Download or read book Bacterial Responses to pH written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial responses to acidic and alkaline pH are important in many areas of bacteriology. For example, the mechanisms of resistance to acidic pH are important in the understanding of the passage of human pathogens through the acid of the stomach; and an understanding of microbial degradation of alkaline industrial waste is important for the environment. Bringing together contributions from an international and interdisciplinary group of experts working on the many aspects of bacterial cellular responses to pH, this stimulating volume draws together new and innovative work in this area. It delineates both similarities and differences between mechanisms of tolerance and response, providing readers with an invaluable resource on the subject.
Download or read book Biogenesis of Fatty Acids Lipids and Membranes written by Otto Geiger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise chapters, written by experts in the field, cover a wide spectrum of topics on lipid and membrane formation in microbes (Archaea, Bacteria, eukaryotic microbes).All cells are delimited by a lipid membrane, which provides a crucial boundary in any known form of life. Readers will discover significant chapters on microbial lipid-carrying biomolecules and lipid/membrane-associated structures and processes.
Download or read book pH of the Skin Issues and Challenges written by C. Surber and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of expressing acidity as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration was defined and termed pH in the beginning of the 20th century. The general usefulness of the pH concept for life science was recognized and later gained importance to analytical research. Reports on results of pH measurements from living skin established the term acid mantle - the skin's own protective shield that maintains a naturally acid pH. It is invisible to the eye but crucial to the overall wellbeing of skin. Chronic alkalization can throw this acid mantle out of balance, leading to inflammation, dermatitis, and atopic skin diseases. It is therefore no surprise, that skin pH shifts have been observed in various skin pathologies. It is also obvious that the pH in topically applied preparations may play an important role. Optimal pH and buffer capacity within topical preparations not only support stability of active ingredients and auxiliary materials, but may also increase absorption of the non-ionized species of an acidic or a basic active ingredient. They may even open up opportunities to modify and "correct" skin pH and hence accelerate barrier recovery and maintain or enhance barrier integrity. Further efforts are needed to standardize and improve pH measurements in biological media or pharmaceutical/cosmetic vehicles to increase and ensure quality, comparability, and relevance of research data. In this volume, we present a unique collection of papers that address past, present and future issues of the pH of healthy and diseased skin. It is hoped that this collection will foster future efforts in clinical and experimental skin research.
Download or read book Microbiology written by Nina Parker and published by . This book was released on 2016-05-30 with total page 1301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology's art program enhances students' understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs. Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology."--BC Campus website.
Download or read book Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry written by Ali Demirci and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-26 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of creating microbiologically-safe food with an acceptable shelf-life and quality for the consumer is a constant challenge for the food industry. Microbial decontamination in the food industry provides a comprehensive guide to the decontamination problems faced by the industry, and the current and emerging methods being used to solve them.Part one deals with various food commodities such as fresh produce, meats, seafood, nuts, juices and dairy products, and provides background on contamination routes and outbreaks as well as proposed processing methods for each commodity. Part two goes on to review current and emerging non-chemical and non-thermal decontamination methods such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, irradiation, power ultrasound and non-thermal plasma. Thermal methods such as microwave, radio-frequency and infrared heating and food surface pasteurization are also explored in detail. Chemical decontamination methods with ozone, chlorine dioxide, electrolyzed oxidizing water, organic acids and dense phase CO2 are discussed in part three. Finally, part four focuses on current and emerging packaging technologies and post-packaging decontamination.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Microbial decontamination in the food industry is an indispensable guide for all food industry professionals involved in the design or use of novel food decontamination techniques, as well as any academics researching or teaching this important subject. Provides a comprehensive guide to the decontamination problems faced by the industry and outlines the current and emerging methods being used to solve them Details backgrounds on contamination routes and outbreaks, as well as proposed processing methods for various commodities including fresh produce, meats, seafood, nuts, juices and dairy products Sections focus on emerging non-chemical and non-thermal decontamination methods, current thermal methods, chemical decontamination methods and current and emerging packaging technologies and post-packaging decontamination
Download or read book The Response of Gut Bacteria to the Changes in PH written by Kimberly S. C. Liam and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Response in Pathogenic Bacteria written by Stephen P. Kidd and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of pathogenic bacteria to adapt to various chemical, biochemical and physical conditions within the human host and their ability to respond to stresses generated in these environments is a central feature of infectious diseases and the outcome of bacterial infection. This book covers the key aspects of this rapidly developing field, including the generation of stresses by the host immune system, bacterial response to reactive chemicals, and adaptation to environmental conditions of anatomical niches such as the gut, mouth and urogenital tract. It also addresses the increasing importance of different metal ions in the pathogenesis and survival of specific bacteria. With chapters by active research experts in the field, the book provides a comprehensive outline of the current understanding of this field, the latest developments and where future research is likely to be directed.
