Download or read book Assessment of the Below Ground Contribution of Field Grown Pea Pisum Sativum L to the Soil N Pool written by Stéphanie Mahieu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to use grain legumes as a means of N acquisition in cropping systems, estimates of biological N2 fixation, N balances and the N benefit for following crops need to be improved. These estimates remain unclear, mainly because of difficulties in assessing below ground N (BGN = Root N + N rhizodeposition), especially N rhizodeposition. The aim of my Ph.D. was to adapt and refine a 15N labelling method to measure the amount of N derived from rhizodeposition by a pea and to design a protocol for field studies. Two methods (split-root and cotton-wick) and a variety of labelling conditions were tested in the field and in the greenhouse. In addition, effects of water stress, N availability and sources of N nutrition (nitrogen fixation or inorganic N uptake) on this process were investigated on different pea varieties and isolines. The labelling frequency and concentration of the labelling solution were shown to influence the assessment of N rhizodeposition. However, results obtained with both methods were reliable when plants were labelled continuously with a diluted labelling solution. The 15N cotton-wick technique was easier to adapt and monitor in the field than the split-root method and was chosen for further field studies. The results suggest that N source and water stress have no specific effect on the proportion of total plant N allocated to the below ground parts. In the field, rhizodeposition represented around 90% of the total plant N. This should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N2 fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies for succeeding crops in legume-based cropping systems.
Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Download or read book Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management written by Anna Kocira and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject. This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews.
Download or read book The Role of Grain Legume N2 Fixation in the Nitrogen Cycling of Temperate Cropping Systems written by Erik Steen Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation written by Almas Zaidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-19 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title discusses various effects of heavy metal exposure to legumes as well as the bioremediation potential of rhizosphere microbes. Availability of heavy metals, their uptake and the effects of metals on various signaling pathways within legumes are presented. Furthermore, the effects of heavy metals to nitrogen fixing microorganisms and how microsymbionts can overcome metal stress is presented in detail. The role of nitrogen fixers in decontamination of heavy metal toxicity, mycoremediation of metal contaminated soils, microbially mediated transformation of heavy metals and action of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fixers together in detoxifying heavy metals are broadly explained. This volume is a useful tool for scientists, policy makers and progressive legume growers intending to develop safe and healthy legumes for future generations.
Download or read book Soils and Fertilizers written by and published by . This book was released on 1984-08 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding the Physiological Role of Amino Acid Transport Processes in Pea Pisum Sativum L Metabolism and Performance written by Matthew G. Garneau and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that plants require in large amounts for successful growth and reproduction. Following nitrogen acquisition from the atmosphere or soil, temperate legumes such as pea (Pisum sativum L.) assimilate nitrogen to amino acids, which are used for metabolism, transiently stored, or transported via the vasculature to growing sinks such as developing leaves, fruits, and seeds. This research investigates the role of plasma membrane transporters in amino acid partitioning in pea plants and their importance for plant metabolism and development. First, the role of a broad specific amino acid transporter in source to sink partitioning of nitrogen and plant productivity was analyzed using pea plants overexpressing (OE) amino acid permease 1 (PsAAP1) simultaneously in the phloem and developing cotyledons. Transgenic PsAAP1 OE plants demonstrated increased phloem and seed loading of amino acids, triggering improved seed development, and seed protein accumulation. Results further resolved that phloem loading of amino acids exerts regulatory control over nitrogen and carbon acquisition and metabolism. Next, pea plants expressing a yeast cysteine/methionine transporter (MUP1) in the phloem and developing seeds were produced in the attempt to increase sulfur allocation to sinks and seed protein quality. Results showed that phloem levels of methionine, other amino acids and sucrose were increased, while delivery of these metabolites to individual seeds, as well as seed protein amounts were unchanged. Furthermore, the MUP1 plants produced more shoot biomass and higher seed yields than wild-type, supporting that changes in source to sink allocation of organic sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon promotes sink development in MUP1 plants. Finally, the function of pea amino acid permease 6 (PsAAP6) in organic nitrogen export from root nodules was examined. Localization studies resolved that PsAAP6 is expressed in the nodule cortex cells. Repression of PsAAP6 demonstrated that the transporter is essential for amino acid translocation from nodules to the shoot and roots. However, transporter activity did not affect biological nitrogen fixation and nodule metabolism, suggesting that pea nodule function is regulated by the shoot nitrogen status, rather than nodule nitrogen levels and/or partitioning processes.
Download or read book Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change Mechanisms and Perspectives I written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state-of-the-art in plant ecophysiology. With a particular focus on adaptation to a changing environment, it discusses ecophysiology and adaptive mechanisms of plants under climate change. Over the centuries, the incidence of various abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, atmospheric pollution, metal toxicity due to climate change have regularly affected plants and, and some estimates suggest that environmental stresses may reduce the crop yield by up to 70%. This in turn adversely affects the food security. As sessile organisms, plants are frequently exposed to various environmental adversities. As such, both plant physiology and plant ecophysiology begin with the study of responses to the environment. Provides essential insights, this book can be used for courses such as Plant Physiology, Environmental Science, Crop Production and Agricultural Botany. Volume 1 provides up-to-date information on the impact of climate change on plants, the general consequences and plant responses to various environmental stresses.
