Download or read book Automatic System to Measure Turning Movement and Intersection Delay written by Jialei Mao and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It is important for many traffic operations, such as real-time adaptive signal control, dynamic traffic assignment and traffic demand estimation, to obtain the vehicle turning movement information at a signalized intersection. However, it is laborious and time consuming to count the turning movements manually. Previous efforts on this problem relied on a mathematical approach by solving an O-D matrix in which the turning movements represent distributions of the arriving flow at each intersection approach. However, such a matrix cannot be mathematically solved without using supplementary volume data from the local detectors; previous studies showed the results from the O-D method are not accurate. Identifying vehicle turning movements from detector information is a more direct method. Limited studies using this method have been found for intersections without shared lanes. Most intersections allow shared lane operations, thus this method is not practical without further improvements. Driven by the need to identify vehicles turning movement automatically regardless of the geometry and operation of the intersections, this research studied and developed a system called Automatic Turning Movement Identification System (ATMIS). ATMIS utilizes intelligent detection matching algorithm to identify vehicle turning movements from the detections collected from the field in real-time. This algorithm has the capability to compensate the error caused by the faults detections and shared lanes. The results from laboratory experiments and field tests are very encouraging. Future work is also discussed in the thesis. While another related study, intersection delay measurement, is also included in this thesis. Delay is regarded as one of the most important Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) for signalized intersections. Different methods to measure control delay are recommended by many researchers but most of them are costly, time consuming and labor intensive. Some key components of delay measurement, such as intersection delay and delay for different turning movements, are not addressed in the previous studies. Driven by the need to develop an automatic delay estimation system, a method is presented to improve or extend the current methods to estimate intersection travel time based on the detection information derived from ATMIS. Yet, the detection information is not perfect from ATMIS, we still can estimate intersection delay accurately with the help of data filters. The mechanism and result of proposed method are discussed in this thesis. Further work of delay measurement is also presented."--Abstract.

Download or read book Delay and Queue Length Estimation at Signalized Intersections Using Archived Automatic Vehicle Location and Passenger Count Data from Transit Vehicles written by Sahar Tolami Hemmati and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signalized intersections are typically the capacity bottlenecks within urban road networks. The performance of signalized intersections is typically quantified on the basis of average vehicle delay and maximum queue lengths. In practice, these measures of performance are commonly estimated using tools that implement the methods from the Highway Capacity Manual. These methods, which have been derived from deterministic and stochastic queuing theory, estimate delay and queue length on the basis of geometry, signal timings, turning movement counts (TMC), vehicle stream composition, etc. The cost and effort required to acquire these data, and particularly the TMCs, result in TMCs being collected for a single day every several years. Thus, estimates of intersection performance are often several years out of date and do not capture day-to-day and seasonal variations in conditions that occur throughout the year. Many transit agencies have deployed Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Count (APC) systems on their fleet of transit vehicle. This thesis proposes a methodology to estimate the stopped delay and maximum queue length at signalized intersections on the basis of archived AVL/APC data. This provides the advantage of being able to: (1) estimate intersection performance on the basis of field measurements rather than models; (2) no additional cost or effort is required to acquire the data; and (3) performance can be evaluated throughout the year. Unlike previous methods, the proposed methodology is applicable to intersections with near-side transit stations. The proposed model is evaluated using both simulation and field data and shown to provide satisfactory results.

Download or read book Traffic Signal Timing Manual written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report serves as a comprehensive guide to traffic signal timing and documents the tasks completed in association with its development. The focus of this document is on traffic signal control principles, practices, and procedures. It describes the relationship between traffic signal timing and transportation policy and addresses maintenance and operations of traffic signals. It represents a synthesis of traffic signal timing concepts and their application and focuses on the use of detection, related timing parameters, and resulting effects to users at the intersection. It discusses advanced topics briefly to raise awareness related to their use and application. The purpose of the Signal Timing Manual is to provide direction and guidance to managers, supervisors, and practitioners based on sound practice to proactively and comprehensively improve signal timing. The outcome of properly training staff and proactively operating and maintaining traffic signals is signal timing that reduces congestion and fuel consumption ultimately improving our quality of life and the air we breathe. This manual provides an easy-to-use concise, practical and modular guide on signal timing. The elements of signal timing from policy and funding considerations to timing plan development, assessment, and maintenance are covered in the manual. The manual is the culmination of research into practices across North America and serves as a reference for a range of practitioners, from those involved in the day to day management, operation and maintenance of traffic signals to those that plan, design, operate and maintain these systems.

