Download or read book Assessment of the Drug Activity of Anti infectives Against Plasmodium Falciparum and Schistosoma Mansoni written by Erik Koehne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of the Drug Activity of Anti infectives Against Plasmodium Falciparum and Schistosoma Mansoni written by Erik Johannes Koehne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasitic diseases continue to be a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Malaria, an acute and life-threatening disease, causing significant mortality, and schistosomiasis, a predominantly chronic disease leading to long-term morbidity, are often found together in the same geographical area, principally affecting people of low socioeconomic status. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are currently recommended by WHO for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated malaria. Recent reports from Southeast Asia show a delay in the clearance of malaria parasites from the bloodstream after treatment with artemisinin- based combination therapies. Thus, raising concerns that the parasites may spread from Southeast Asia to sub-Saharan Africa or occur de novo. Moreover, praziquantel is the only available drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis. However, this monotherapy presents with several challenges including that it is not active against juvenile worms and the cure rate is rarely 100%. A drug or drug combinations targeting the adult and prepatent life cycle stages of schistosomes would be more effective in treating patients and would significantly reduce pathogen transmission rates. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of compounds targeting organelles of prokaryotic descent, epigenetic regulators, and the hemozoin synthesis pathway in Plasmodium and Schistosoma parasites. The first study evaluated antibiotics for their drug activity against P. falciparum and S. mansoni. The novel synthetic halogenated tetracycline derivative eravacycline, together with tetracycline, tigecycline, doxycycline, and the lincosamide clindamycin, were evaluated for their drug activity against P. falciparum with the apicoplast investigated as a potential target. Moreover, clindamycin, doxycycline, mirincamycin, and tigecycline were tested against S. mansoni schistosomula in vitro. Eravacycline showed the highest activity of all the tetracyclines in the 3-day and 6-day assays against P. falciparum clinical isolates in Gabon. Antibiotics tested against S. mansoni were shown to be inactive in our study, though mirincamycin exhibited minimal activity. These findings show the potential of novel antibiotics, especially eravacycline, as candidate antimalarial therapies and interventions in concomitant infections. In the second study, the in vitro potency of novel HDAC-inhibitors was evaluated against P. falciparum clinical isolates collected in Lambaréné, Gabon and surrounding area. The potency of 12 peptoid-based HDAC-inhibitors of human HDAC6 against asexual stages of P. falciparum clinical isolates was investigated. All HDAC-inhibitors demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentrations at nanomolar ranges. Peptoid-based HDAC6-inhibitors should be lead structures further evaluated for the development of antimalarial chemotherapeutics and to further investigate epigenetic regulators, including HDACs, as targets in Schistosoma parasites. In the final study, 16 antiplasmodial compounds were evaluated against S. mansoni, for alternative treatment strategies of Schistosoma infections. Pyronaridine, methylene blue, and 5 other antiplasmodial compounds were highly active in vitro against the larval stage schistosomula with IC50s below 10μM. Mice infected with S. mansoni at the prepatent stage were treated with pyronaridine which reduced the worm burden by 82% and cured 7 out of 12 animals, though the adult stages remained viable. Though, on the contrary, methylene blue inhibited adult worms by 60%, but did not cure the mice. As part of an observational pilot study in Gabon, children with S. haematobium infections were treated with pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax), resulting in a reduction of eggs excreted in urine from 10/10 ml to 0/10 ml, and 3 out of 4 children were cured. Pyronaridine and methylene blue should be further investigated as candidates in humans in clinical studies for schistosomiasis treatment, since both are already approved for human use. This thesis provides innovative data on novel inhibitors targeting organelles of prokaryotic descent, epigenetic regulators, and the hemozoin synthesis pathway in Plasmodium and Schistosoma parasites. These findings will contribute to further innovation of novel inhibitors used to increase control and elimination efforts for both parasitic diseases in endemic areas. Prospective work will further evaluate novel compounds in clinical studies in humans and potentially provide more information on the targets of each of these drug classes.
Download or read book Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents written by Carlos M. Franco and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is full of plants and animals that have their own defenses, producing various substances in their daily fight against bacteria, fungi, or other agents. These products are alternatives to conventional antimicrobials that have a poor reputation with consumers. Many of these compounds are well known; however, the multiple types of structures together with the variable responses depending of the type of biocontrol needed in a wide range of applications, such as clinical, agricultural, general hygiene, and food, necessitates the continuous search for specific applications and the continuous study of how to use these substances. The present book provides a summary of reviews and original research works that explore the multiple alternatives for the use of these compounds.
