Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy Based Eddy Current Imaging and Characterization of Composite and Nanocomposite Materials Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) based eddy current imaging technique has been used to characterize carbon fiber reinforced composites and carbon nanofibers nanocomposite. The surface topography and eddy current images of the same region of the sample acquired at the same time are presented. While the contrast in AFM images is due to surface topography variations, the contrast in the eddy current images is due to the local variation in the electrical conductivity of the sample. The results show that the combined techniques of AFM and eddy current imaging can be used effectively to investigate the distribution, dispersion of the carbon fibers in the polymer matrix and the fiber matrix interphase. An enhanced contrast at the interface between the fiber and the matrix has been observed in the eddy current images. The implications of the improved contrast in eddy current images and its application to investigation of fiber-matrix interface/interphase in carbon fiber polymer matrix composites is discussed.

Download or read book Design and Development of Scanning Eddy Current Force Microscopy for Characterization of Electrical Magnetic and Ferroelectric Properties with Nanometer Resolution written by Vijayaraghava Nalladega and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the design and development of a new high-resolution electrical conductivity imaging technique combining the basic principles of eddy currents and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An electromagnetic coil is used to generate eddy currents in an electrically conducting material. The eddy currents induced in the sample are detected and measured with a magnetic tip attached to the AFM cantilever. The interaction of eddy currents with the magnetic tip-cantilever is theoretically modeled. The model is then used to estimate the eddy current forces generated in a typical metallic material placed in induced current field. The magnitude of the eddy current force is directly proportional to the electrical conductivity of the sample. The theoretical eddy current forces are used to design a magnetic tip-cantilever system with appropriate magnetic field and spring constant to facilitate the development of a high-resolution, high sensitivity electrical conductivity imaging technique. The technique is used to experimentally measure eddy current forces in metals of different conductivities and compared with theoretical and finite element models. The experimental results show that the technique is capable of measuring pN range eddy current forces. The experimental eddy current forces are used to determine the electrical resistivity of a thin copper wire and the experimental value agrees with the bulk resistivity of copper reported in literature. The imaging capabilities of the new technique are demonstrated by imaging the electrical conductivity variations in a composite sample and a dual-phase titanium alloy in lift mode AFM. The results indicate that this technique can be used to detect very small variations in electrical conductivity. The spatial resolution of the technique is determined to be about 25 nm by imaging carbon nanofibers reinforced in polymer matrix. Since AFM is extensively used to characterize nanomaterials, the newly developed technique is used to characterize metallic nanoparticles. The results showed for the first time that it is possible to image helicons in nanometallic particles at low electromagnetic frequencies using an AFM. The theoretical analysis of the helicons in nanostructured materials is presented using the concept of effective mass of electrons. The primary objective of the research work reported in this dissertation is to develop a high-resolution electrical conductivity imaging system. However, the interaction of induced currents with different materials gives rise to different interaction forces. If an appropriate probe and an imaging mode are used, different material properties can be characterized using the same experimental setup. Therefore, in this study, magneto-acoustic, magnetic and dielectric properties of materials placed in induced current fields are studied. The modifications necessary to image these properties are discussed in detail. The advantages, limitations and applications of the new methodology are discussed.

Download or read book Atomic force Microscopy and Its Applications written by Tomasz Tański and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic force microscopy is a surface analytical technique used in air, liquids or a vacuum to generate very high-resolution topographic images of a surface, down to atomic resolution. This book is not only for students but also for professional engineers who are working in the industry as well as specialists. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the new trends, research results and development of atomic force microscopy. The chapters for this book have been written by respected and well-known researchers and specialists from different countries. We hope that after studying this book, you will have objective knowledge about the possible uses of atomic force microscopy in many scientific aspects of our civilisation.

Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy written by Bessie Moss and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force Microscopy: Principles, Developments and Applications presents Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) as one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of morphologies because it creates three-dimensional images at the angstrom and nano scale. This technique has been exhaustively used in the analyses of the dispersion of nanometric components in nanocomposites and in polymeric blends because of the easiness of the sample preparation and lower equipment maintenance costs compared to the electron microscopy. Contributions to different application areas using the AFM are described, emphasizing the analysis of the morphology of composites/nanocomposites and polymeric blends based on elastomeric materials. Following this, the authors examine the basic concept of DEP and its integration with AFM to generate DEP, as well as review DEP-based AFM methods of imaging local electric polarizability with nanoscale spatial resolution. The direct measurement of DEP strength and polarity using a multi-pass AFM technique is described, contributing to the optimization and calibration of DEP integrated nano-devices for the effective control and manipulation of target biomolecules. The combination of in situ AFM-study of model crystals and ex situ-scanning of natural crystals makes it possible to carry out a partial reconstruction of natural crystallogenetics processes. With the use of these methods and microtomography, the authors estimate the concentration of silica in the mother solution at the time of capture of inclusions was estimated for the first time. Next, a study is presented with the goal of evaluating the morphology of surface asphalt films obtained through spin coating and characterized by AFM. The samples were pure asphalt and modified with two types of asphaltenes called continental type and archipelago type. The asphaltene fractions in the micellar system define the morphological stability of the asphalt resulting from a contribution of all the existing forces between the supramolecules of the system. The closing study presents in situ AFM investigations of crystal dissolution. The statistical data shows considerable differences in tangential dissolution rate on the two spirals consisting of nine and four screw dislocations.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization written by Chandra Shakher Pathak and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy written by Seizo Morita and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the original publication of Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy in 2002, the noncontact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM) has achieved remarkable progress. This second treatment deals with the following outstanding recent results obtained with atomic resolution since then: force spectroscopy and mapping with atomic resolution; tuning fork; atomic manipulation; magnetic exchange force microscopy; atomic and molecular imaging in liquids; and other new technologies. These results and technologies are now helping evolve NC-AFM toward practical tools for characterization and manipulation of individual atoms/molecules and nanostructures with atomic/subatomic resolution. Therefore, the book exemplifies how NC-AFM has become a crucial tool for the expanding fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy Based Electrical Characterization of Materials written by Alba Avila and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book introduces the fundamental measurement concepts of the rapidly evolving atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques for electrical characterization (EFM). It describes experimental approaches and setups, as well as challenges to overcome, and it also provides a wide range of real-world examples illustrating the method. This comprehensive guide for EFM techniques and their applications is an excellent reference for those working on microscopy in different fields, making the methods more accessible to a wider audience and enabling readers to explore the numerous possibilities of electrical techniques as research tools.

Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy in Optical Imaging and Characterization written by Martin Veis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force Microscopy in Optical Imaging and Characterization.

Download or read book Introduction to Nanofiber Materials written by Frank K. Ko and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest coverage of the fundamentals and applications of nanofibrous materials and their structures for graduate students and researchers, this book bridges the communication gap between fiber technologists and materials scientists and engineers. Featuring intensive coverage of electroactive, bioactive and structural nanofibers, it provides a comprehensive collection of processing conditions for electrospinning and includes recent advances in nanoparticle-/nanotube-based nanofibers. The book also covers mechanical properties of fibers and fibrous assemblies, as well as characterization methods.

Download or read book Smart Composites written by Rani Elhajjar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Composites: Mechanics and Design addresses the current progress in the mechanics and design of smart composites and multifunctional structures. Divided into three parts, it covers characterization of properties, analyses, and design of various advanced composite material systems with an emphasis on the coupled mechanical and non-mechanical behaviors. Part one includes analyses of smart materials related to electrically conductive, magnetostrictive nanocomposites and design of active fiber composites. These discussions include several techniques and challenges in manufacturing smart composites and characterizing coupled properties, as well as the analyses of composite structures at various length and time scales undergoing coupled mechanical and non-mechanical stimuli considering elastic, viscoelastic (and/or viscoplastic), fatigue, and damage behaviors. Part two is dedicated to a higher-scale analysis of smart structures with topics such as piezoelectrically actuated bistable composites, wing morphing design using macrofiber composites, and multifunctional layered composite beams. The analytical expressions for characterization of the smart structures are presented with an attention to practical application. Finally, part three presents recent advances regarding sensing and structural health monitoring with a focus on how the sensing abilities can be integrated within the material and provide continuous sensing, recognizing that multifunctional materials can be designed to both improve and enhance the health-monitoring capabilities and also enable effective nondestructive evaluation. Smart Composites: Mechanics and Design is an essential text for those interested in materials that not only possess the classical properties of stiffness and strength, but also act as actuators under a variety of external stimuli, provide passive and active response to enable structural health monitoring, facilitate advanced nondestructive testing strategies, and enable shape-changing and morphing structures.

Download or read book Magnetoelectric Composites written by Mirza I. Bichurin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to modeling and application of magnetoelectric (ME) effects in layered and bulk composites based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. Currently, numerous theoretical and experimental studies on ME composites are available but few on the development and research of instruments based on them. So far, only investigation of ME magnetic field sensors has been cited in the existing literature. However, these studies have finally resulted in the creation of low-frequency ME magnetic field sensors with parameters substantially exceeding the characteristics of Hall sensors. The book presents the authors’ many years of experience gained in ME composites and through creation of device models based on their studies. It describes low-frequency ME devices, such as current and position sensors and energy harvesters, and microwave ME devices, such as antennas, attenuators, filters, gyrators, and phase shifters.

