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Book EBOOK  Introduction To Mental Health Nursing

Download or read book EBOOK Introduction To Mental Health Nursing written by Nick Wrycraft and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2009-08-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a comprehensive and reader friendly text that offers students a great introduction and insight into the modern world of mental health nursing. The quotes from students and practical activities engage the reader and enhance application of theory to clinical practice and educational development. Students will benefit from the guidance and support this book offers to complement their nurse education." Lisa King, Senior Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, The University of Chester, UK Full of insights into what it's like to be a mental health nursing student, including direct quotes from current students! This engaging new textbook provides a student focused introduction to the main issues and themes in mental health nursing. The book requires no previous knowledge and the content has been carefully chosen to reflect the most significant aspects of this important and rewarding area of nursing. The book includes specific chapters on: Social inclusion and the Ten Essential Shared Capabilities. Mental health promotion Mental health at different stages of the life course Physical health issues in mental health settings Mental health law Therapeutic interventions, specifically Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approaches The concept of recovery Scenarios and exercises are used to demonstrate integration of theory and practice. These can be easily linked to your placement experience and overall learning and development. Readers are encouraged to develop an analytical and investigative approach to their studies. Other important areas covered in the book include the National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health, the Care Programme Approach (CPA) and the Tidal Model of mental health nursing. Introduction to Mental Health Nursing is the perfect introduction for all nursing students with an interest in a career in mental health nursing. Contributors: Geoffrey Amoateng, Amanda Blackhall, Alyson Buck, David A. Hingley, Richard Khoo, Mark McGrath, Mary Northrop, Tim Schafer, Allen Senivassen, Julie Teatheredge, James Trueman, Henck Van- Bilsen, Steven Walker, Steve Wood.

Book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning

Download or read book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning written by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 4th Edition helps you assess psychiatric nursing clients, formulate nursing diagnoses, and design psychiatric nursing care plans. It offers quick and easy access to information on care in a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth M. Varcarolis, RN, MA, provides a clinically based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. Current coverage includes the latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information relevant to nursing care of patients with psychiatric disorders. Clinically based information helps you provide patient care in a range of environments including the inpatient unit, community mental health setting, or home care setting. Coverage of all major disorders includes those commonly encountered in a clinical setting. A consistent format for each care plan includes a nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long-term goals, short-term goals, and interventions and rationales. Assessment tools such as tables, charts, and questionnaires are provided in an appendix for quick reference. A Major Psychotropic Interventions and Client and Family Teaching chapter describes the uses and workings of psychotropic agents. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-IV-TR taxonomy with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning   E Book

Download or read book Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning E Book written by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pocket-sized clinical companion, Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Planning, 5th Edition supplies you with the latest diagnostic information available, including the DSM-5, for accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. It offers quick and easy access to plans of care for a range of settings including the inpatient unit, home care, or community mental health setting. Expert author Elizabeth Varcarolis, provides a clinically-based focus with the latest guidelines to psychiatric nursing care. Designed to accompany Foundations of Mental Health Nursing, this book is a perfect reference for creating care plans and for clinical use. The latest diagnoses, assessment and treatment strategies, and psychotropic drug information keep you up-to-date with the most current information. Care plans containing nursing diagnosis, etiology, assessment findings/diagnostic cues, outcome criteria, long- and short-term goals, and interventions and rationales offer plans of care for a wide range of psychiatric nursing diagnoses. A focus on clinical information furnishes you with information on providing patient care in a range of settings. Assessment Guides, including tables, charts, and questionnaires facilitate patient diagnosis and care. A chapter on Major Psychotropic Interventions and Patient and Family Teaching, in addition to the content found in each disorder chapter, helps you better understand the uses and workings of the psychotropic agents. Coverage of major disorders exposes you to a wide range of disorders within psychiatric nursing. The latest diagnostic information includes the DSM-5 taxonomy (due to publish May 2013) with diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, to enable accurate assessment and diagnosis of patients. Current psychiatric nursing guidelines are based on ANA's 2007 Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Updated 2009-2011 NANDA-I nursing diagnoses assist with accurate diagnoses by including the latest nursing diagnoses related to psychiatric nursing. Updated drug information includes the latest on medications used with psychiatric patients, for optimal drug therapy.

