Download or read book Astronomy and the Maya Calendar Correlation written by Paul Douglas Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calendars and Years written by John M. Steele and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2007-10-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dates form the backbone of written history. But where do these dates come from? Many different calendars were used in the ancient world. Some of these calendars were based upon observations or calculations of regular astronomical phenomena, such as the first sighting of the new moon crescent that defined the beginning of the month in many calendars, while others incorporated schematic simplifications of these phenomena, such as the 360-day year used in early Mesopotamian administrative practices in order to simplify accounting procedures. Historians frequently use handbooks and tables for converting dates in ancient calendars into the familiar BC/AD calendar that we use today. But very few historians understand how these tables have come about, or what assumptions have been made in their construction. The seven papers in this volume provide an answer to the question what do we know about the operation of calendars in the ancient world, and just as importantly how do we know it? Topics covered include the ancient and modern history of the Egyptian 365-day calendar, astronomical and administrative calendars in ancient Mesopotamia, and the development of astronomical calendars in ancient Greece. This book will be of interest to ancient historians, historians of science, astronomers who use early astronomical records, and anyone with an interest in calendars and their development.
Download or read book The Venus Cycle written by and published by Alpharabius. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A different perspective… Starting in Sultanahmet—the historic peninsula of Istanbul—with an adventure, this novel takes you through a joyous journey in the depths of history. When you become aware that the content of the Sumerian tablet texts are not simply mythical but rather full of information shedding light unto truth, you will have a new perspective on life. This book makes us cognizant of the fact, in all its veracity, that the mistakes humanity has been continuing to make over the course of history, the wars, and the indifferent misuse and overuse of all the sources of nature are bringing the Earth to the edge of becoming an uninhabitable realm; and that the way to stop all this lies in the mercy of humanity’s mind and conscience. I finished reading my father’s book in a breath. Uçan Kuş If you have stumbled upon this book, beware! If you say, “I like stretching the boundaries of my imagination, and I am open to new information and perspectives.”, know that you have caught hold of a very special book, and start reading immediately. Do not read this book if you are not ready to extend the boundaries of your imagination, and if you are not ready for change. This book, which has been fictionalized by the author through his unlimited imagination and rich accumulation of information and knowledge, will be making you surf on the waves of the oceans of history, mythology, astrology, anthropology and sociology, eventually reaching at the current times. Well, it is at that moment that you will start to view the world in a different perspective. Haçe This is an original work of writing in which fantastic literature and myths mingle… This novel, which synthesizes the human history that is laden with mysteries and unknowns with fantastic elements, makes the reader question the validity of what she had been presuming as the truth, making her stupefied, and agitated. As you are strolling through the mysterious labyrinths of the history of humanity in this gripping adventure, which reminds us how little we know about the real story of the planet where we inhabit, your universe of thoughts will broaden, and you will start viewing the history and the myths with a completely different pair of spectacles. The doors to a different perspective on truth will be slit open in your minds… Gezegen
Download or read book Star Gods of the Maya written by Susan Milbrath and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A prodigious work of unmatched interdisciplinary scholarship” on Maya astronomy and religion (Journal of Interdisciplinary History). Observations of the sun, moon, planets, and stars played a central role in ancient Maya lifeways, as they do today among contemporary Maya who maintain the traditional ways. This pathfinding book reconstructs ancient Maya astronomy and cosmology through the astronomical information encoded in Pre-Columbian Maya art and confirmed by the current practices of living Maya peoples. Susan Milbrath opens the book with a discussion of modern Maya beliefs about astronomy, along with essential information on naked-eye observation. She devotes subsequent chapters to Pre-Columbian astronomical imagery, which she traces back through time, starting from the Colonial and Postclassic eras. She delves