Download or read book Assessment of Environmental Impact by Grocery Shopping Bags written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the manufacturing processes of different shopping bags used for grocery purposes, life cycle impacts, modelling of life cycle impacts, carbon and eco-footprints in different countries, consumption of shopping bags in different countries, consumer behaviour of shopping bags in various countries and its relation to eco-impact, assessment of functionality of shopping bags, concept and framework of eco-functional assessment of shopping bags, biodegradation of shopping bags, etc.

Download or read book Eco functional Assessment of Grocery Shopping Bags written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the disposal phase of shopping bags/textile products, recyclability is one of the primary factors that need to be considered in evaluating the eco-impact. There are no models or approaches to quantify the recyclability potential of various textile fibres and raw materials used for shopping bags in terms of their environmental and economic gains. An attempt was made in this research to develop a model to quantify the recyclability potential index (RPI) of various textile fibres and raw materials used for shopping bags. Results of the RPI model indicate that polypropylene and polyester outscored all the other materials in question. Apart from reusability and recyclability, biodegradability is also an important focus in the ecological category. This research employed the results of a biodegradability test conducted for various shopping bags on the same platform using the soil burial test. Soil burial test results showed that paper bags followed by cotton bags demonstrated better biodegradation results. Regarding consumption behaviour, the perceptions or opinions of consumers have to be taken into consideration to make the end-of-life scenario values in the life cycle assessment calculations rather than using assumptions of the usage and disposal values. LCA studies reported to date on various shopping bags have used an assumption to model the end-of-life scenarios of various shopping bags, but this may not reflect reality. Hence a questionnaire survey was conducted in this research among different user groups in Mainland China, Hong Kong and India and the results from the real users were utilized to model the end-of-life phase of the various shopping bags. With the aid of the eco-functional model where the values from the discussed aspects are synthesized, eco-functional capacities of any product can be assessed and an "eco-functional" score can be assigned to any product. 23 samples made out of different types of shopping bags were assessed in terms of their eco-functional properties and the eco-functional score of each bag was evaluated and the results are presented. The results of the eco-functional assessment reveal the importance of every aspect of a product to meet the requirements of eco-functional assessment. For the eco-functional assessment combined with LCA study various shopping bags, a suitable functional unit based on consumption statistics from Mainland China, Hong Kong and India was earmarked for this LCA study. Detailed life cycle inventory details were collected for various life cycle phases of different types of shopping bags. Carbon footprint, ecological footprint and eco-damage assessments were made to quantify the life cycle impacts of each phase of the various shopping bags with the aid of SIMAPRO version 7.3 of LCA software. The LCA results revealed that each phase of life cycle impacted the final result and the reusable bags outscored single use bags in all three territories. Nonwoven bags made out of polypropylene followed by polyester and woven cotton bags caused fewer life cycle impacts. LDPE bags were shown to create higher impacts in the list of samples chosen for this study. Also the life cycle impacts of shopping bags used by an average Indian were found to be less compared to those for Chinese and Hong Kong residents. It was also apparent from the LCA results that the greater degree of reuse selected, the less the carbon footprint, ecological footprint and eco-damage in all the three territories. Even a small contribution from the consumer's side, to reuse a bag one more time, would make a great difference in terms of mitigating environmental impact. Consumer's support in terms of reusing a bag till its last point in life cycle and recycling it rather than disposing to landfill, supported by government recycling policies, will reduce the environmental impacts made by different types of shopping bags.

Download or read book Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment written by Arif Ahamad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ORGANIC REACTIONS Thought-provoking discussions of the challenges posed by—and potential solutions to—plastic and microplastic pollution In Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment: Management and Health Risks, a team of distinguished environmental researchers delivers an up-to-date exploration of plastic and microplastic environmental contamination, conventional and advanced plastics management techniques, and the policies adopted across the globe to combat the phenomenon of plastics contamination. Containing a balanced focus on both conventional plastics and microplastics, this book discusses the potential health issues related to plastic and microplastic infiltration in a variety of global environments and environmental media, including freshwater environments, oceanic environments, soil and sediment, and air. Insightful treatments of commercial and social issues, including the roles of corporate social responsibility initiatives and general education in the fight against plastic and microplastic pollution, are provided as well. Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment also includes: A thorough introduction to plastic debris in global environments, including its accumulation and disintegration Comprehensive explorations of policies for strengthening recyclable markets around the world Practical discussions of the prevalence of microplastics in the marine environment, air, soil, and other environmental media In-depth examinations of wastewater treatment plants as a potential source point of microplastics, as well as conventional and advanced microplastic particle removal technologies Perfect for academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates in fields related to environmental science and plastics, Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment: Management and Health Risks will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the plastics industries and environmental policymakers.