Book Assessment and Care Planning in Mental Health Nursing

Download or read book Assessment and Care Planning in Mental Health Nursing written by Nick Wrycraft and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment of mental health problems is a challenging area of practice that covers a range of symptoms and behaviours – and involves building a trust relationship with service users while also using specialist skills. Using a values-based approach focused on engaging and working in partnership with the service user, this book is designed to take you from the core building blocks of assessment through to practice-based guidance about mental health behaviours, and concludes with case studies 'on the ground'. The first section of the book explores core aspects of assessment such as communication skills and engaging the service user, and explores how assessment guides the nursing process as a whole. The next section will be ideal for quick reference during practice and looks at 23 different clinical behaviours that nurses will assess, under 4 categories: • Physical factors in mental health • Behavioural aspects in mental health • The role of thoughts in mental health • Feelings in mental health The final section gives 4 case studies of different assessment stories which relate to the different types of clinical behaviour you will encounter. This practical book is essential reading for student nurses and all healthcare staff involved in the assessment of people with mental health problems. “I would highly recommend this book to all mental health nursing students. Whilst the focus is on assessment and care planning; knowledge and skills on a range of essential areas are present in this text. It is an essential handbook for key mental health nursing skills. Case studies are presented with clarity, and Nick Wrycraft is clearly committed to nurses learning from service users, which is essential for values-based practice.” Julia Terry, Senior Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, Swansea University, UK "This text is a good fit for mental health nursing students new to assessment and care planning, providing a practical rather than academic approach to these important aspects of the role.” Dr Janine Archer Lecturer School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, UK "Dr. Nick Wrycraft has done tremendously in making available the maiden edition of this book. Assessment and Care Planning in Mental Health Nursing will be a valued reference book for mental health student nurses who are new to the process of assessment and care planning. The book will therefore go a long way to provide educational and learning support to pre-registration nursing students as well as the newly qualified mental health nurses in practice." Kike Abioye, Mental Health Student Nurse, Anglia Ruskin University, UK

Book Home Health Nursing

    Book Details:
  • Author : Karen E. Monks
  • Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Release : 2002-10-22
  • ISBN : 9780323018654
  • Pages : 500 pages

Download or read book Home Health Nursing written by Karen E. Monks and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2002-10-22 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique, spiral-bound handbook is compact, portable, and written with busy home health nurses in mind! Organized by body system, it offers instant advice on assessment and care planning for the disorders home health nurses are likely to encounter. Providing assessment guides for all body systems, the home environment, and the client's psychological status, it includes full care plans for over 50 illnesses and conditions most commonly encountered in the home. Each plan lists nursing diagnoses, short- and long-term expected outcomes, nursing interventions, and client caregiver interventions. Care plans are organized by body systems to allow for quick retrieval of information. Both short-term and long-term outcomes are included in the care plans to aid evaluation of the care provided. Detailed assessment guidelines are provided for all body systems to facilitate complete and comprehensive client examinations. Guidelines for environmental and safety assessments aid in the appraisal and improvement of clients' living conditions. Client and caregiver interventions are outlined in the care plans to promote active client participation in self-care. The convenient pocket size makes transportation and use convenient to home health nurses. Appendices on documentation guidelines, laboratory values, medication administration, home care resources, and standard precautions provide quick access to useful home care information. Related OASIS items are identified in the assessment section, and ICD-9 diagnostic codes in the care plans section assist with proper home care documentation. Visit frequency and duration schedules are suggested within each care plan to assist nurses in evaluating and planning care. NANDA nursing diagnoses are consistent with the latest 2001-2002 nomenclature. An increase in suggested therapy referrals within the care plans and in a new appendix helps nurses identify indicators for specialized services. A fully updated Resources Appendix includes websites for easy access to home health service information.

Book Lippincott s Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans

Download or read book Lippincott s Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans written by Judith M. Schultz and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2009 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM has nursing care plans, a customizable psychosocial assessment tool, and monographs about psychotropic drugs.