into many aspects of the Maya astronomical images, including the major astronomical gods and their associated glyphs, astronomical almanacs in the Maya codices and changes in the imagery of the heavens over time. This investigation yields new data and a new synthesis of information about the specific astronomical events and cycles recorded in Maya art and architecture. Indeed, it constitutes the first major study of the relationship between art and astronomy in ancient Maya culture. “Milbrath has given us a comprehensive reference work that facilitates access to a very broad and varied body of literature spanning several disciplines.” ―Isis “Destined to become a standard reference work on Maya archeoastronomy . . . Utterly comprehensive.” —Andrea Stone, Professor of Art History, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Download or read book Maya E Groups written by David A. Freidel and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As complex societies emerged in the Maya lowlands during the first millennium BCE, so did stable communities focused around public squares and the worship of a divine ruler tied to a Maize God cult. “E Groups,” central to many of these settlements, are architectural complexes: typically, a long platform supporting three struc¬tures and facing a western pyramid across a formal plaza. Aligned with the movements of the sun, E Groups have long been interpreted as giant calendrical devices crucial to the rise of Maya civilization. This volume presents new archaeological data to reveal that E Groups were constructed earlier than previously thought. In fact, they are the earliest identifiable architectural plan at many Maya settlements. More than just astronomical observatories or calendars, E Groups were a key element of community organization, urbanism, and identity in the heart of the Maya lowlands. They served as gathering places for emerging communities and centers of ritual; they were the very first civic-religious public architecture in the Maya lowlands. Investigating a wide variety of E Group sites—including some of the most famous like the Mundo Perdido in Tikal and the hitherto little known complex at Chan, as well as others in Ceibal, El Palmar, Cival, Calakmul, Caracol, Xunantunich, Yaxnohcah, Yaxuná, and San Bartolo—this volume pieces together the development of social and political complexity in ancient Maya civilization. James Aimers | Anthony F. Aveni | Jamie J. Awe | Boris Beltran | M. Kathryn Brown | Arlen F. Chase | Diane Z. Chase | Anne S. Dowd | James Doyle | Francisco Estrada-Belli | David A. Freidel | Julie A. Hoggarth | Takeshi Inomata | Patricia A. Mcanany | Susan Milbrath | Jerry Murdock | Kathryn Reese-Taylor | Prudence M. Rice | Cynthia Robin | Franco D. Rossi | Jeremy A. Sabloff | William A. Saturno | Travis W. Stanton A volume in the series Maya Studies, edited by Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase
Download or read book The Maya Calendar written by Weldon Lamb and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 1,800 years ago, speakers of proto-Ch’olan, the ancestor of three present-day Maya languages, had developed a calendar of eighteen twenty-day months plus a set of five days for a total of 365 days. This original Maya calendar, used extensively during the Classic period (200–900 CE), recorded in hieroglyphic inscriptions the dates of dynastic and cosmological importance. Over time, and especially after the Mayas’ contact with Europeans, the month names that had originated with these inscriptions developed into fourteen distinct traditions, each connected to a different ethnic group. Today, the glyphs encompass 250 standard forms, variants, and alternates, with about 570 meanings among all the cognates, synonyms, and homonyms. In The Maya Calendar, Weldon Lamb collects, defines, and correlates the month names in every recorded Maya calendrical tradition from the first hieroglyphic inscriptions to the present—an undertaking critical to unlocking and understanding the iconography and cosmology of the ancient Maya world. Mining data from astronomy, ethnography, linguistics, and epigraphy, and working from early and modern dictionaries of the Maya languages, Lamb pieces together accurate definitions of the month names in order to compare them across time and tradition. His exhaustive process reveals unsuspected parallels. Three-fourths of the month names, he shows, still derive from those of the original hieroglyphic inscriptions. Lamb also traces the relationship between month names as cognates, synonyms, or homonyms, and then reconstructs each name’s history of development, connecting the Maya month names in several calendars to ancient texts and archaeological finds. In this landmark study, Lamb’s investigations afford new insight into the agricultural, astronomical, ritual, and even political motivations behind names and dates in the Maya calendar. A history of descent and diffusion, of unexpected connectedness and longevity, The Maya Calendar offers readers a deep understanding of a foundational aspect of Maya culture.
