Download or read book Studies of Atmospheric Structure and the Variability of the Earth s Atmosphere written by R. A. Minzner and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a report prepared for the intermediate altitude region (the lower thermosphere, lying between about 100 and 200 km). This region dif fers considerably from the lowest one, in which the volume of data makes statistical methods of analysis appropriate. For the highest region, a considerable amount of satellite data is available and the behavior of the atmosphere is reasonably well understood. Some rocket data is available for the lower thermosphere, but most of the meas uring instruments are experimental and a major part of the data analysis consists in studying the physics of the various corrections or calibra tion factors required. At the upper end of the altitude regime some satellite data is available. New density data includes the results from flights of two types of falling spheres, results from the diffusion of chemical clouds, and data from drag effects on three satellites with perigee altitudes near 200 km. The satellite data indicates a de pendence of density on the value of the magnetic A sub p index. Otherwise, the data shows more variation with the method of measurement and data reduction than actual variation of the atmosphere. (Author).
Download or read book Structure and Variability of Earth s Atmosphere written by R. A. Minzner and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Variability in Areas of Convective Storms Determined from 3 h Rawinsonde Data written by Gregory Sims Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Variability written by David Rees and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contract has supported an extensive programme of atmospheric and ionospheric modelling, aimed at examining Atmospheric Structure and Variability, using the CRAY XMP-48 and the CRAY 2S machines. A technique of forcing tidal and other natural atmospheric fluctuations at the lower boundary of the present version of the 3-dimensional, time-dependent global thermosphere-ionosphere model has been developed. Also, a series of numerical studies have been carried out into the modelled response of the thermosphere during a series of geomagnetic storms in 1981 and 1982, observed by the Dynamics Explorer-2 spacecraft. Further studies have concentrated on using these models for studies of thermosphere - ionosphere coupling, atmospheric density, lower atmospheric tides, participation in the analysis and interpretation of empirical data obtained during the 'Lower Thermosphere Coupling Study', the mid- and low-latitude ionospheric effects of geomagnetic storms, and for studies of the solar activity and geomagnetic activity causes of variations of lower thermospheric atomic oxygen and nitric oxide densities. Keywords: Atmospheric density, Atmospheric tides, Ionosphere-thermosphere coupling, Geomagnetic storm effects, Atomic oxygen, Nitric oxide, Great Britain. (JHD).
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere written by PLUMB and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variations in the Region from 25 to 120 Km written by Gerald V. Groves and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report has been prepared as part of the activities of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) panel on a new reference atmosphere, which will aid in the design of aircraft, missiles and satellites. It combines a review of observational results obtained over approximately the last six years on temperature, pressure, density and winds with new models for the seasonal and latitudinal dependence of these parameters at heights from 25 km to the lower thermosphere. The temperature, pressure and density models extend from 25 to 110 km and are identical with those previously given in Report AFCRL-70-0261, May 1970 (Air Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 218). W-E wind models are presented separately for the regions 25 to 60 km and 60 to (approximately) 120 km. Three W-E wind models from 25 to 60 km are presented corresponding to N. American data, European/W. Asian data, and S. Hemisphere data. A model for the quasi-biennial oscillation in W-E winds at low latitudes is given. Other variations, such as diurnal (tidal) variations, and S-N winds are dealt with in the review of observational data.
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review constitutes a revision and up-dating of the report, Atmospheric Structure and its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere (AD-417 201). It has been prepared for inclusion as an appendix in the proposed new edition of the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA). New density data presented and discussed include the results of four falling-sphere density measurements made at White Sands, New Mexico, and densities deduced from drag effects on Explorer XVII and other satellites. The satellite density data is compared with the predictions of several models of Jacchia and Harris and Priester. Temperature data include revised values deduced by Blamont from Doppler broadening of sodium and potassium resonance lines. The new values are in better agreement with theoretical models than the earlier results. Recent composition results include number densities of O2, N2 and O calculated from ultraviolet absorption measurements by Hinteregger, and values of mean molecular mass from Explorer XVII and the rocket measurements of Nier and Schaefer. (Author).
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variation in the Region 20 to 120 Km written by K. Labitzke and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure Variations Modelling of Atmospheric Structure 70 130 Km written by Gerald V. Groves and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and numerical analysis of data were applied to a number of leading problems of atmospheric structure in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere during the three years of theis project. Three investigations occupied the first 18 months and concerned: (1) Diurnal and semidiurnal tidal dissipation of momentum and energy in the upper atmosphere, (2) The modelling of O distribution from 85 km to the turbopause and (3) An empirical model for solar cycle changes in mesospheric structure. During the second part of the project, attention was concentrated on: (4) Atmospheric modelling of the intermediate region (70-130km) between given models for the lower (up to 70 km) region and the upper (above 130 km) region. A preliminary report of this work, to the extent that it might meet the needs of a new COSPAR reference atmosphere, was presented at the 1986 COSPAR meeting and a detailed report of the theory and analyses was subsequently completed.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program Atmospheric structure and its variation in the region 20 to 120 KM draft of a new reference middle atmosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Revised and Supplementary Atmospheres and Structures and Variability of the Earth s Atmosphere Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Variability in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure Over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific written by Bingfan Yin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Theoretical Analysis of the Past Variations in Global Atmospheric Composition and Temperature Structure written by Donald J. Wuebbles and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Science written by John M. Wallace and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-03-24 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Science, Second Edition, is the long-awaited update of the classic atmospheric science text, which helped define the field nearly 30 years ago and has served as the cornerstone for most university curricula. Now students and professionals alike can use this updated classic to understand atmospheric phenomena in the context of the latest discoveries, and prepare themselves for more advanced study and real-life problem solving. This latest edition of Atmospheric Science, has been revamped in terms of content and appearance. It contains new chapters on atmospheric chemistry, the Earth system, the atmospheric boundary layer, and climate, as well as enhanced treatment of atmospheric dynamics, radiative transfer, severe storms, and global warming. The authors illustrate concepts with full-color, state-of-the-art imagery and cover a vast amount of new information in the field. Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises help students apply basic physical principles to atmospheric problems. There are also biographical footnotes summarizing the work of key scientists, along with a student companion website that hosts climate data; answers to quantitative exercises; full solutions to selected exercises; skew-T log p chart; related links, appendices; and more. The instructor website features: instructor’s guide; solutions to quantitative exercises; electronic figures from the book; plus supplementary images for use in classroom presentations. Meteorology students at both advanced undergraduate and graduate levels will find this book extremely useful. Full-color satellite imagery and cloud photographs illustrate principles throughout Extensive numerical and qualitative exercises emphasize the application of basic physical principles to problems in the atmospheric sciences Biographical footnotes summarize the lives and work of scientists mentioned in the text, and provide students with a sense of the long history of meteorology Companion website encourages more advanced exploration of text topics: supplementary information, images, and bonus exercises
Download or read book Structure and Causes of Variability in Earth s Surface Air Temperature at the Local to Global Level written by Beatrice Marie Ellerhoff and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