Book All in One Nursing Care Planning Resource

Download or read book All in One Nursing Care Planning Resource written by Pamela L. Swearingen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book featuring nursing care plans for all core clinical areas, Swearingen's All-In-One Nursing Care Planning Resource, 4th Edition provides 100 care plans with the nursing diagnoses and interventions you need to know to care for patients in all settings. It includes care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric-mental health, so you can use just one book throughout your entire nursing curriculum. This edition includes a new care plan addressing normal labor and birth, a new full-color design, new QSEN safety icons, new quick-reference color tabs, and updates reflecting the latest NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. Edited by nursing expert Pamela L. Swearingen, this book is known for its clear approach, easy-to-use format, and straightforward rationales. NANDA-I nursing diagnoses are incorporated throughout the text to keep you current with NANDA-I terminology and the latest diagnoses. Color-coded sections for medical-surgical, maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric-mental health nursing care plans make it easier to find information quickly. A consistent format for each care plan allows faster lookup of topics, with headings for Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. Prioritized nursing diagnoses are listed in order of importance and physiologic patient needs. A two-column format for nursing assessments/interventions and rationales makes it easier to scan information. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you to apply concepts to specific patient situations in clinical practice. Outcome criteria with specific timelines help you to set realistic goals for nursing outcomes and provide quality, cost-effective care. NEW! Care plan for normal labor and birth addresses nursing care for the client experiencing normal labor and delivery. UPDATED content is written by practicing clinicians and covers the latest clinical developments, new pharmacologic treatments, patient safety considerations, and evidence-based practice guidelines. NEW full-color design makes the text more user friendly, and includes NEW color-coded tabs and improved cross-referencing and navigation aids for faster lookup of information. NEW! Leaf icon highlights coverage of complementary and alternative therapies including information on over-the-counter herbal and other therapies and how these can interact with conventional medications.

Book Health Assessment

    Book Details:
  • Author : Anna T. Crouch
  • Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
  • Release : 2015-08-12
  • ISBN : 1119185718
  • Pages : 393 pages

Download or read book Health Assessment written by Anna T. Crouch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health assessment is central to effective planning, implementation and evaluation of nursing care. All nurses are accountable for the care they provide and need to be able to accurately determine patient needs in order to plan and deliver evidence-based care. Vital notes for nurses: Health assessment provides students with the knowledge required to consider the many different factors which can influence patient’s health, comfort, well-being and recovery and to confidently assess patient needs. Vital notes for nurses: Health assessment explores concepts of holism, health and illness, factors to consider when assessing patients, communication skills needed for assessment, and all aspects of holistic assessment including physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual factors and nutritional needs. * Provides a concise, accessible introduction to health assessment * Includes physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual health assessment * Explores essential concepts in assessment and care planning * Within the Vital Notes for Nurses series * Adopts a holistic approach

Book Psychiatric Nursing Clinical Guide

Download or read book Psychiatric Nursing Clinical Guide written by Elizabeth M. Varcarolis and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new pocket guide makes it easy to assess psychiatric nursing clients, formulate nursing diagnoses, and design appropriate nursing care plans! The content is clinically based and contains detailed information for use in the inpatient unit, community mental health setting, or home care setting.Following an overview of psychosocial nursing care planning, communication and counseling, and the clinical interview, individual chapters examine a full range of psychiatric syndromes.

Book Patient Assessment and Care Planning in Nursing

Download or read book Patient Assessment and Care Planning in Nursing written by Lioba Howatson-Jones and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nurses of the future need to accurately assess people of all ages, with varying mental and physical problems, across different settings and within a changing healthcare environment. This book introduces nursing students and novice practitioners to different stages of the assessment process. It covers a range of issues including the nurse's role in assessment, how to make sense of patient information, using assessment tools, nursing diagnosis, care planning principles and nursing models, ethical dilemmas in assessment and decision-making in delivering nursing care. The book encourages the development of a person-centered, critical approach rather than an overreliance on assessment tools.

