical aspects of using chemical reagents in operating plants* Provides guidelines for researchers and engineers involved in process design and development

Download or read book Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids written by Ryen Caenn and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The petroleum industry in general has been dominated by engineers and production specialists. The upstream segment of the industry is dominated by drilling/completion engineers. Usually, neither of those disciplines have a great deal of training in the chemistry aspects of drilling and completing a well prior to its going on production. The chemistry of drilling fluids and completion fluids have a profound effect on the success of a well. For example, historically the drilling fluid costs to drill a well have averaged around 7% of the overall cost of the well, before completion. The successful delivery of up to 100% of that wellbore, in many cases may be attributable to the fluid used. Considered the "bible" of the industry, Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids, first written by Walter Rogers in 1948, and updated on a regular basis thereafter, is a key tool to achieving successful delivery of the wellbore. In its Sixth Edition, Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids has been updated and revised to incorporate new information on technology, economic, and political issues that have impacted the use of fluids to drill and complete oil and gas wells. With updated content on Completion Fluids and Reservoir Drilling Fluids, Health, Safety & Environment, Drilling Fluid Systems and Products, new fluid systems and additives from both chemical and engineering perspectives, Wellbore Stability, adding the new R&D on water-based muds, and with increased content on Equipment and Procedures for Evaluating Drilling Fluid Performance in light of the advent of digital technology and better manufacturing techniques, Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids has been thoroughly updated to meet the drilling and completion engineer's needs. - Explains a myriad of new products and fluid systems - Cover the newest API/SI standards - New R&D on water-based muds - New emphases on Health, Safety & Environment - New Chapter on waste management and disposal

Download or read book Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography written by Gerhard Fischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoceanographic proxies provide infonnation for reconstructions of the past, including climate changes, global and regional oceanography, and the cycles of biochemical components in the ocean. These prox ies are measurable descriptors for desired but unobservable environmental variables such as tempera ture, salinity, primary productivity, nutrient content, or surface-water carbon dioxide concentrations. The proxies are employed in a manner analogous to oceanographic methods. The water masses are first characterized according to their specific physical and chemical properties, and then related to particular assemblages of certain organisms or to particular element or isotope distributions. We have a long-standing series of proven proxies available. Marine microfossil assemblages, for instance, are employed to reconstruct surface-water temperatures. The calcareous shells of planktonic and benthic microorgan isms contain a wealth of paleoceanographic information in their isotopic and elemental compositions. Stable oxygen isotope measurements are used to detennine ice volume, and MglCa ratios are related to water temperatures, to cite a few examples. Organic material may also provide valuable infonnation, e. g. , about past productivity conditions. Studying the stable carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter or individual marine organic components may provide a measure of past surface-water CO 2 conditions within the bounds of certain assumptions. Within the scope of paleoceanographic investigations, the existing proxies are continuously evolving and improving, while new proxies are being studied and developed. The methodology is improved by analysis of samples from the water column and surface sediments, and through laboratory experiments.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds written by Richard C. Ropp and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds is a compilation describing the physical and chemical properties of all of the alkaline earth compounds that have been elucidated to date in the scientific literature. These compounds are used in applications such as LEDs and electronic devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Preparation methods for each compound are presented to show which techniques have been successful. Structures and phase diagrams are presented where applicable to aid in understanding the complexities of the topics discussed. With concise descriptions presenting the chemical, physical and electrical properties of any given compound, this subject matter will serve as an introduction to the field. This compendium is vital for students and scientific researchers in all fields of scientific endeavors, including non-chemists. 2013 Honorable Mention in Chemistry & Physics from the Association of American Publishers' PROSE Awards Presents a systematic coverage of all known alkaline earth inorganic compounds and their properties Provides a clear, consistent presentation based on groups facilitatating easy comparisons Includes the structure of all the compounds in high quality full-color graphics Summarizes all currently known properties of the transition metals compounds Lists the uses and applications of these compounds in electronics, energy, and catalysis

Download or read book Soil Remediation Guidelines for Barite written by and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compiles and summarizes applicable background information and develops soil remediation guidelines for barite (barium sulphate). The barite soil remediation guidelines follow Alberta Environment 2009 protocols wherever applicable and appropriate, and only deviate from these protocols where dictated by particular issues relevant to barite.--Document.

Download or read book Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices written by Denise Bohrer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first one-volume guide to sources of contamination in pharmaceuticals and medical devices Most books dealing with contaminants in medicinal products often focus on analytical methods for detecting nonspecific impurities. Key to the work of the pharmaceutical chemist, this unique reference helps identify the sources of contamination in medicinal and pharmaceutical products and medical devices. Divided into three parts, Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices covers chemical, microbiological, and physical (particulate matter) contamination, including those originating from sterilization procedures. As compelling as a medical documentary, the book sheds light on how impurities and contaminants can enter the human body transported via a specific product or treatment. Focusing on only those medicinal products and medical devices that may lead to exposure to contaminants harmful to human health, the book offers a comprehensive, systematic look at the entire universe of medical contamination: Chemical contaminants including residual solvents, catalyst residuals, and genotoxic impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) Diagnostic imaging agents (i.e., radiopharmaceuticals and contrast agents) Microbiological and endotoxin contamination involving single and multiple dose products, medical devices, and biofilms Contamination from sterilization procedures, residuals from radiation sterilization, ionizing radiation on packaging materials and medical devices Medicinal gases and volatile anesthetics Biopharmaceuticals including recombinant DNA technology products Extractables and leachables from containers made of glass, plastics, and metal Each section of the book contains information on what contaminants could be expected in a particular product, and how they were generated and reached that product. With up-to-date regulatory guidelines for determining contamination, as well as methods for assessing, quantifying, avoiding and removing contaminants, Sources of Contamination in Medicinal Products and Medical Devices is essential to fully understanding the specific threats that undermine the safety of medicines and medical devices.