Download or read book Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment LCA of Textiles and Clothing written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-25 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impacts of textile products, from raw material extraction, through fibre processing, textile manufacture, distribution and use, to disposal or recycling. LCA is an important tool for the research and development process, product and process design, and labelling of textiles and clothing. Handbook of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Textiles and Clothing systematically covers the LCA process with comprehensive examples and case studies. Part one of the book covers key indicators and processes in LCA, from carbon and ecological footprints to disposal, re-use and recycling. Part two then discusses a broad range of LCA applications in the textiles and clothing industry. Covers the LCA process and its key indicators, including carbon and ecological footprints, disposal, re-use and recycling Examines the key developments of LCA in the textile and clothing industries Provides a wide range of case studies and examples of LCA applications in the textile and clothing industries

Download or read book Assessing the Environmental Impact of Textiles and the Clothing Supply Chain written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the Environmental Impact of Textiles and the Clothing Supply Chain, Second Edition, is a fully updated, practical guide on how to identify and respond to environmental challenges across the supply chain. This new edition features updates to important data on environmental impacts and their measurements, the sustainable use of water and electricity, and new legislation, standards and schemes. Chapters provide an introduction to the textile supply chain and an overview of the methods used to measure environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions, water and energy footprints, and a lifecycle assessment (LCA) on environmental impacts. This book will be a standard reference for R&D managers in the textile industry and academic researchers in textile science. Provides a holistic view of the sustainability issues that affect the textile value chain Explains ways to calculate the textile industry’s use of resources, its impact on global warming, and the pollution and waste it generates Reviews key methods for the reduction of the environmental impact of textile products and how they are implemented in practice Includes methods for calculating product carbon footprints (PCFs), ecological footprints (EFs) and lifecycle assessments (LCA)

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment of Plastic Bags Using Simapro 8 3 0 written by Neha Ahuja & Er. Puneet Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2017-07 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastic bags have become one of the most used items on the planet today. Each day a large number of shopping bags are used by the shoppers to bring home their groceries and other items and then discard the bags after one use. The increased use of the plastic bags has contributed to the environmental conditions ranging from pollution to overloaded landfills. Plastic bags effect the environment at various stages. Therefore in order to determine the energy usage, waste flows and emissions over the entire life cycle of the plastic bags, life cycle assessment is used. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a standard method which is used to determine the environmental impacts of producing, using and disposing the product through its entire life cycle. The LCA process includes a Life Cycle Inventory of all the inputs of making a product and all of the outputs or wastes of the production, use and disposal of the product. The life cycle assessment of plastic bags is studied with regard to acidification, ecotoxicity, land use, carcinogens etc.

Download or read book The Impact of People s Growing Environmental Consciousness and Responsibility on Major Grocery Retailers in the UK written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, Ashcroft International Business School Cambridge (Anglia Ruskin University), language: English, abstract: This work analyses the growing environmental consciousness and an ever more present environmental responsibility within the British population and explains its impact on major grocery retailers in the country. The nature of these changes as well as factors which accelerate this development are discussed. Furthermore, it is explained how the different grocery retailers respond to the environmental claims of their customers. The work concludes with an assessment of possible future developments.

Download or read book Handbook of Footwear Design and Manufacture written by A. Luximon and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Footwear Design and Manufacture, Second Edition, is a fully updated, expanded guide on the theories, processes, methodologies and technologies surrounding the footwear supply chain. Topics discussed include engineering design methodology, reducing manufacturing waste, footwear advertisement, emerging imaging technology, advice on the optimization of manufacturing processes for productivity, and summaries of the latest advances from researchers around the globe. This updated edition also includes coverage of sizing and grading based on different footwear styles and methods, AI based personalization and customization, emerging models for online footwear shopping (involving data mining), and new methods for foot data analysis and representation. Covers many exciting new developments, such as AR/VR, additive manufacturing, customization of footwear, new last design methods, and green footwear Addresses the entire footwear design and manufacture supply chain Explains new methods for foot data analysis and representation

Download or read book Circular Economy written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the notion of Circular Economy under the umbrella of Sustainability because of the widespread momentum it is gaining. Today the whole world is certainly in emergent need of an alternative system to traditional economy which is linear, i.e. make, use and dispose to get rid-off the waste and very important to ensure continuous use of resources, which is possible by the advent of circular economy. A circular economy aims to utilize the resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them during use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life vis-à-vis traditional linear model. This book discusses circular economy in terms of assessment with various case studies.

Download or read book Carbon Footprints of Manufacturing and Transportation Industries written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents carbon footprint calculation and mitigation in the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Warning effects of global warming from every sector is of phenomenal importance at this moment and sector wise assessment and remediation are the key factors to mitigate the vulnerable green house gas emissions. This volume with its six chapters deals with the carbon footprint of manufacturing and transportation sectors.