Book Psychiatric Nursing

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mary C Townsend
  • Publisher : F.A. Davis
  • Release : 2014-08-19
  • ISBN : 0803643950
  • Pages : 737 pages

Download or read book Psychiatric Nursing written by Mary C Townsend and published by F.A. Davis. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here’s the most complete and easy-to-use resource on how to develop practical, individualized plans of care for psychiatric and mental health patients. It’s really two books in one! The first half provides the diagnostic information needed to create a care plan; the second half covers the safe prescription and administration of psychotropic medications. And, the concepts can be applied to a variety of healthcare settings…from in-patient hospitalization through the outpatient clinic…to home health and private practice. Completely revised and updated throughout, the 9th Edition reflects all of the new knowledge and new medications in the field, including the DSM-5, all of today’s new psychotropic medications, and the 2012-2014 content in the NANDA Nursing Diagnoses: Taxonomy II.

Book Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans   E Book

Download or read book Psychiatric Nursing Care Plans E Book written by Katherine M. Fortinash and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-05-16 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive psychiatric nursing care planning text available assists students and practitioners in providing effective care in a variety of settings. Clear presentation of information, consistent use of the nursing process, correlation of nursing and medical diagnoses, and prioritization of interventions make this text an invaluable resource. Grounded in the latest classification of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and the most current list of NANDA-approved nursing diagnoses, this text covers a wide range of disorders, their psychopathology, and appropriate nursing interventions with rationales. Care plans use real clinical situations and include therapeutic and nontherapeutic dialogue examples to familiarize nurses with likely scenarios and equip them with the tools they need to feel confident in any clinical setting. The first chapter, The Nursing Process, effectively describes the central principles of psychiatric nursing practice in detailing the ANA's six-step nursing process along with additional information on therapeutic nurse-client communication skills, client history and assessment tools, NIC and NOC, and more. The six-step nursing process format is maintained throughout to emphasize a practice-oriented, problem-solving approach to psychiatric care. Major psychiatric disorders are reviewed consistently and completely with sections including Etiology, Epidemiology, Assessment and Diagnostic Criteria, Interventions, and Prognosis and Discharge Criteria. With this basis of knowledge, relevant care plans are offered in the second section of each chapter. Care plans based on DSM-IV-TR medical and NANDA nursing diagnoses are logically and consistently organized with Assessment Data, Outcome Criteria, Planning and Implementation, and Evaluation sections. Assessment Data sections include detailed related factors (etiology) and defining characteristics or risk factors as appropriate for the specific diagnosis. Outcome Criteria sections give the reader clear indications of the desired end state. Planning and Implementation sections list specific, relevant, and practical nursing interventions with rationales in a clear, comprehensible two-column format. UNIQUE! Therapeutic and non-therapeutic dialogue examples are presented throughout to promote more effective client communication. Evaluation sections state the role of outcome evaluation as a critical and ongoing step in the nursing process. Client and Family Teaching boxes include Nurse Needs to Know and Teach Client and Family sections covering all aspects of post-treatment instructions for clients and caregivers. DSM-IV-TR boxes list all related DSM-IV-TR diagnoses for quick reference. Helpful appendices contain information and strategies that are timely and useful in the care of clients with mental and emotional disorders including such topics as psychiatric and psychosocial therapies, grief and loss, spirituality, and many more.

Book Assessment in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Download or read book Assessment in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing written by Philip J. Barker and published by Nelson Thornes. This book was released on 2004 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bestseller has been updated to reflect new concepts and ideas. The assessment of mental health problems is vital to the successful planning and treatment for people suffering from them. This book provides a step-by-step guide of how to conduct this assessment, giving student nurses a humanistic perspective on the subject. New material in this second edition includes person-centered assessment and care planning, and culture and culturally-appropriate assessment and care planning.

Book Nursing Care Planning Made Incredibly Easy

Download or read book Nursing Care Planning Made Incredibly Easy written by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of Nursing Care Planning Made Incredibly Easy is the resource every student needs to master the art of care planning, including concept mapping. Starting with a review of the nursing process, this comprehensive resource provides the foundations needed to write practical, effective care plans for patients. It takes a step-by-step approach to the care planning process and builds the critical thinking skills needed to individualize care in the clinical setting. Special tips and information sections included throughout the book help students incorporate evidence-based standards and rationales into their nursing interventions.

