Download or read book B Vitamins and One Carbon Metabolism written by Kristina Pentieva and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "B-Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism" that was published in Nutrients

Download or read book B Vitamins and One Carbon Metabolism written by Kristina Pentieva (Ed.) and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition and HIV written by Saurabh Mehta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.

Download or read book B Vitamins and Human Health written by Douglas Haywood and published by American Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2023-09-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-vitamins are a group of water soluble vitamins that play significant roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. There are eight B-vitamins, namely, B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate [folic acid]), and B12 (cobalamin). Vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that perform pivotal function in the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism. The one carbon metabolism is a set of interconnected metabolic pathways driven by folate and methionine. It generates methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation. Developmental defects, impaired cognitive function, or blocked normal blood production are some of the possible outcomes associated with a diet deficient in vitamins B9 and B12. It has been observed in certain studies that higher levels of these vitamins may lead to immune dysfunction, cancer, or increased mortality. Research in B-vitamins is now primarily focused on developing specific therapies that target one-carbon metabolism for managing cancer and immune diseases. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to B-vitamins and their role in human health. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this area of study will benefit alike from this book.

Download or read book Nutritional Epigenomics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Epigenomics offers a comprehensive overview of nutritional epigenomics as a mode of study, along with nutrition’s role in the epigenomic regulation of disease, health and developmental processes. Here, an expert team of international contributors introduces readers to nutritional epigenomic regulators of gene expression, our diet’s role in epigenomic regulation of disease and disease inheritance, caloric restriction and exercise as they relate to recent epigenomic findings, and the influence of nutritional epigenomics over circadian rhythms, aging and longevity, and fetal health and development, among other processes. Disease specific chapters address metabolic disease (obesity and diabetes), cancer, and neurodegeneration, among other disorders. Diet-gut microbiome interactions in the epigenomic regulation of disease are also discussed, as is the role of micronutrients and milk miRNAs in epigenetic regulation. Finally, chapter authors examine ongoing discussions of race and ethnicity in the social-epigenomic regulation of health and disease. Empowers the reader to employ nutritional epigenomics approaches in their own research Discusses the latest topics in nutritional epigenomics in the regulation of aging, circadian rhythm, inheritance and fetal development, as well as metabolism and disease Offers a full grounding in epigenetic reprogramming and nutritional intervention in the treatment and prevention of disease, as informed by population-based studies

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Pantothenic Acid Biotin and Choline written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-15 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approachâ€"the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age groupâ€"from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.

Download or read book Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins written by David A. Bender and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative and comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the vitamins, their metabolic functions and the scientific basis for setting recommended intakes for the prevention of deficiency and promotion of optimum health. This publication will be a valuable reference for students and specialists alike in the field of nutritional biochemistry.

Download or read book Inborn Errors of Metabolism written by Brendan Lee and published by Oxford Monographs on Medical G. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an expansion on the known treatment model of IEMs, one that establishes an innovative pathway approach and provides a new authority on this family of disease. Alongside the standard cadre of molecular and clinical underpinnings, this book includes coverage of newborn screening and an overarching treatment of IEMs as complex diseases.

Download or read book Wardlaw s Perspectives in Nutrition written by Carol Byrd-Bredbenner and published by McGraw-Hill Science Engineering. This book was released on 2009 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory nutrition text appropriate for nutrition and science majors, as well as mixed majors/non-majors nutrition courses. This text has current, in-depth and thoughtful introduction to the dynamic field of nutrition. The 8th edition introduces a new author team whose primary goal has been to maintain the strengths and philosophy that have been the hallmark of this book yet enhance the accessibility and personal application of materials for today's students.

Download or read book One Carbon Metabolism Related B Vitamins Alter The Expression Of Micrornas And Target Genes Within The Wnt Signaling Pathway In Mouse Colonic Epithelium written by Riccardo Racicot and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT It has been widely recognized that microRNAs are involved in nearly all cellular processes that have been investigated and contribute to a variety of diseases including cancer. Our prior studies demonstrated the depletion of one-carbon metabolism related B-vitamins, including folate, vitamin B2, B6 and B12, induced a genomic DNA hypomethylation and an elevation of the tumorigenic Wnt signaling in mouse colonic epithelium. The present study aimed to define whether microRNAs serve as mediators between these B-vitamins and the Wnt signaling, and thereby influence intestinal tumorigenesis. MicroRNA expression profiles were measured using miRNA microarray and real-time PCR on colonic epithelial cells from Apc1638N mice fed with diets deplete or sufficient in those B-vitamins. In silico bioinformatic analysis were performed to predict microRNA gene targets within the Wnt signaling cascade. Out of 609 microRNA examined, 18 microRNAs were found to be either significantly (p

Download or read book Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding written by Peter D. Gluckman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only fetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this book is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. The authors provide an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy. In-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring outcomes are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies. Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is a manual offering both scientific and clinical evidence to empower health care providers and ensure they have the information necessary to confidently care for prospective and new parents.