Download or read book The effect of sulfur deficiency in pea Pisum sativum on factors related to nitrogen fixation and on sulfate transporters written by Parisa Pourmoayyed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur has a vital role in the plant life cycle. S deficiency reduces optimal yield and quality in legumes which lead to a reduction in nutritional value of food and feed. S deficiency also alters the symbiotic interaction between leguminous plants and soil nitrogen fixing bacteria which leads to a decline in N2 fixation rate. An efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in the nodule demands a strong nutrient exchange between plant and bacterial cells. The plant symbiotic sulfate transporter (SST) supports adequate S supply for full activity of nodules. In the present study, I investigated how different levels of S supply affect the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to N2 fixation in Pisum sativum. Moreover, different sulfate transporter genes were identified in pea and the functional analysis was performed for the symbiotic sulfate transporter from pea after expression in yeast double mutant. Growth retardation was observed in both weak and severe S deficient plants while severe S deficiency led to a significant decline in total biomass and shoot dry weight. Chlorosis and yellowish leaves in severe S deficient plant were observed as a consequence of a 43% decline in the chlorophyll content of young leaves in comparison with the control plants. Both weak and severe S deficiency reduced nodule formation. Thus, nodules appeared smaller and green with less leghemoglobin content in the S deficient groups. Relative transcript abundance of leghemoglobin genes (PsLb5 and PsLb120) did not change significantly under S deficiency conditions in the vegetative phase, thus confirming that expression of both genes is essential to create a low O2 concentration in young nodules. In contrast, severe S deficiency during the generative phase reduced expression of leghemoglobin at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the higher leghemoglobin content in the generative phase is indicative for a higher leghemoglobin demand of mature nodules to maintain a low O2 environment and to protect the nitrogenase for an effective SNF. Nitrogenase is encoded by the nifHDK gene cluster. Severe S deficiency reduced the relative transcript abundance of the β subunits (NifK gene) while expression of α subunits (NifD gene) was mostly unaffected. S deficiency conditions increased relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin to compensate the S limitation in the nodule. Furthermore, a higher level of ferredoxin expression in the generative phase compared to the vegetative phase might be accompanied by a more SNF activity in the generative phase. In contrast to the nodule, relative ferredoxin transcript abundance was reduced under severe S deficiency in the root and leaf tissues supporting sulfite reduction and NADP photo-reduction. Both severe and weak S deficiencies reduced the relative transcript abundance of ferredoxin in the young leaves more than the mature leaves because the mature leaves are the main site of sulfate storage and assimilation. Severe S deficiency reduced expression of the nodule-specific sulfate transporter (SST) in both vegetative and generative phase of plant life which confirms a disruption in sulfate transport in symbiosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 14-full length sulfate transporter sequences from pea and other known sulfate transporters from the leguminous family revealed that they fall into five major groups. In conclusion, a reduced sulfate import into the nodule probably reduces the sulfate related metabolites and interrupts the expression and biosynthesis of nitrogenase, leghemoglobin and ferredoxin proteins and eventually leads to an interruption of SNF. Moreover, severe S deficiency could limit the S compounds and S containing amino acids essential for the synthesis of critical products such as chlorophyll, thus leading to a lower rate of photosynthesis and fewer energy sources for an efficient yield.
Download or read book Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Pisum Germplasm for Field Pea Improvement written by Sajjad Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool-season crop cultivated globally for its protein-rich seed and soil fertility benefits. A segregating population was developed by Single Seed Descent (SSD) methods following controlled crosses between parents that can establish a source for future studies including genetic mapping. True hybrids were identified at seedling stage using polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). SSRs or microsatellites are also valuable tools for assessing genetic diversity in plants as knowledge of genetic diversity is essential for the development of new desirable germplasm and elite breeding lines. Fifty microsatellites and four transposon-based markers (2 DNA-transposons & 2 RNA-transposons) were successfully employed in this study to assess genetic diversity in 35 diverse Pisum accessions. Pairwise genetic similarity ranged from 0.045 to 0.838. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.055 to 0.887 with a mean of 0.668. The Molecular markers explored in this investigation have potential to identify new resources for Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) and future development of elite pea breeding lines in response to climate change and declining land, water and energy resources." --
Download or read book Agronomic Management of Field Pea Pisum Sativum L for N2 Fixation and Soil N Improvement written by G. E. J. O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2001-06 with total page 1588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-11 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation of Pea Pisum sativum L and Common Bean Phaselous vulgaris L at Various Phosphorus Supply Levels written by Mai Mohammed Osman Deiab Ahmed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