Download or read book Kucers The Use of Antibiotics written by M. Lindsay Grayson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 4894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics is the definitive, internationally-authored reference, providing everything that the infectious diseases specialist and prescriber needs to know about antimicrobials in this vast and rapidly developing field. The much-expanded Seventh Edition comprises 4800 pages in 3 volumes in order to cover all new and existing therapies, and emerging drugs not yet fully licensed. Concentrating on the treatment of infectious diseases, the content is divided into four sections - antibiotics, anti-fungal drugs, anti-parasitic drugs, and anti-viral drugs - and is highly structured for ease of reference. Each chapter is organized in a consistent format, covering susceptibility, formulations and dosing (adult and pediatric), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and drug distribution, with detailed discussion regarding clinical uses - a feature unique to this title. Compiled by an expanded team of internationally renowned and respected editors, with expert contributors representing Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, South America, the US, and Canada, the Seventh Edition adopts a truly global approach. It remains invaluable for anyone using antimicrobial agents in their clinical practice and provides, in a systematic and concise manner, all the information required when prescribing an antimicrobial to treat infection.
Download or read book Ivermectin and Abamectin written by William C. Campbell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ivermectin and abamectin, members of the avermectin family of compounds, were introduced to the market in the 1980's as a veterinary antiparasitic drug and agricultural pesticide, respectively. Their acceptance and commercial success have been remarkable; both are highly effective and in worldwide use. The efficacy of ivermectin in river blindness has expanded the interest in its use in human medicine. In response to the intense scientific and industrial interest in ivermectin and abamectin and the likelihood that they will be forerunners of an expanding family of drugs, this comprehensive monograph satisfies the need for a review and synthesis of current knowledge about the use of these substances in crop protection as well as in cattle, sheep, swine, horses, dogs, cats, birds, fish, reptiles, and in man. This overview presents chemical, biochemical, and microbiological data, as well as pharmacological, safety, and environmental aspects and covers practical use of the compounds as antiparasitic and pesticide agents, as well as the available safety data that have emerged from the clinical experience with human applications.
Download or read book Insect Biotechnology written by Andreas Vilcinskas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-27 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a fascinating overview about current and sophisticated developments in applied entomology that are powered by molecular biology and that can be summarized under a novel term: insect biotechnology. By analogy with the application of powerful molecular biological tools in medicine (red biotechnology), plant protection (green biotechnology) and industrial processing (white biotechnology), insect biotechnology (yellow biotechnology) provides novel tools and strategies for human welfare and nutrition. Insect Biotechnology has emerged as a prospering discipline with considerable economic potential, and encompasses the use of insect model organisms and insect-derived molecules in medical research as well as in modern plant protection measures.
Download or read book Sulfated Polysaccharides written by Miguel Gama and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the post-genomic era, science is still challenged to explain the biosynthesis of complex polysaccharides and glycoconjugates. Unlike nucleic acids and proteins, the information needed for their biosynthesis is not clearly contained to this day within the genome of the various organisms. This means that no biosynthetic code has been revealed yet. As a result, there will be millions of structurally distinct, functional chemical species at the end of their biosynthesis. This book offers an up-to-date view on sulfated polysaccharide structure and function state of the art in different life kingdoms: bacteria, protista, plantae, fungi and animalia. The structure, activities and current thinking on the interplay between these two vital features (as well as ways to study them) are reviewed in the present book. The growing economical interest in sulfated polysaccharides due to their potential biotechnological use in different areas, such as pharmaceutical and food industries, are also commented on. The information within the chapters adds to other prior available literature; the intention of the authors was to extend and further develop the discussions related to glycobiology.
Download or read book Human Schistosomiasis written by Peter Jordan and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human schistosomes (blood flukes) are digenetic trematodes that spend the adult part of their life cycle in humans and a further part in aquatic snails. Despite advances in chemotherapy, schistosomiasis is still a significant infection in the populations of several countries in the tropics. This book replaces a previous volume Schistosomiasis: Epidemiology, Treatment and Control (Heinemann, 1982) by Jordan and Webbe. All chapters have been rewritten by internationally renowned workers. Ultrasound, expected to aid identification of early disease in the field and increase our understanding of its evolution, is discussed in a new chapter. Others, each with an extensive bibliography, review the parasites and their snail intermediate hosts, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathology, diagnosis, immunology, drugs and patient management and control. Limitations of the role of chemotherapy in morbidity control are discussed and the need for flexibility in control interventions in the varied epidemiological situations is stressed. An interdisciplinary approach may be necessary to reduce transmission by appropriate measures against the snail intermediate host, and to implement public health measures, including the provision of safe water (with many other medical and social benefits) and health education. This comprehensive volume is for public health workers involved in the prevention and control of the disease, for physicians, and for students and teachers of many disciplines. It also provides a reference book for health planners, social anthropologists, health educators, water and sanitary engineers and others engaged in improving health in the tropics. Physicians in temperate countries will also find it a useful reference book as schistosomiasis, often acute, is being diagnosed more frequently in those returning from holidays in endemic areas.