Download or read book Compostable Polymer Materials written by Ewa Rudnik and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compostable Polymer Materials, Second Edition, deals with the environmentally important family of polymers designed to be disposed of in industrial and municipal compost facilities after their useful life. These compostable plastics undergo degradation and leave no visible, distinguishable, or toxic residue. Environmental concerns and legislative measures taken in different regions of the world make composting an increasingly attractive route for the disposal of redundant polymers. This book covers the entire spectrum of preparation, degradation, and evironmental issues related to compostable polymers. It emphasizes recent studies concerning compostability and ecotoxilogical assessment of polymer materials. It descibes the thermal behavior, including flammability properties, of compostable polymers. It also explores possible routes of compostable polymers waste disposal through an ecological lens. Finally, the book examines the economic factors at work, including price evolution over the past decade, the current market, and future perspectives. Compostable Polymer Materials is an essential resource for graduate students and scientists working in chemistry, materials science, ecology, and environmental science. Provides a comprehensive study of the composting process Details methods of compostable polymers preparation, including properties, processing and applications Presents the state-of-the-art knowledge on ecotoxicity testing and biodegradation under real composting conditions of compostable polymers, as well as biodegradation in various environments, such as marine environments and anaerobic conditions Discusses the evolution of waste management in Europe and the United States, as well as the status of MSW disposal and treatment methods in countries such as China and Brazil Overviews biodegradation studies under real composting conditions of products made of compostable polymers, e.g. bags, bottles, cutletry Analyzes evolution of market development, including price of compostable polymers during the last decade

Download or read book The Environmental Impact of Plastic Shopping Bags written by Rod Bailey and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Footprints of Packaging written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents detailed discussions concerning the environmental footprints of various packaging systems and materials, life cycle assessments of packaging, sustainable design of various packaging systems and materials, as well as the biodegradation of various packaging materials.

Download or read book Sustainable Plastics written by Joseph P. Greene and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enables Readers to Understand the What, Why, and How Behind Using Sustainable Plastics in Manufacturing Operations The impact of 50 years of unbridled plastics production, use, and disposal is now becoming well known and documented. Plastics made from non-renewable petroleum and natural gas resources threaten the environment, human health, species maintenance, and the very life of the ocean. This book helps readers understand the ability of plastics to be sustainable and goes over the plastic products which have a lower carbon footprint, lower waste, and lower pollution. The well-qualified author’s unique perspective puts a special focus on comprehensive coverage of environmental impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics (e.g., corn), recycled plastics, and petroleum-based plastics. Other samples topics covered in the book include: End-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics including mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and composting ASTM biodegradation standards for compost, marine, anaerobic digestion, and landfill environments Polymer processing, including injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, and compression molding Environmental data and coverage of petroleum plastics, sustainable composites, and new information on bio-based plastics The book serves as an invaluable resource for plastics engineers, materials engineers, and all professionals in related disciplines looking to understand and apply the usage of sustainable plastics in many different types of manufacturing operations.

Download or read book Basics of Environment Sustainability and Environmental Impact Assessment written by Kavita Dehalwar and published by Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Basics of Environmental Sustainability and Environmental Impact Assessment" is a fundamental textbook that explores critical concepts in environmental management and decision-making. Authored by Kavita Dehalwar, this book provides an invaluable overview of two pivotal aspects of environmental science. Firstly, it delves into the core principles of environmental sustainability, emphasizing the importance of preserving ecological balance and minimizing human impacts on the planet. Readers gain insight into sustainable practices, conservation strategies, and the role of individuals and industries in mitigating environmental degradation. Secondly, the book sheds light on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a crucial tool for evaluating the potential consequences of development projects on the environment. Dehalwar outlines the EIA process, from scoping and assessment to mitigation and monitoring, highlighting its significance in promoting responsible and sustainable development. Overall, "Basics of Environmental Sustainability and Environmental Impact Assessment" serves as an accessible resource for students, professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of environmental conservation and responsible development, making it a must-read in today's era of heightened environmental consciousness.

Download or read book Theory and Practice in Policy Analysis written by M. Granger Morgan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many books instruct readers on how to use the tools of policy analysis. This book is different. Its primary focus is on helping readers to look critically at the strengths, limitations, and the underlying assumptions analysts make when they use standard tools or problem framings. Using examples, many of which involve issues in science and technology, the book exposes readers to some of the critical issues of taste, professional responsibility, ethics, and values that are associated with policy analysis and research. Topics covered include policy problems formulated in terms of utility maximization such as benefit-cost, decision, and multi-attribute analysis, issues in the valuation of intangibles, uncertainty in policy analysis, selected topics in risk analysis and communication, limitations and alternatives to the paradigm of utility maximization, issues in behavioral decision theory, issues related to organizations and multiple agents, and selected topics in policy advice and policy analysis for government.

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment written by Ralph Horne and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2009 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has developed in Australia over the past 16 years in a fragmented way with many different people and organizations contributing to the area at different times, and largely through informal or unpublished work. This publication will legitimize and document LCA research and methodology development to act as a record of what has happened and a basis for future development and application of the tool. The Centre for Design at RMIT has been a leading research center in Australia through its work on data collection, methodology development and contribution to knowledge through undertaking LCA studies for leading companies and government departments ranging from products, packaging, buildings, water management and waste management. This work, in addition to key work undertaken by other researchers, will be presented. The book will become a bridge between LCA implementation and life cycle management (LCM) and provide discussion on how LCA development will be in the future and how it integrates with available software tools.