Download or read book Cycles of the Sun Mysteries of the Moon written by Vincent H. Malmström and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simple question "How did the Maya come up with a calendar that had only 260 days?" led Vincent Malmström to discover an unexpected "hearth" of Mesoamerican culture. In this boldly revisionist book, he sets forth his challenging, new view of the origin and diffusion of Mesoamerican calendrical systems—the intellectual achievement that gave rise to Mesoamerican civilization and culture. Malmström posits that the 260-day calendar marked the interval between passages of the sun at its zenith over Izapa, an ancient ceremonial center in the Soconusco region of Mexico's Pacific coastal plain. He goes on to show how the calendar developed by the Zoque people of the region in the fourteenth century B.C. gradually diffused through Mesoamerica into the so-called "Olmec metropolitan area" of the Gulf coast and beyond to the Maya in the east and to the plateau of Mexico in the west. These findings challenge our previous understanding of the origin and diffusion of Mesoamerican civilization. Sure to provoke lively debate in many quarters, this book will be important reading for all students of ancient Mesoamerica—anthropologists, archaeologists, archaeoastronomers, geographers, and the growing public fascinated by all things Maya.
Download or read book Calendrical Calculations written by Nachum Dershowitz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanded coverage includes generic cyclical calendars, astronomical lunar calendars, and the Korean, Vietnamese, Aztec, and Tibetan calendars.
Download or read book The Birth of a Universe The Maya Science of Pregnancy written by Apab'yan Tew and published by Jade Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So begins The Birth of a Universe, a profound exegesis by Apabyan Tew, a K'iche Maya midwife and daykeeper. We are bound to the ancient 260-day Maya calendar just as we are bound to the planets that gave birth to that divinatory calendar, our conception, growth, and destiny guided by nawales, the spirits of the days. This system, where everything in intertwined and shapes the nature of the soul and consciousness, is the essence of Maya science. Westerners may divide indigenous science into various disciplines such as physics and astronomy. The vital details of the parents' circumstances and emotions at the moment of conception some would call psychology, a psychology that takes into account every intense mood and feeling-the very atmosphere-from the sexual act to the miraculous birth of the child. Others would call the daykeeper's acute analysis of consciousness, spirit, gender, and material status a new (though age-old) philosophy. Like all well-wrought philosophies, this one is intricate and complex. In fact, it reflects a rational world grounded in earth and sky, basic human emotions and urges, as well as invisible forces.This wise, sometimes esoteric volume is an antidote to chaos, presenting a Unified Theory of Birth that opens a pathway to the fates and to the eternal.
Download or read book An Introduction to the Study of the Maya Hieroglyphs written by Sylvanus Griswold Morley and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 1975 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book At the Crossroads of the Earth and the Sky written by Gary Urton and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Above Misminay, the sky also is so divided by the alternation of the two axes of the Milky Way passing through the zenith. This mirror-image quadri-partition of terrestrial and celestial spheres is such that a point within one of the quarters of the earth is related to a point within the corresponding celestial quarter. The transition between the earth and the sky occurs at the horizon, where sacred mountains are related to topographic and celestial features. Based on fieldwork in Misminay, Peru, Gary Urton details a cosmology in which the Milky Way is central. This is the first study that provides a description and analysis of the astronomical and cosmological system in a contemporary community in the Americas. Separate chapters take up the sun, the moon, meteorological phenomena, the stars, and the planets. Star-to-star constellations, the "animal" dark-cloud constellations that cut through the Milky Way, and certain twilight- and midnight-zenith stars are analyzed in terms of their spatial and temporal integration within an indigenous cosmological framework. Urton breaks new ground by demonstrating the indigenous merging of such forms of "precise knowledge" as astronomy, meteorology, agriculture, and the correlation of astronomical and biological cycles within a single calendar system. More than sixty diagrams clarify this Quechua system of astronomy and relate it to more familiar principles of Western astronomy and cosmology.
Download or read book The Mayan Calendar and the Transformation of Consciousness written by Carl Johan Calleman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals the Mayan calendar to be a spiritual device that describes the evolution of human consciousness from ancient times into the future • Shows the connection between cosmic evolution and actual human history • Provides a new science of time that explains why time not only seems to be speeding up in the modern world but is actually getting faster • Explains how the end of the Mayan calendar is not the end of the world, but a path toward enlightenment The prophetic Mayan calendar is not keyed to the movement of planetary bodies. Instead, it functions as a metaphysical map of the evolution of consciousness and records how spiritual time flows--providing a new science of time. The calendar is associated with nine creation cycles, which represent nine levels of consciousness or Underworlds on the Mayan cosmic pyramid. Through empirical research Calleman shows how this pyramidal structure of the development of consciousness can explain things as disparate as the common origin of world religions and the modern complaint that time seems to be moving faster. Time, in fact, is speeding up as we transition from the materialist Planetary Underworld of time that governs us today to a new and higher frequency of consciousness--the Galactic Underworld--in preparation for the final Universal level of conscious enlightenment. Calleman reveals how the Mayan calendar is a spiritual device that enables a greater understanding of the nature of conscious evolution throughout human history and the concrete steps we can take to align ourselves with this growth toward enlightenment.