Book Patient Assessment and Care Planning in Nursing

Download or read book Patient Assessment and Care Planning in Nursing written by Peter Ellis and published by Learning Matters. This book was released on 2020-02-29 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces student nurses and novice practitioners to the assessment process, enabling them to identify patient problems in order for solutions to be planned and implemented. It presents the different stages of the assessment process, taking a holistic and person centred approach throughout. It encourages critical thinking and urges students to consider the social, cultural, psychological and environmental factors as well as the physical symptoms that may be present when making assessments. For this new edition, all chapters have been mapped to the 2018 NMC Standards, which means this is the most up-to-date resource on patient assessment. It introduces clinical decision-making within assessment and supports students in their study with detailed case studies and scenarios demonstrating practical application of key theory. There are also activities in the book to help build critical thinking, independent learning and other transferable graduate skills

Book All in One Care Planning Resource

Download or read book All in One Care Planning Resource written by Pamela L. Swearingen and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book featuring nursing care plans for all core clinical areas, Swearingen's All-In-One Nursing Care Planning Resource, 4th Edition provides 100 care plans with the nursing diagnoses and interventions you need to know to care for patients in all settings. It includes care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric-mental health, so you can use just one book throughout your entire nursing curriculum. This edition includes a new care plan addressing normal labor and birth, a new full-color design, new QSEN safety icons, new quick-reference color tabs, and updates reflecting the latest NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems. Edited by nursing expert Pamela L. Swearingen, this book is known for its clear approach, easy-to-use format, and straightforward rationales. NANDA-I nursing diagnoses are incorporated throughout the text to keep you current with NANDA-I terminology and the latest diagnoses. Color-coded sections for medical-surgical, maternity, pediatric, and psychiatric-mental health nursing care plans make it easier to find information quickly. A consistent format for each care plan allows faster lookup of topics, with headings for Overview/Pathophysiology, Health Care Setting, Assessment, Diagnostic Tests, Nursing Diagnoses, Desired Outcomes, Interventions with Rationales, and Patient-Family Teaching and Discharge Planning. Prioritized nursing diagnoses are listed in order of importance and physiologic patient needs. A two-column format for nursing assessments/interventions and rationales makes it easier to scan information. Detailed rationales for each nursing intervention help you to apply concepts to specific patient situations in clinical practice. Outcome criteria with specific timelines help you to set realistic goals for nursing outcomes and provide quality, cost-effective care. NEW! Care plan for normal labor and birth addresses nursing care for the client experiencing normal labor and delivery. UPDATED content is written by practicing clinicians and covers the latest clinical developments, new pharmacologic treatments, patient safety considerations, and evidence-based practice guidelines. NEW full-color design makes the text more user friendly, and includes NEW color-coded tabs and improved cross-referencing and navigation aids for faster lookup of information. NEW! Leaf icon highlights coverage of complementary and alternative therapies including information on over-the-counter herbal and other therapies and how these can interact with conventional medications.

Book Nursing Interventions Classification  NIC

Download or read book Nursing Interventions Classification NIC written by Gloria M. Bulechek, PhD, RN, FAAN and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the full range of nursing interventions, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), 6th Edition provides a research-based clinical tool to help in selecting appropriate interventions. It standardizes and defines the knowledge base for nursing practice while effectively communicating the nature of nursing. More than 550 nursing interventions are provided - including 23 NEW labels. As the only comprehensive taxonomy of nursing-sensitive interventions available, this book is ideal for practicing nurses, nursing students, nursing administrators, and faculty seeking to enhance nursing curricula and improve nursing care. More than 550 research-based nursing intervention labels with nearly 13,000 specific activities Definition, list of activities, publication facts line, and background readings provided for each intervention. NIC Interventions Linked to 2012-2014 NANDA-I Diagnoses promotes clinical decision-making. New! Two-color design provides easy readability. 554 research-based nursing intervention labels with nearly 13,000 specific activities. NEW! 23 additional interventions include: Central Venous Access Device Management, Commendation, Healing Touch, Dementia Management: Wandering, Life Skills Enhancement, Diet Staging: Weight Loss Surgery, Stem Cell Infusion and many more. NEW! 133 revised interventions are provided for 49 specialties, including five new specialty core interventions. NEW! Updated list of estimated time and educational level has been expanded to cover every intervention included in the text.