Download or read book Medical Parasitology written by Gerhard Piekarski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Parasitology is primarily intended to be an illustrated textbook which provides a review ofthe most important species ofparasite which occur in man; their areas ofdistribution, morphology and development, the typical disease symptoms resulting from infection, epidemiology and also methods of detection and indications for therapy. The main emphasis is on the protozoan and helmin thic diseases; medical entomology has only been covered in connection with the epidemiology of the diseases described here. Parasites sometimes occur exclusively in man (anthropoparasites) and sometimes also in animals (anthropozoonotic parasites). The monoxenous species complete theirdevelopmentinmanorinoneanimalalone (Scheme I). Heteroxenousspecies, which include most of the medically important parasites, develop partly in man and partly in animals in the course of their life cycle. They may even be forced to infect different species so that they can continue their development. This may sometimes be associated with a digenesis, the larval development taking place in one intermediate (Scheme II ®) or in two different intermediate hosts (Scheme III ®, ©), andthesexuallymaturestagedevelopinginanotherhost, the so-called definitive host (Scheme III ®). The importance of the intermediate hosts can vary considerably (see below).
Download or read book CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010 written by Gary W. Brunette and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2009 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2009-2010 edition of the this guide presents dependable advice on any travel health issue, including vaccinations, essential trip planning and safety tips, prevention of an expanded list of travel-related infectious diseases, altitude illness, motion sickness, sunburn, medical tourism, and much more. This official publication is filled with valuable information not only for healthcare providers and travelers, but also for anyone interested in travel health.
Download or read book Comparative Quantification of Health Risks Sexual and reproductive health written by Majid Ezzati and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 2282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific evidence on prevalence and the resulting health effects of a range of exposures that are know to be hazardous to human health, including childhood and maternal undernutrition, nutritional and physiological risk factors for adult health, addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health risks, and risks in the physical environments of households and communities, as well as among workers. This book is the culmination of over four years of scientific equiry and data collection, know as the comparative risk assessment (CRA) project.
Download or read book Chemical Epigenetics written by Antonello Mai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an authoritative review of the most significant findings about all the epigenetic targets (writers, readers, and erasers) and their implication in physiology and pathology. The book also covers the design, synthesis and biological validation of epigenetic chemical modulators, which can be useful as novel chemotherapeutic agents. Particular attention is given to the chemical mechanisms of action of these molecules and to the drug discovery prose which allows their identification. This book will appeal to students who want to know the extensive progresses made by epigenetics (targets and modulators) in the last years from the beginning, and to specialized scientists who need an instrument to quickly search and check historical and/or updated notices about epigenetics.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this document is to provide comprehensible, global, evidence-based guidelines to help formulate policies and protocols for the treatment of malaria. Information is presented on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, including disease in special groups (young children, pregnant women, people who are HIV positive, travellers from non-malaria endemic regions) and in complex emergency situations and severe malaria."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Peptides written by Katsumi Matsuzaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), their mechanisms of antimicrobial action, other activities, and various problems that must still be overcome regarding their clinical application. Divided into four major parts, the book begins with a general overview of AMPs (Part I), and subsequently discusses the various mechanisms of antimicrobial action and methods for researching them (Part 2). It then addresses a range of activities other than antimicrobial action, such as cell penetration, antisepsis, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities (Part 3), and explores the prospects of clinical application from various standpoints such as the selective toxicity, design, and discovery of AMPs (Part 4). A huge number of AMPs have been discovered in plants, insects, and vertebrates including humans, and constitute host defense systems against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, many attempts have been made to utilize AMPs as antibiotics. AMPs could help to solve the urgent problem of drug-resistant bacteria, and are also promising with regard to sepsis and cancer therapy. Gathering a wealth of information, this book will be a bible for all those seeking to develop antibiotics, anti-sepsis, or anticancer agents based on AMPs.
Download or read book Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Parasites written by Joseph Marr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-09-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of parasitic organisms at the molecular level has yielded fascinating new insights of great medical, social, and economical importance, and has pointed the way for the treatment and prevention of the diseases they cause. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Parasites presents an up-to-date account of this modern scientific discipline in a manner that allows and encourages the reader to place the biochemistry and molecular biology of these organisms in their biological context. The chapters are cross-referenced and grouped in an arrangement that provides a fully integrated whole, and permits the reader to create a composite of the biochemical function of these organisms. Individual chapter includes those devoted to metabolism, in both aerobic and anaerobic protozoa; antioxidant mechanisms; parasite surfaces; organelles; invasion mechanisms; and chemotherapy. The helminths are discussed not only from the point of view of their cellular biochemistry and metabolism, but also with respect to both their integrated functions such as neurochemistry, structure and functions of surfaces, and reproduction. Written by expert investigators, this book will be of interest to all experienced researchers, graduate students, and to the newcomer eager to become familiar with the biochemistry and molecular biology of parasites.
Download or read book Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development written by Atta-ur-Rahman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of an activity-directed isolation process is to isolate bioactive compounds which may provide structural leads of therapeutic importance. Whereas the traditional process of drug development is long and expensive, simple and rapid bioassays can serve as the starting point for drug discovery. This book presents a range of "bench top" bioassa