Download or read book Self healing Materials written by Swapan Kumar Ghosh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-04 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers self-healing concepts for all important material classes and their applications: polymers, ceramics, non-metallic and metallic coatings, alloys, nanocomposites, concretes and cements, as well as ionomers. Beginning with the inspiration from biological self-healing, its mimickry and conceptual transfer into approaches for the self-repair of artificially created materials, this book explains the strategies and mechanisms for the readers' basic understanding, then covers the different material classes and suitable self-healing concepts, giving examples for their application in practical situations. As the first book in this swiftly growing research field, it is of great interest to readers from many scientific and engineering disciplines, such as physics and chemistry, civil, architectural, mechanical, electronics and aerospace engineering.

Download or read book Microwave Absorbing Materials written by Yuping Duan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the phenomenal development of electromagnetic wave communication devices and stealth technology, electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have been attracting attention as antielectromagnetic interference slabs, stealth materials, self-concealing technology, and microwave darkrooms. This book starts with the fundamental theory of electromagnetic wave absorption in loss medium space, followed by a discussion of different microwave absorbents, such as manganese dioxide, iron-based composite powder, conductive polyaniline, barium titanate powder, and manganese nitride. Then, structural absorbing materials are explored, including multilayer materials, new discrete absorbers, microwave absorption coatings, cement-based materials, and structural pyramid materials. Many of the graphics demonstrate not only the principles of physics and experimental results but also the methodology of computing. The book will be useful for graduate students of materials science and engineering, physics, chemistry, and electrical and electronic engineering; researchers in the fields of electromagnetic functional materials and nanoscience; and engineers in the fields of electromagnetic compatibility and stealth design.

Download or read book Thin Film Analysis by X Ray Scattering written by Mario Birkholz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by Paul F. Fewster and Christoph Genzel While X-ray diffraction investigation of powders and polycrystalline matter was at the forefront of materials science in the 1960s and 70s, high-tech applications at the beginning of the 21st century are driven by the materials science of thin films. Very much an interdisciplinary field, chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, physicists and engineers all have a common interest in thin films and their manifold uses and applications. Grain size, porosity, density, preferred orientation and other properties are important to know: whether thin films fulfill their intended function depends crucially on their structure and morphology once a chemical composition has been chosen. Although their backgrounds differ greatly, all the involved specialists a profound understanding of how structural properties may be determined in order to perform their respective tasks in search of new and modern materials, coatings and functions. The author undertakes this in-depth introduction to the field of thin film X-ray characterization in a clear and precise manner.

Download or read book Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Antonio Lopez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater deals with advanced technological solutions for the treatment of industrial wastewater such as aerobic granular biomass based systems, advanced oxidation processes integrated with biological treatments, membrane contactors and membrane chemical reactors. Wastewater from pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries as well as landfill leachates are specifically considered as representative of major problems encountered when treating industrial streams. The economic and environmental sustainability of the above solutions are also reported in the book and compared with the alternatives currently available in the market by life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodologies. The implementation of the considered solutions at large scale could support and enhance the competitiveness of different industrial sectors, including the water technology sector, in the global market. Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater also makes a contribution towards defining: new concepts, processes and technologies in wastewater treatment with potential benefits for the stable quality of effluents, energy and operational costs saving, and the protection of the environment new sets of advanced standards for wastewater treatment new methodologies for the definition of wastewater treatment needs and framework conditions new information supporting development and implementation of water legislation.

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Paradigms of Computing Communication and Data Sciences written by Mayank Dave and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents best selected papers presented at the International Conference on Paradigms of Computing, Communication and Data Sciences (PCCDS 2020), organized by National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India, during 1–3 May 2020. It discusses high-quality and cutting-edge research in the areas of advanced computing, communications and data science techniques. The book is a collection of latest research articles in computation algorithm, communication and data sciences, intertwined with each other for efficiency.

Download or read book Organization of the Extracellular Matrix written by Laszlo Modis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes analysis techniques and results of topics such as physical backgrounds, chemical backgrounds, and principal methods of topo-optical reactions used in ultrastructure research of the ECM; orientation patterns of GAGs and collagen in different tissues/cartilage, cornea, kidney basement membranes, and skin; factors involved in the formation of submicroscopically ordered matrix structure; and cell-matrix interactions, including cytoskeleton-cell-membrane-matrix relationships. A summarization of the advantages and limitations of polarization microscopy compared to electron microscopy in ultracellular research is also included. Cell biologists, histologists, pathologists, and biochemists in connective tissue research will find this book to be an invaluable reference tool.