Download or read book Sediments Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rocks written by F.T. Mackenzie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the formation and biogeochemistry of a variety of important sediment types from their initial formation through their conversion (diagenesis) to sedimentary rocks. The volume deals with the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic properties of sediments and sedimentary rocks and their use in interpreting the environment of formation and subsequent events in the history of sediments, and the nature of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). - Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus - Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies - Extensive illustrations and examples from the field

Download or read book Materials Handbook written by John A. Vaccari and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2002-07-09 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Materials Handbook is an encyclopedic, A-to-Z organization of all types of materials, featuring their key performance properties, principal characteristics and applications in product design. Materials include ferrous and nonferrous metals, plastics, elastomers, ceramics, woods, composites, chemicals, minerals, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs and natural plant and animal substances --more than 13,000 in all. Properties are expressed in both U.S. customary and metric units and a thorough index eases finding details on each and every material. Introduced in 1929 and often known simply as "Brady's," this comprehensive, one-volume, 1244 page encyclopedia of materials is intended for executives, managers, supervisors, engineers, and technicians, in engineering, manufacturing, marketing, purchasing and sales as well as educators and students. Of the dozens of families of materials updated in the 15th Edition, the most extensive additions pertain to adhesives, activated carbon, aluminides, aluminum alloys, catalysts, ceramics, composites, fullerences, heat-transfer fluids, nanophase materials, nickel alloys, olefins, silicon nitride, stainless steels, thermoplastic elastomers, titanium alloys, tungsten alloys, valve alloys and welding and hard-facing alloys. Also widely updated are acrylics, brazing alloys, chelants, biodegradable plastics, molybdenum alloys, plastic alloys, recyclate plastics, superalloys, supercritical fluids and tool steels. New classes of materials added include aliphatic polyketones, carburizing secondary-hardening steels and polyarylene ether benzimidazoles. Carcinogens and materials likely to be cancer-causing in humans are listed for the first time.

Download or read book Barite and Fluorite in Western Australia written by P. B. Abeysinghe and published by B Geological Survey of Western Australia. This book was released on 1997 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mineral Water Interface Geochemistry written by Michael F. Hochella and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 23 of Reviews in Mineralogy and accompanying MSA short course covers chemical reactions that take place at mineral-water interfaces. We believe that this book describes most of the important concepts and contributions that have driven mineral-water interface geochemistry to its present state. We begin in Chapter 1 with examples of the global importance of mineral-water interface reactions and a brief review of the contents of the entire book. Thereafter, we have divided the book into four sections, including atomistic approaches (Chapters 2- 3), adsorption (Chapters 4-8), precipitation and dissolution (Chapters 9-11), and oxidation-reduction reactions (Chapters 11-14).

Download or read book Petroleum Engineer s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids written by Johannes Fink and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05-13 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids is a comprehensive manual that provides end users with information about oil field chemicals, such as drilling muds, corrosion and scale inhibitors, gelling agents and bacterial control. This book is an extension and update of Oil Field Chemicals published in 2003, and it presents a compilation of materials from literature and patents, arranged according to applications and the way a typical job is practiced. The text is composed of 23 chapters that cover oil field chemicals arranged according to their use. Each chapter follows a uniform template, starting with a brief overview of the chemical followed by reviews, monomers, polymerization, and fabrication. The different aspects of application, including safety and environmental impacts, for each chemical are also discussed throughout the chapters. The text also includes handy indices for trade names, acronyms and chemicals. Petroleum, production, drilling, completion, and operations engineers and managers will find this book invaluable for project management and production. Non-experts and students in petroleum engineering will also find this reference useful. - Chemicals are ordered by use including drilling muds, corrosion inhibitors, and bacteria control - Includes cutting edge chemicals and polymers such as water soluble polymers and viscosity control - Handy index of chemical substances as well as a general chemical index

Download or read book Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-02 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Space Station is a closed and complex environment, so some contamination of its internal atmosphere and water system is expected. To protect space crews from contaminants in potable and hygiene water, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) requested that the National Research Council (NRC) provide guidance on how to develop water exposure guidelines and review NASA's development of the exposure guidelines for specific chemicals. NASA selects water contaminants for which spacecraft water exposure guidelines (SWEGs) will be established; this involves identifying toxicity effects relevant to astronauts and calculating exposure concentrations on the basis of those end points. SWEGs are established for exposures of 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 days. This report is the second volume in the series, Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Chemicals. SWEG reports for acetone, alkylamines, ammonia, barium, cadmium, caprolactam, formate, formaldehyde, manganese, total organic carbon, and zinc are included in this report. The committee concludes that the SWEGs developed for these chemicals are scientifically valid based on the data reviewed by NASA and are consistent with the NRC (2000) report, Methods for Developing Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines. SWEG reports for additional chemicals will be presented in a subsequent volume.

Download or read book Additives for Plastics Handbook written by J. Murphy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-22 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both technically and economically, additives form a large and increasingly significant part of the polymer industry, both plastics and elastomers. Since the first edition of this book was published, there have been wide-ranging developments, covering chemistry and formulation of new and more efficient additive systems and the safer use of additives, both by processors in the factory and, in the wider field, as they affect the general public. This new edition follows the successful formula of its predecessor, it provides a comprehensive view of all types of additives, concentrating mainly on their technical aspects (chemistry/formulation, structure, function, main applications) with notes on the commercial background of each. The field has been expanded to include any substance that is added to a polymer to improve its use, so including reinforcing materials (such as glass fibre), carbon black and titanium dioxide. This is a book which has been planned for ease of use and the information is presented in a way which is appropriate to the users' needs.