Download or read book Bacteria Under Stress How Bacteria Perceive and Process Information written by Eva Maria Kalbhenn and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: 2.0, LMU Munich, language: English, abstract: The analysis of stress response systems in microorganisms can reveal molecular strategies for regulatory control and adaptation. For example, external pH implicates as a signal in growing number of genetic and molecular responses in enteric bacteria like Escherichia coli. In number of cases, acid-induced gene expression functions to decrease the acidity of bacterial products in an acidic environment. Thus, enhancing the growth at a low pH. In this experiment, we examine the gene expression of the E. coli cadBA operon. The cad operon consists of the enzyme CadA, which is a lysine decarboxylase, the transport protein CadB and the regulatory protein CadC. The cad operon is active when there is a low pH and lysine in the periplasm of bacteria cells. The pH sensor CadC, which is located in the periplasm, recognizes the low pH and lysine. As a result, DNA can bind and activate the transcription, so that there can be an expression of the two downstream genes cadB and cadA. Furthermore, the CadA enzyme helps to produce cadaverine. The reaction of lysine to cadavarine effectively consumes protons (H⁺) and lead to an increase of the internal pH. Moreover, the antiporter CadB imports the substrate lysine and exports its product cadaverine. Together, they reduce the intracellular H⁺ concentration. CadC is a member of the ToxR family and can measure the external amount of cadaverine. CadC consists of a sensor domain which is monitoring the extracellular pH and cadavarine; a transmembrane domain which interacts with LysP (Co-sensor for lysine) and the effector domain, which is a DNA-binding domain. CadC can inhibit the transcription of CadA. When the amount of cadaverine increases in the bacterial cell, the cad operon switches off of producing cadaverine by a signalling molecule called ppGpp. Under acidic conditions, ppGpp can bind
Download or read book Cell Biology by the Numbers written by Ron Milo and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid
Download or read book The Metal Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment written by Peter M.H. Kroneck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MILS-14 provides a most up-to-date view of the exciting biogeochemistry of gases in our environment as driven mostly by microorganisms. These employ a machinery of sophisticated metalloenzymes, where especially transition metals (such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W) play a fundamental role, that is, in the activation, transformation and syntheses of gases like dihydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, acetylene and those of the biological nitrogen and sulfur cycles. The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment is a vibrant research area based mainly on structural and microbial biology, inorganic biological chemistry and environmental biochemistry. All this is covered in an authoritative manner in 11 stimulating chapters, written by 26 internationally recognized experts and supported by nearly 1200 references, informative tables and about 100 illustrations (two thirds in color). MILS-14 also provides excellent information for teaching. Peter M. H. Kroneck is a bioinorganic chemist who is exploring the role of transition metals in biology, with a focus on functional and structural aspects of microbial iron, copper and molybdenum enzymes and their impact on the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and sulfur. Martha E. Sosa Torres is an inorganic chemist, with special interests in magnetic properties of newly synthesized transition metal complexes and their reactivity towards molecular oxygen, applying kinetic, electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques.
Download or read book Stress Responses of Lactic Acid Bacteria written by Effie Tsakalidou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the basics of lactic acid bacteria and stress response, then working into specific fields of research and current developments, Stress Responses of Lactic Acid Bacteria will serve as an essential guidebook to researchers in the field, industry professionals, and advanced students in the area. The exploration of stress responses in lactic acid bacteria began in the early 90s and revealed the differences that exist between LAB and the classical model microorganisms. A considerable amount of work has been performed on the main genera / species of LAB regarding the genes implicated and their actual role and regulation, and the mechanisms of stress resistance have also been elucidated. Recent genome and transcriptome analyses complement the proteome and genetic information available today and shed a new light on the perception of and the responses to stress by lactic acid bacteria.
Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria 2 Volume Set written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Download or read book Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome written by Charles J. Dorman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an integrated view of the expression of bacterial genetic information, genome architecture and function, and bacterial physiology and pathogenesis This book blends information from the very latest research on bacterial chromosome and nucleoid architecture, whole-genome analysis, cell signaling, and gene expression control with well-known gene regulation paradigms from model organisms (including pathogens) to give readers a picture of how information flows from the environment to the gene, modulating its expression and influencing the competitive fitness of the microbe. Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome explores the governance of the expression of the genes that make a bacterium what it is, and updates the basics of gene expression control with information about transcription promoter structure and function, the role of DNA as a regulatory factor (in addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information), small RNAs, RNAs that sense chemical signals, ribosomes and translation, posttranslational modification of proteins, and protein secretion. It looks at the forces driving the conservation and the evolution of the dynamic genome and offers chapters that cover DNA replication, DNA repair, plasmid biology, recombination, transposition, the roles of repetitive DNA sequences, horizontal gene transfer, the defense of the genome by CRISPR-Cas, restriction enzymes, Argonaute proteins and BREX systems. The book finishes with a chapter that gives an integrated overview of genome structure and function. Blends knowledge of gene regulatory mechanisms with a consideration of nucleoid structure and dynamics Offers a 'DNA-centric' approach to considering transcription control Views horizontal gene transfer from a gene regulation perspective Assesses the opportunities and limitations of designing synthetic microbes or rewiring existing ones Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students studying microbial cell biology, bacterial pathogenesis, gene regulation, and molecular microbiology. It will also appeal to principal investigators conducting research on these and related topics and researchers in synthetic biology and other arms of biotechnology.
Download or read book Stress Response in Pathogenic Bacteria written by Stephen P. Kidd and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of pathogenic bacteria to adapt to various chemical, biochemical and physical conditions within the human host and their ability to respond to stresses generated in these environments is a central feature of infectious diseases and the outcome of bacterial infection. This book covers the key aspects of this rapidly developing field, including the generation of stresses by the host immune system, bacterial response to reactive chemicals, and adaptation to environmental conditions of anatomical niches such as the gut, mouth and urogenital tract. It also addresses the increasing impor.
Download or read book Industrial and Host Associated Stress Responses in Food Microbes Implications for Food Technology and Food Safety written by Lorena Ruiz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the food processing chain and after ingestion by the host, food associated bacteria have to cope with a range of stress factors such as thermal and/or non-thermal inactivation treatments, refrigeration temperatures, freeze-drying, high osmolarity, acid pH in the stomach or presence of bile salts in the intestine, that threaten bacterial survival. The accompanying plethora of microbial response and adaptation phenomena elicited by these stresses has important implications for food technology and safety. Indeed, while resistance development of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms may impose health risks for the consumer and impart great economic losses to food industries, reduced survival of probiotic bacteria may strongly compromise their claimed health benefit attributes. As a result, substantial research efforts have been devoted in the last decades to unravel the mechanisms underlying stress response and resistance development in food associated microorganisms in order to better predict and improve (i) the inactivation of foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms on the one hand and (ii) the robustness and performance of beneficial microorganisms on the other. Moreover, the recent implementation of system-wide omics and (single-)cell biology approaches is greatly boosting our insights into the modes of action underlying microbial inactivation and survival. This Research Topic aims to provide an avenue for dissemination of recent advances within the field of microbial stress response and adaptation, with a particular focus not only on food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms but also on beneficial microbes in foods.
Download or read book Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment written by Ashutosh Kumar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variety of bacteria are present in our environment but only a few of these bacteria causes diseases in their hosts including humans. These bacteria face different stresses in the environment as well as inside the host and adapt number of strategies for their survival. In 5 parts Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment covers all tactics and strategies adopted by bacteria for their survival under stressed conditions and will be focused on mechanistic insights of pathogenic adaptations to host environments (acidic environment, microaerobic conditions, immune system stress, metal stress etc., modulation of host pathways by pathogens for survival, dormancy, drug tolerance and resistance, proteins for stress survival). The content also includes different adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles to extreme environment, provides a complete and globally available advance knowledge related to bacterial survival from different perspectives and reviews the knowledge gaps and future prospects in the field of microbial adaptation for sustainable development of in the field of infection biology and pharmaceutics. Provides in depth knowledge about pathogen biology and microbial adaptations, microbe-host interactions, impact of pathogens on host physiology, virulent factors produced by pathogens and pharmaceutical applications, mechanism of pathogenic virulent factors Covers all tactics and strategies adopted by bacteria for their survival under stressed conditions Focuses on mechanistic insights of pathogenic adaptations to host Includes different adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles to extreme environment
Download or read book Bacterial Pathogenesis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches Essential methods for gene expression and analysis Covers strategies and problems for disease control
