Download or read book Assessing vehicular GHG emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PACIFIC ANALYTICS INC. ASSESSING VEHICULAR GHG EMISSIONS A Comparison of Theoretical Measures and Technical Approaches Prepared for: the CEEI Working Group 2008 P. O. B O X 5 1 0 3 V I C T O R I A , B C V 8 R 6 N 3 - J I M J P A @ S H A W. C A COMMUNITY ENERGY AND EMISSIONS INVENTORY OBJECTIVES In its work investigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), the Community E [...] Communities located on major highway thoroughfares can expect higher sales even though most of the actual consumption of fuel will take place further down the road. Communities along the TransCanada then, would likely see their fuel sales much higher than actual consumption within their municipality boundaries. iii. [...] Communities servicing large wilderness tourism areas generally will see higher-than- expected fuel sales from what is actually consumed within its municipal boundaries. Communities such as Golden, for example, experience very large increases in fuel sales during the summer, although most tourists would not consume the fuel in Golden itself. iv. [...] Communities near the US or Alberta borders will likely experience lower-than-expected sales as consumers travel to the US or Alberta for shopping. Residents of the Northeast for instance are notorious for their cross-border shopping, many choosing to make weekly or biweekly excursions to Alberta towns solely to save on taxes.3 Similarly, smaller communities without large re [...] In the EMME Model, long-term behavioural patterns are highly dependent on these input data. As a consequence, many behavioural changes since the last update (in this case, 2001) are not fully captured and thus may not reflect accurately changes in VKT. In a nutshell, this means that relying on EMME results to determine changes in VKT on an annual basis is problematic and because.

Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

Download or read book Assessing Vehicular GHG Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Mobile Source Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Assessment of Traffic Management Strategies written by Qinyi Shi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Vehicle Miles Traveled written by Kenneth A. Small and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents measures of the size of the rebound effect, by which improvements in fuel efficiency of vehicles may cause vehicle travel to increase."--Abstract, report documentation page.

Download or read book Cutting carbon creating growth written by Great Britain: Department for Transport and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This White Paper, entitled "Creating growth, cutting carbon: making sustainable local transport happen", sets out the Government's aims in meeting two key objectives: (i) to help create growth in the economy; (ii) tackling climate change by cutting carbon emissions. Action at the local level is seen as delivering gains at the national level. For example, around every three trips made by car are less than 5 miles in length, and it could be argued many such trips could alternatively be cycled, walked or undertaken by public transport. The Government sees the encouragement of sustainable travel choices benefiting the economy, cutting carbon and contributing to road safety and public health. The new Local Sustainable Transport Fund aims to help local authorities to encourage people to travel sustainably. The publication is divided into nine chapters with one annex, and looks at the following areas: local transport - choices and implications; decentralising power - enabling local delivery; enabling sustainable transport choices; active travel; making transport more attractive; managing traffic to reduce carbon and tackle congestion; local transport in society.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Assessing the Fuel Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Future Light duty Vehicles in Japan written by Eriko Nishimura and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is of great concern in Japan, as well as elsewhere, such as in the U.S. and EU. More than 20% of GHG emissions in Japan come from the transportation sector, and a more than 70% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050 has been projected as a feasible goal. It is clear that substantial reduction in GHG emissions from the transportation sector will be required in Japan over the next several decades. This research developed a fleet model for Japan to evaluate GHG emission trends through 2030 and through 2050. The fleet model shows that GHG emissions from light-duty vehicles are likely to decrease significantly due to anticipated decrease of vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) from all the light-duty vehicles in Japan over the next several decades. This is because of several factors, such as the decrease of vehicle sales due to the recession and higher gasoline prices. In the analysis through 2030, the fleet model was run under four "sales mix scenarios," including a scenario which is based on the forecast by the Japanese Government. Even in the scenario without any sales mix change in the future, a 36% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2030. In the Government Scenario (the most optimistic scenario), a 49% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2030. In the longer-term analysis through 2050, the fleet model was run under two "sales mix scenarios" and two "vehicle fuel consumption forecasts." In the most conservative case, a 54% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2050. In the most optimistic case, a 67% GHG emission reduction from the level of 2008 is achieved by 2050. Even though substantial GHG emission reductions by 2050 are projected, coordinated policy measures would make the most optimistic sales mix scenario more feasible, and help realize further GHG emission reductions.

Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.

Download or read book The Role of Bioenergy in the Emerging Bioeconomy written by Carmen Lago and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Bioenergy in the Bioeconomy: Resources, Technologies, Sustainability and Policy provides the reader with a complete understanding on how bioenergy technologies fit into the new bioeconomy paradigm. Sections focus on the main resources and technologies for bioenergy and its integration in energy systems and biorefining chains, analyze the available methodologies for assessing the sustainability of bioenergy, and address and the propose approaches that are demonstrated through concrete case studies. Additionally, the implications of bioenergy in the water-energy and land nexus is presented, along with new challenges and opportunities. This book’s strong focus on sustainability of bioenergy, both as a standalone, and in the larger context of a bio-based economy, makes it a useful resource for researchers, professionals and students in the bioenergy field who need tactics to assess the lifecycle and sustainability of bioenergy technologies and their integration into existing systems. Presents a complete overview of the main challenges that bioenergy will have to overcome in order to play a key role in future energy systems Explores sustainability aspects in detail, both qualitatively and by applying proposed methodologies to concrete bioenergy case studies Covers, in detail, the water-energy-land nexus implications and governance aspects

Download or read book Automotive User Interfaces written by Gerrit Meixner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on automotive user interfaces for in-vehicle usage, looking at car electronics, its software of hidden technologies (e.g., ASP, ESP), comfort functions (e.g., navigation, communication, entertainment) and driver assistance (e.g., distance checking). The increased complexity of automotive user interfaces, driven by the need for using consumer electronic devices in cars as well as autonomous driving, has sparked a plethora of new research within this field of study. Covering a broad spectrum of detailed topics, the authors of this edited volume offer an outstanding overview of the current state of the art; providing deep insights into usability and user experience, interaction techniques and technologies as well as methods, tools and its applications, exploring the increasing importance of Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) within the automotive industry Automotive User Interfaces is intended as an authoritative and valuable resource for professional practitioners and researchers alike, as well as computer science and engineering students who are interested in automotive interfaces.

Download or read book Moving Cooler written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Both the public and private sectors are grappling with decisions regarding policies that will lead to reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moving Cooler analyzes and assesses the effectiveness and costs of almost 50 transportation strategies for reducing GHG emissions, as well as evaluates combinations of those strategies. The findings of this study can help decision makers coordinate and shape effective approaches to reducing GHG emissions at all levels - national, regional, and local - while also meeting broader transportation objectives." --Book Jacket.

Download or read book Economic Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction by Vehicle Lightweighting Using Aluminum and High Strength Steel written by Hyung-Ju Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction benefits of vehicle lightweighting (LW) were evaluated in a companion article. This article provides an economic assessment of vehicle LW with aluminum and high-strength steel. Relevant cost information taken from the literature is synthesized, compiled, and formed into estimates of GHG reduction costs through LW. GHG emissions associated with vehicle LW scenarios between 6% and 23% are analyzed alongside vehicle life cycle costs to achieve these LW levels. We use this information to estimate the cost to remove GHG emissions per metric ton by LW, and we further calculate the difference between added manufacturing cost and fuel cost savings from LW. The results show greater GHG savings derived from greater LW and added manufacturing costs as expected. The associated production costs are, however, disproportionately higher than the fuel cost savings associated with higher LW options. A sensitivity analysis of different vehicle classes confirms that vehicle LW is more cost-effective for larger vehicles. Also, the cost of GHG emissions reductions through lightweighting is compared with alternative GHG emissions reduction technologies for passenger vehicles, such as diesel, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric powertrains. The results find intensive LW to be a competitive and complementary approach relative to the technological alternatives within the automotive industry but more costly than GHG mitigation strategies available to other industries.

Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.

Download or read book Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport Analytical Methods written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-07-03 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, which has been prepared by an OECD Working Group, uses a number of illustrative and pragmatic cases to provide important insights into reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport.

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Strategies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Transport written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 27% of OECD CO2 emissions come from transport. This is the report of a working group set up to provide a framework to assess strategies for the reduction of emissions from road transport. It looks at current policies to reduce emissions and the current methods for assessing their impact. After examining future trends, it looks at the role of evaluation models in the development of strategies to reduce the emission of CO2.