Download or read book Australian Models of Labour Force Participation written by Yvonne Dunlop and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Labour Force Participation in Australia written by Australia. Bureau of Labour Market Research and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference report on theoretical aspects of labour force participation and labour supply in Australia - notes trends during 1970s; develops economic models of aggregate and individual labour supply; using survey data, discusses decision making of woman workers, esp. Married women, and school leavers. List of participants. Graphs, references, statistical tables.

Download or read book A Time Series Model for the Projection of Labour Force Participation Rates at Older Ages written by Yvonne Dunlop and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Dynamic Microsimulation Approach to Simulating the Impact of the Labour Force on Issues Relating to the Ageing Population written by Marcia Karen Keegan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This thesis begins by reviewing the literature on Australian labour force patterns and international examples of dynamic microsimulation models. It explains in some detail the development of the labour force model for APPSIM (Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model), including modelling methods used, the use of separate equations to model different groups and labour force processes and the explanatory variables considered. It then validates the model by comparing its outcomes to external benchmarks. Finally, the usefulness of the model is demonstrated by assessing the impact of three policy scenarios on labour force participation: increasing Year 12 and university attainment, increasing the labour force participation of single mothers with school-age children, and reducing the incidence and impact of disability among workers aged 45-64.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Health and Labour Force Participation written by Lixin Cai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cross National Variation in the Labour Market Participation of Married Women in Australia Canada and the United States of America written by Vera Brusentsev and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines cross-national variation in the labour force participation of married women in Australia, Canada and the USA. Initially, a basic model of labour force participation is presented using data from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). In addition two applications of the estimates follow: a simulation and a decomposition of the differential. The results of these applications confirm that variation in the probability of participation for married women can be explained by both country-specific characteristics and the differences in the responses to those characteristics.

Download or read book Who s in the Labour Force written by Australia. Bureau of Labour Market Research and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research report on the impact of demographic aspects and the opportunity for flexible arrangement of working time on labour force participation in Australia - describes labour market measurement and evaluation techniques; investigates hours of work and duration of working life; compares short time working, part time employment and disguised unemployment among men and woman workers; includes comparison of five other OECD countries; discusses training policy and employment creation measures, etc. Bibliography, graphs, statistical tables.

Download or read book Evaluation Of A Labour Market Program written by Ngoc Luan Ho Trieu and published by QESINVACC. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of survey data of retrenched workers from an Australian car plant. This report presents results of a statistical analysis of data from the two surveys of retrenched workers from the closure of a large car plant due to structural changes in the manufacturing sector of the economy. The results are used to evaluate the labour market program which aims to provide flexible packages of vocational training for workers after their retrenchment. The analysis involves the use of logistic regression models in the multivariate analysis to determine factors associated with the probability of retrenched workers’ participation in the program and their re-employment prospect, with an emphasis on training provided by the program as a factor of main interest. The interaction of training with other variables in the model is also included in the report. The report is prepared by Ngoc Luan Ho Trieu (B.Ec, B.A (University Of Western Australia), Grad.Dip.Economics, Grad.Dip.Ecometrics, M.Ec. of Development (Australian National University).