Download or read book Traffic Engineering Handbook written by ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.

Download or read book Traffic Control Systems Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook, which was developed in recognition of the need for the compilation and dissemination of information on advanced traffic control systems, presents the basic principles for the planning, design, and implementation of such systems for urban streets and freeways. The presentation concept and organization of this handbook is developed from the viewpoint of systems engineering. Traffic control studies are described, and traffic control and surveillance concepts are reviewed. Hardware components are outlined, and computer concepts, and communication concepts are stated. Local and central controllers are described, as well as display, television and driver information systems. Available systems technology and candidate system definition, evaluation and implementation are also covered. The management of traffic control systems is discussed.

Download or read book Operation Analysis and Design of Signalized Intersections written by Michael Kyte and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before they begin their university studies, most students have experience with traffic signals, as drivers, pedestrians and bicycle riders. One of the tasks of the introductory course in transportation engineering is to portray the traffic signal control system in a way that connects with these experiences. The challenge is to reveal the system in a simple enough way to allow the student "in the door," but to include enough complexity so that this process of learning about signalized intersections is both challenging and rewarding. We have approached the process of developing this module with the following guidelines: * Focusing on the automobile user and pretimed signal operation allows the student to learn about fundamental principles of a signalized intersection, while laying the foundation for future courses that address other users (pedestrians, bicycle riders, public transit operators) and more advanced traffic control schemes such as actuated control, coordinated signal systems, and adaptive control. * Queuing models are presented as a way of learning about the fundamentals of traffic flow at a signalized intersection. A graphical approach is taken so that students can see how flow profile diagrams, cumulative vehicle diagrams, and queue accumulation polygons are powerful representations of the operation and performance of a signalized intersection. * Only those equations that students can apply with some degree of understanding are presented. For example, the uniform delay equation is developed and used as a means of representing intersection performance. However, the second and third terms of the Highway Capacity Manual delay equation are not included, as students will have no basis for understanding the foundation of these terms. * Learning objectives are clearly stated at the beginning of each section so that the student knows what is to come. At the end of each section, the learning objectives are reiterated along with a set of concepts that students should understand once they complete the work in the section. * Over 70 figures are included in the module. We believe that graphically illustrating basic concepts is an important way for students to learn, particularly for queuing model concepts and the development of the change and clearance timing intervals. * Over 50 computational problems and two field exercises are provided to give students the chance to test their understanding of the material. The sequence in which concepts are presented in this module, and the way in which more complex ideas build on the more fundamental ones, was based on our study of student learning in the introductory course. The development of each concept leads to an element in the culminating activity: the design and evaluation of a signal timing plan in section 9. For example, to complete step 1 of the design process, the student must learn about the sequencing and control of movements, presented in section 3 of this module. But to determine split times, step 6 of the design process, four concepts must be learned including flow (section 2), sequencing and control of movements (section 3), sufficiency of capacity (section 6), and cycle length and splits (section 8). Depending on the pace desired by the instructor, this material can be covered in 9 to 12 class periods.

Download or read book A Technique for Measurement of Delay at Intersections Users manual written by W R. Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Field Testing of an Automatic Turning Movement Identification System written by Ping Yi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today many intersections are operated based on data input from nonintrusive video detection systems. With those systems the video detectors can be easily deployed/modified for different application requirements. This research project is initiated to improve the convenience and coverage and reduce cost in turning movement data collection, by taking advantage of the existing video detection system at signalized intersections. This research involves hardware design and algorithm testing, where an automatic turning movement identification system (ATMIS) is developed to interface the current signal control system at each intersection. The ATMIS is tested in different scenarios with variations in intersection configuration and weather conditions. The turning movement data obtained from the system are compared with the ground truth by watching the synchronous video. While the average accuracy level in the first phase of tests for most intersection movements reached 90%, additional improvements in the algorithm and hardware design to handle large-sized vehicles, irregular geometrics and pedestrians, have further advanced the data accuracy to be over 95% for the entire intersection. The major problem leading to the errors is due to turning buses at small intersections, where the size of vehicles can cause false detections. We found an effective solution to this problem by adjusting the camera angle or height, but it was not done for every such case partly because it adds to the busy daily work for the city engineers and partly due to the low volume for the turning movements at small intersections, where the error can be contained in the ADT data. It has been demonstrated that the ATMIS algorithm can effectively address variations in geometrics within the scope of this project, with no obvious degrading impact on the accuracy level by normal rain and snow.