Download or read book The Madrid Codex written by Gabrielle Vail and published by . This book was released on 2009-03-31 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers new calendrical models and methodologies for reading, dating, and interpreting the general significance of the Madrid Codex. The longest of the surviving Maya codices, this manuscript includes texts and images painted by scribes conversant in Maya hieroglyphic writing, a written means of communication practiced by Maya elites from the second to the fifteenth centuries A.D. Some scholars have recently argued that the Madrid Codex originated in the Petén region of Guatemala and postdates European contact. The contributors to this volume challenge that view by demonstrating convincingly that it originated in northern Yucatán and was painted in the Pre-Columbian era. In addition, several contributors reveal provocative connections among the Madrid and Borgia group of codices from Central Mexico. Contributors include: Harvey M. Bricker, Victoria R. Bricker, John F. Chuchiak IV, Christine L. Hernández, Bryan R. Just, Merideth Paxton, and John Pohl. Additional support for this publication was generously provided by the Eugene M. Kayden Fund at the University of Colorado.
Download or read book Archaeoastronomy and the Maya written by Gerardo Aldana y Villalobos and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeoastronomy and the Maya illustrates archaeoastronomical approaches to ancient Mayan cultural production. The book is contextualized through a history of archaeoastronomical investigations into Mayan sites, originating in the 19th century discovery of astronomical tables within hieroglyphic books. Early 20th century archaeological excavations revealed inscriptions carved into stone that also preserved astronomical records, along with architecture that was built to reflect astronomical orientations. These materials provided the basis of a growing professionalized archaeoastronomy, blossoming in the 1970s and expanding into recent years. The chapters here exemplify the advances made in the field during the early 21st century as well as the on-going diversity of approaches, presenting new perspectives and discoveries in ancient Mayan astronomy that result from recent studies of architectural alignments, codices, epigraphy, iconography, ethnography, and calendrics. More than just investigations of esoteric ancient sciences, studies of ancient Mayan astronomy have profoundly aided our understanding of Mayan worldviews. Concepts of time and space, meanings encoded in religious art, intentions underlying architectural alignments, and even methods of political legitimization are all illuminated through the study of Mayan astronomy.
Download or read book The Role of archaeoastronomy in the Maya World written by UNESCO Office Mexico and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hamlet s Mill written by Giorgio De Santillana and published by Gambit, Incorporated, Publishers. This book was released on 1969 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How to Practice Mayan Astrology written by Bruce Scofield and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2006-11-27 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A contemporary and practical guide to Mayan astrological techniques • Discusses the logic and meaning of the 20 day-signs of the Mayan calendar • Explains the many cycles of Mayan astrology, such as the 9-day cycle of the Night Lords and the 13-day trecena • Contains extensive tables of Mayan astrological data, allowing readers to cast their own Mayan horoscopes How to Practice Mayan Astrology presents a contemporary guide to one of the most sophisticated astrological systems ever developed. Like other ancient peoples, the Maya looked to the cycles of the planets as markers of time and designators of order. The predictable cycles they observed became codified in the Mayan calendar and astrological system as a way of organizing the seeming chaos of human life. Mayan astrology is based on 20 named days that are cycled 13 times to create a 260-day calendar, the Tzolkin. The authors explain the symbolism, logic, and meaning of the 20 day-signs; how these signs reflect 260 possible personality types; and how they can be used for divination. They also explain the important role of the Four Directions and the planet Venus in one’s personality matrix and life issues. Included are extensive, easy-to-use tables of Mayan astrological data, allowing readers to determine their day-signs, to see how these signs are also influenced by the cycle of the Night Lords and the 13-day trecena, and to cast their own horoscopes.