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging written by Marco Malavolta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging: A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series focuses on the nutritional issues associated with aging and the important metabolic consequences of diet, nutrition, and health. The book is subdivided into four parts that reflect the impact of nutrition from a biomolecular level to individual health. In Part One, chapters explore the general aspects of aging, aging phenotypes, and relevant aspects of nutrition related to the elderly and healthy aging. Part Two includes molecular and cellular targets of nutrition in aging, with chapters exploring lipid peroxidation, inflammaging, anabolic and catabolic signaling, epigenetics, DNA damage and repair, redox homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity, among others. Part Three looks at system-level and organ targets of nutrition in aging, including a variety of tissues, systems, and diseases, such as immune function, the cardiovascular system, the brain and dementia, muscle, bone, lung, and many others. Finally, Part Four focuses on the health effects of specific dietary compounds and dietary interventions in aging, including vitamin D, retinol, curcumin, folate, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, vitamin B, fish oil, vitamin E, resveratrol, polyphenols, vegetables, and fruit, as well as the current nutritional recommendations. Offers updated information and a perspectives on important future developments to different professionals involved in the basic and clinical research on all major nutritional aspects of aging Explores how nutritional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aging across body systems Investigates the molecular and genetic basis of aging and cellular senescence through the lens of the rapidly evolving field of molecular nutrition

Download or read book Industrial Biotechnology of Vitamins Biopigments and Antioxidants written by Erick J. Vandamme and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitamins are a group of physiologically very important, chemically quite complex organic compounds, that are essential for humans and animals. Some vitamins and other growth factors behave as antioxidants, while some can be considered as biopigments. As their chemical synthesis is laborious, their biotechnology-based synthesis and production via microbial fermentation has gained substantial interest within the last decades. Recent progress in microbial genetics and in metabolic engineering and implementation of innovative bioprocess technology has led to a biotechnology-based industrial production of many vitamins and related compounds. Divided into three sections, this volume covers: 1. water-soluble vitamins 2. fat-soluble vitamin compounds and 3. other growth factors, biopigments, and antioxidants. They are all reviewed systematically: from natural occurrence and assays, via biosynthesis, strain development, to industrially-employed biotechnological syntheses and applications.

Download or read book Vitamin B written by Charlyn M. Elliot and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Historically, the B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to as Vitamin B (much like how people refer to Vitamin C or Vitamin D). Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. Supplements containing all eight B vitamins are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g. B1, B2, B3). The B vitamins often work together to deliver a number of health benefits to the body. B vitamins have been shown to: support and increase the rate of metabolism; maintain healthy skin and muscle tone; enhance immune and nervous system function; promote cell growth and division -- including that of the red blood cells that help prevent anemia. Together, they also help combat the symptoms and causes of stress, depression, and cardiovascular disease. All B vitamins are water soluble, and are dispersed throughout the body. They must be replenished daily with any excess excreted in the urine. Vitamin B deficiency can lead to an enormous group of health problems. This book presents new and important research in the field.

Download or read book Geriatric Gastroenterology written by C. S. Pitchumoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.

Download or read book B Group Vitamins written by Jean Guy LeBlanc and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.

Download or read book Vitamin B12 and Folate Interactions in Nuclear One carbon Metabolism written by Ashley Melissa Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitamin B12-associated pathologies are common, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the cytosol, vitamin B12 functions as a required cofactor for methionine synthase (MTR) in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine, which regenerates tetrahydrofolate (THF) for subsequent nucleotide biosyntheses. Impairments in this pathway are most apparent in megaloblastic anemia, which results from the inhibition of DNA synthesis due to the trapping of folate cofactors as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF). The first objective sought to determine the impact of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency and Shmt1 disruption on neural tube defect (NTD) incidence. Vitamin B12 deficiency, independently of folate status, caused NTDs in Shmt1-/- and Shmt1-/+ embryos. Folate status and folate-deficiency in vitamin B12 deficiency did not affect NTD incidence. Folate, but not vitamin B12 deficiency, significantly increased plasma homocysteine in pregnant dams and resulted in decreased embryonic growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that neural tube closure is more sensitive to maternal vitamin B12 deficiency than homocysteine remethylation or embryonic growth. The second objective aimed to determine the impact of a cytosolic vitamin B12 deficiency on nuclear de novo thymidylate (dTMP) biosynthesis, given the recent discovery of a nuclear, multi-protein complex for de novo synthesis of dTMP. Both human fibroblasts with loss-of-function mutations in MTR and HeLa cells treated with nitrous oxide (N2O) gas demonstrated intracellular accumulation of 5-methylTHF ranging from 1.75-2.5-fold compared to control conditions. In vitamin B12 depleted HeLa cells, the nucleus was the most sensitive cellular compartment to 5-methylTHF accumulation, with a greater than 4-fold increase observed at the expense of THF. Vitamin B12 depletion in HeLa cells impaired rates of de novo dTMP biosynthesis and increased DNA damage; both outcomes were exacerbated by folate depletion. By contrast, MTR loss-of-function depressed rates of de novo dTMP biosynthesis, but did not increase DNA damage; this latter observation may be explained by the fact that specific tissues exhibit differential sensitivity to vitamin B12 deficiency. Taken together, these findings demonstrate cytosolic vitamin B12 depletion traps nuclear folate as 5-methylTHF, decreases rates of de novo dTMP biosynthesis, and increases DNA damage, providing a mechanism that can be extended to vitamin B12-associated pathologies. ...