Download or read book Road Traffic Analysis Theoretical Approaches and Practical Solutions written by Elżbieta Macioszek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-02-11 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents many valuable tips for making decisions related to road traffic in transport networks. The knowledge base in practical examples, as well as the decision support systems described in this volume, finds interest among people who face the daily challenge of searching for advanced solutions and practical applications in road traffic engineering. The publication is therefore addressed to local authorities related to the planning and development of development strategies for selected areas with regard to transport (both in the urban and regional dimension) and to representatives of business and industry, as people directly involved in the implementation of traffic engineering solutions. The tips contained in individual sections of the publication allow to look at a given problem in an advanced way and facilitate the selection of the appropriate strategy (among others, in relation to the heuristic approach to assessing the performance efficiency of road intersections in urban environments from the resilience perspective, modeling the distribution of transport pollutants in a naturally ventilated road tunnel, development of a camera-based parking monitoring system with an automatic parking spot identification). In turn, due to a new approach to theoretical models (including, inter alia, problems with the safety of passengers at tram stops or energy-efficient radio platforms for the implementation of nodes of sensor networks), the publication also interests scientists and researchers carrying out research in this area. The publication entitled "Road Traffic Analysis, Theoretical Approaches and Practical Solutions" contains selected papers submitted to and presented at the 19th “Transport Systems. Theory and Practice” Scientific and Technical Conference organized by the Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics at the Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology. The conference took place on September 18–19, 2023, in Katowice (Poland).

Download or read book Traffic Engineering Handbook written by ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.

Download or read book A technique for measurement of delay at intersections written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.

Download or read book Preparing to Resume a Permissive Left turn Task written by Lingqiao Qin (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increase in the development efforts of vehicular automation, driving automation systems are expected to assist and replace human drivers to reduce traffic crashes due to human errors. Most driving automation systems to date make the task of driving a vehicle one that is shared between the system and the driver. This research aims to contribute by advancing the understanding of driver behavior in automated driving systems to develop more feasible and reliable driving automation systems when encountering permissive left-turn maneuvers. Specifically, this research examines the control transitions from automation systems to human drivers when approaching a signalized intersection and desired left-turn maneuver with permissive left turn operations in urban environments. Permissive left turns are selected because of the inherent complexities in gap selection and traffic signal phasing determination required to safely complete this maneuver.Throughout the proposed research, two key issues associated with control transitions will be conquered, which are: (1) How drivers will resume control from the automation system and complete the left-turn task at permissive left-turn signal indications; and (2) How control transitions affect traffic operations and safety of a signalized intersection. To thoroughly explore these two problems, the proposed research first examines the state-of-the-art of the levels of driving automation systems and their deficiencies. Recognizing that human drivers still need to intervene the control process and to resolve certain critical situations that currently are out of automation's limits, this research focuses on the human driver's role in a SAE Level 3 driving automation system. When the AI-powered driving automation system encounters a permissive left-turn operation at a signalized intersection, it needs to traverse the intersection efficiently and safely, or at least as well as a human driver does. Building upon the knowledge gained regarding the behavior of driving automation systems at signalized intersections, this study further examined how the vehicle control will be switched from the automation system to the human drivers. There is a need to understand the timing and the sequence of driver behavior during the takeover and the left-turn maneuvers. Therefore, the delivery of takeover requests (TORs), drivers' situational awareness, supervision over driving automation system, and takeover performances will be closely studied. Driving automation is expected to relieve drivers from the tedium of driving, opening new ways for drivers to spend their time on things of their own interest. Accordingly, non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) that could keep drivers physically and mentally occupied from driving tasks will be utilized in this research. However, making a left turn at a permissive left-turn signal indication is complex for human drivers when traffic coming from opposing direction is heavy, gaps between vehicles are tight, or the available acceptable gaps are few. The incorporation of NDRTs is intended to simulate a more realistic future situation in which distracted human drivers must resume control before or as the driving automation fails to make a left turn. Through meta-regression analysis, this research investigates how drivers would perform permissive left-turn maneuvers with different TOR lead times while engaging in NDRTs. After investigating the effects that NDRTs and TORs have on takeover behavior in the circumstance of permissive left turns, this research then models drivers' takeover behavior in VISSIM. The impact that the occurrence of taking-over control has on traffic operations at an intersection remains unknown. Accordingly, the second component of the proposed research is to examine the impact of the control transitions from automation to driver when approaching a signalized intersection where the driving automation planned to make a left turn and permissive left turn operations is detected. Multiple simulation tasks are accomplished to fill this knowledge gap. This research focuses the discussion of potential impact of takeover on traffic efficiencies on the circumstance of signalized intersections that allow for permissive left-turn maneuvers. To evaluate the throughput, delay, and queuing at an intersection where left-turning movements with mixed manual vehicles and automated driving systems are permitted, three different penetration rates of the driving automation systems will be adopted with optimized cycle lengths and signal timings. Based on the simulation results, this research identifies the impact of control transition from automation to drivers on traffic operations at a signalized intersection. The overarching goal is to identify how drivers would reclaim control from the system to complete a left-turn task and how this transition will affect the traffic speed, queue length, delay, and safety at signalized intersections. This research utilized results from existing control-transition studies and extended it to predict takeover behavior in new disengagement scenarios. The results of this research show that operating speed of vehicle before automation disengagement, lead time, driver age, and NDRTs are four main factors that affect drivers' takeover response. A XGBoost model is also developed that uses the identified influencing factors to predict drivers' takeover behavior. Through meta-regression analysis, Driver-automation system (DAS) modeling, and VISSIM simulation, it is shown that even though triggering events of disengagements could be very different, drivers' response to TORs is only determined by when to take over control and how much longitudinal and lateral control is needed. There is no previous research that has similarly combined the results of multiple studies and apply them to new scenarios. This research made a significant contribution by systematically assessing study-level results and then derive high-level summary measures of takeover behavior. Methodologically, this research has demonstrated a statistical procedure that combined data from multiple studies focusing on the same question-takeover behavior in control transitions to consolidate research evidence into a quantitative estimates of drivers' takeover behavior. How learned knowledge and quantitative estimates of takeover behavior can be incorporated in simulation is also shown in this research. A model framework capturing the interactions of a DAS during control transition in the context of PPLT scenario is also presented in this research. The core problem of a DAS in PPLT scenario is how a driver might take back control from an automation system. Automation disengagement and driver takeover behavior can be simulated by an event-based approach in VISSIM. The methods used in this research including meta-regression analysis, DAS modeling, and VISSIM simulation serve as a general framework enabling comprehensive data consolidation and knowledge enhancement and expansion. The unique model calibration method and simulation analysis in this study have potential to be used in practical engineering applications for safety evaluations of signalized intersections.