Download or read book Empirical Insights Into Australia s Labour Market written by Nhung Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax and transfer systems are critical and essential instruments for redistributing income and encouraging work incentives (Joumard et al., 2013). Like most OECD countries, Australia has a progressive income tax system where the nominal marginal tax rate increases as income grows. Personal income tax accounts for the most significant portion of tax revenue. Benefits are entitlements financed from general revenue and are either income- or asset-tested (Whiteford, 2010). The tax and transfer system aims to provide both adequate social welfare and to encourage labour participation. However, these can sometimes conflict (Adam et al., 2006; Blundell, 2002). For instance, while a tax cut may encourage work, the overall incentive to work, combined with complex changes in transfer systems such as family benefits and public pensions, may create unexpected disincentives for low-income workers to enter the labour market. Building upon these foundational issues, economists have developed several labour supply models based on the prevailing utility theory in an attempt to explain the influences of tax and transfer systems on heterogeneous groups of families and, therefore, on their labour participation decisions (Blundell, 2003; Callan et al., 2012; Meghir & Phillips, 2010). However, the standard method has several theoretical and empirical challenges as it requires assumptions about complex human behaviour rationales which may be unfounded, especially when adding tax and benefits into the model (Keane, 2010; Manski, 2014). Additionally, it is challenging to completely account for unobserved heterogeneity because, strict numeric utility maximisation may fail to obtain convergence when relaxing the distributional assumption on parameters and model specifications. Using data from nearly the past two decades, this thesis empirically investigates how financial incentives are distributed and have evolved in the Australian labour market and presents empirical evidence on how such incentives interact with people's labour supply decisions. The findings suggests heterogeneities in behaviour are underestimated in the previous literature and are conditional on the current labour market environment. Specifically, the thesis focuses on answering the following questions: What are the main determinants and the distribution of monetary work incentives provided by the tax and transfer system in Australia, and how have these evolved in the past two decades? (2) Do different population groups respond differently in their labour participation decisions when facing the same financial incentives? (3) Do the financial incentives from different sources (e.g., childcare subsidy vs income tax) have the same effect on labour force participation for mothers with young children? To study these questions, this thesis examines the changes in the labour force transitions through participation tax rate (PTR), a key indicator reflecting financial incentives offered by the tax and welfare system and illustrate the disincentives for specific family situations to enter the workforce. Additionally, the chapter uses a semi-parametric approach to estimate the relationship between the variations in the incentivise and the labour force outcome taking into account both observed characteristics directly and unobserved traits indirectly by grouping individuals with similar attributes. This methodology allows for a more nuanced examination of behavioural response heterogeneity and offers estimates on the less-explored asymmetric effects of incentives on labour supply (Bartels & Pestel, 2016). These estimations help analyse the income consequences of transitions between employment and non-employment in different population subgroups. In addition to incorporating flexible controls for age, education, and family characteristics, I conduct the analysis in smaller population cells segmented by age, gender, and marital status. This analysis aims both to capture heterogeneity and to mitigate potential bias in the estimation due to unobserved factors. Such an estimation strategy challenges the commonly disputed rationality assumption and empirically derives behavioural responses to the tax system through PTRs. Moreover, the thesis disaggregates PTRs into two components - PTR tax-benefit and PTR childcare - to exploit policy variation over time and examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of different financial incentives on participation decisions, particularly for women with young children. To provide a comprehensive view, the thesis also explores the factors that dominate changes in PTRs over time using population-wide counterfactual simulation and a Shapley-Owen decomposition model. This method contrasts with those that focus on "typical" individuals and households, capturing the actual utilisation of personal income tax and deductions in various family circumstances with differing incomes and demographic characteristics. Thus, it presents the distribution of PTRs more extensively than previous studies. The findings indicate that Australia's tax and transfer system from 2001 to 2019 enhanced work incentives, especially for low- and middle-income earners. Overall, the majority of people aged between 25 and 60 have PTRs ranging from 35% to 45%. Workers aged 40-55 have lower PTRs compared to younger workers, suggesting increased monetary incentives to work as they approach retirement age. Empirical results from a Shapley-Owen model reveal that family status is the primary factor dominating the monetary incentives imposed by Australia's tax and transfer system. This suggests that support for specific families, particularly those with children or secondary earners, plays a pivotal role in boosting labour force participation. Further, the semi-parametric estimations reveal that responses to taxation changes are highly heterogeneous, even within a group of population with similar observed characteristics, and vary based on age, income, and current PTR. This challenges the assumption underlying some policies that people within the same group will have homogenous responses. Women show greater responsiveness than men, indicating a higher elasticity of labour force participation concerning PTRs. Additionally, young people--both single and in couples--in Australia are most sensitive to changes in PTRs, which directly influence disposable income. The efficacy of PTRs in promoting labour force participation varies depending on one's current employment status. Finally, the research shows that increases in direct taxation and cash transfers have greater impact on reducing the labour supply of mothers than childcare subsidies, which are administered as consumption subsidies. Interestingly, single mothers are less responsive to changes in both transfers and childcare subsidies. These observations suggest distinct effect of monetary support through different welfare channels and underscore the need for policymakers to recalibrate benefit structures carefully to balance financial assistance with workforce engagement incentives. They also suggest that interventions targeting childcare subsidies may offer greater potential to enhance women's labour market engagement.

Download or read book Australia s Labour Force and the Ageing Population written by Marcia Keegan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population ageing is expected to create severe fiscal pressures for governments. Labour force participation will become an increasingly important issue as the population ages. People who are employed pay taxes, accumulate superannuation and claim less social security, improving the budget balance and making more funds available for Australia's increasing health care, pensions and aged care needs. Promoting labour force participation has been suggested by Treasury and the Productivity Commission as a means of reducing future fiscal pressures caused by the ageing population. This book explains how dynamic microsimulation modelling can be used to simulate Australia's future labour force. It uses the Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model, APPSIM, to simulate the impact of a number of scenarios on future labour force participation and superannuation balances.

Download or read book Business Cycle Characteristics of the Australian Labour Market with an Endogenous Participation Rate written by Andrew Evans and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a SVAR model to analyse gross flows of workers between the states of employment, unemployment and non-participation in the Australian labour market. We determine the cyclicality of stocks, gross flows and state transition rates by examining their responses to business cycle shocks. We use the derived cyclicality of transition rates to characterise labour force inflows and outflows as being consistent in aggregate with either the Discouraged-Worker Effect or the Added-Worker Effect. We find evidence that the total participation rate is procyclical which means that the Discouraged-Worker Effect is dominant overall, but also find that the Added-Worker Effect is dominant in several particular types of transition. We also apply shocks to gross flows between employment and unemployment and find that unemployment inflows are more important than outflows to the evolution of the unemployment rate. We find that participation decisions make only a small contribution to unemployment relative to flows between employment and unemployment.

Download or read book Balancing Families and Work written by Christabel M. Young and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Australian Labour Market written by Keith Whitfield and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1987 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Microeconomic Study of Labour Force Participation at Older Ages written by A. D. Woodland and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Laggards and Leaders in Labour Market Reform written by Jenny Corbett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-09-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A flexible labour market is widely regarded as a key factor in encouraging economic growth and prosperity. In recent years some economies have successfully reformed their labour markets, making part-time and flexible hours easier, limiting the restrictive practices of trade unions, encouraging training and the enhancement of the skills of those in the labour market, coping with the changing age profile of the workforce and in other ways. Other economies have been less successful at labour market reform and continue to struggle with outdated structures and practices. This book discusses the key elements of labour market reform, contrasting a country where reforms have been successfully carried through, Australia, with a country where reforms have been less successful, Japan. At the same time, this book challenges the conventional view that Australia is the lucky country for all its workers – given the rising hours worked for those in work and the difficulties for young people entering the labour market. Both countries also face issues in terms of an ageing population, and policy challenges in the design of safety nets and pension provision. The book thereby demonstrates to analysts of labour market reform worldwide the key elements of successful labour market reform, and the consequential effects when the reforms are carried through, or not.

Download or read book The Labour Market Component of the Summit Model written by Frank Vella and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Working Futures written by Russell D. Lansbury and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examination of the changes transforming the nature of work and employment relations in Australia. These changes include longer hours, less job security, decline in lifetime careers, drops in union membership, and little input from members of the workforce into wages and working conditions. Includes contributor notes, references and index. Callus is Associate Professor and Director of ACIRRT, University of Sydney. Lansbury is Professor and Associate Dean in the Faculty of Economics and Business, at same.