Download or read book A Technique for Measurement of Delay at Intersections Users manual written by W. R. Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Findings are presented relating to the design of a simple yet accurate technique for measurement of vehicular delay on the approach to a signalized intersection. Precise definitions were established for four measures of performance; stopped delay, time in queue delay, approach delay, and percent of vehicles stopping. Approach delay was selected as being the most representative of intersection efficiency. Four manual methods were tested in the laboratory using film taken at 10 intersections. The values thus obtained were statistically compared with true values from time-lapse photography. The point sample, stopped delay procedure, and the percent of vehicles stopping method were selected as the most promising methods for practical use and were performed in the field at three sites.

Download or read book Multiword expressions written by Manfred Sailer and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar.

Download or read book Field Testing for Automatic Identification of Turning Movements at Signalized Intersections written by Jialin Tian and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obtaining turning movement counts at signalized intersections is a routine task in traffic engineering and can be tedious and time consuming. Previous research in automating turning movement count has focused on estimating the turning movements from approach and departure volumes and developing detection systems for exclusive turning lanes. The accuracy of an alternative method, called the Time and Place System (TAPS), is examined in this research through a field study of five signalized intersections in Columbia, Missouri. TAPS uses both the locations and times of actuations from a small number of detectors to classify movements from shared approach lanes. The five intersections represent a range of geometries and signal timings. At four intersections a standard video camera was placed about 30 feet high, as close to the departure lanes as possible, to provide a reasonable view. Additional cameras showed current signal indications into the departure leg. At the fifth location a single elevated camera captured both vehicle movements and signal indications. The videotape data was used to compare TAPS results to actual flows. The errors in detections were apparently due to the sensitivity of detection system, camera angles, intersection geometries, traffic parameters and other factors. The ability of TAPS to identify turning movements at signalized intersections was supported by the study results. The information from TAPS could be used for advanced signal management, dynamic traffic assignment and traffic demand estimation.

Download or read book The Design of an Automated Traffic Counting System with Turning Movement Flow Analysis written by Ann M. Mechler and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: