Download or read book ASSESSING THE PUBLICNESS OF TH written by Shan Zhong and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Assessing the Publicness of the Public Open Space in Private Developments (POSPD) in Hong Kong" by Shan, Zhong, 鍾珊, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: "Publicness" as the fundamental value of the urban public space, plays an important role to promote the quality of public space as well as highlight the values of fairness and justice in the social development. Since public open space in private development (POSPD) has been introduced to Hong Kong a new type of public space, this approach has been questioned by the public as it affects the rights of the public to enjoy the open space. So with the increasing development and decreasing public open space, it is urgent to review the quality of POSPD as well as assess the publicness of POSPD for future provision. The study aims to generate an assessment of the publicness of public open space in private development (POSPD) in Hong Kong. In a way approaching to overseas attempts in assessing the publicness, the dissertation would like to fill the gap in assessing the publicness of POSPD in Hong Kong. Except for key concepts reviewed for generating better understanding, the study also conduct an evaluation of general features of POSPD in Hong Kong as well as a questionnaire survey on public's aspirations. The degree of publicness also measured through five case studies for getting insights of the real practices. It is concluded that the degree of publicness varies a lot in different functional areas. POSPDs in commercial and office development project commonly show a higher degree of publicness than in residential development project. The differences are mainly presented in aspects of physical configuration, control and civility. And there is still a disparity between the real practices and the public's aspirations on the POSPD. In related with the outcomes, issues diminishing the publicness of POSPD and corresponding recommendations are attributed to three aspects, design, management and institutional and policy perspectives. It is recommended that in the future provision of POSPD, issues are supposed to be overcome by concerning the public needs in the process of design, adopting people-oriented approach and searching for "win-win" approach in the management as well as improving the governance and regulatory control mechanism. Subjects: Open spaces - China - Hong Kong

Download or read book Assessing the Publicness of the Public Open Space in Private Developments POSPD in Hong Kong written by 鍾珊 and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impacts of Public Open Space in Private Developments POSPD to Social Interaction and Community Building written by 何善瑜 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Planning for Accessible and Socially Inclusive Public Open Space in Private Developments in Hong Kong written by Hoi-Kei Stephanie Chan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Planning for Accessible and Socially Inclusive Public Open Space in Private Developments in Hong Kong" by Hoi-kei, Stephanie, Chan, 陳海琪, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Hong Kong, being known as Asia's World City and an international metropolis, possesses topography and sub-tropical climate that supports the habitat of a wide range of flora, fauna and wildlife. Many are surprised to realize that 70% of Hong Kong's total land area is countryside and mountains, in which 40% of them is officially protected as country parks, marine parks, areas of special scientific interest, etc. under the Country Parks and Marine Parks Ordinance (Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 2012). Much emphasis and protection have been put in these natural open spaces; however, urban open spaces, especially those within private developments, seem to be of a lesser concern to the public. Recently, there are raising discussion and concerns over the shortfall of open space in urban areas, especially in older districts. As the population of Hong Kong increases exponentially, the existing provision of public facilities cannot cope with the rising demand. Some new public spaces are created to address the increasing demand, yet their quality is questionable. The provision of public open space in private developments (POSPD) became a controversial issue in 2008, when reporters discovered the misuse of the public open spaces in Times Square and Metro Harbour View. The developer of Times Square made use of the public open space to generate revenue by renting it out for exhibitions and events. As for Metro Harbour View, its podium garden was never opened for public use after the development was completed. Also, as these public spaces are being operated and managed by private companies, privatization and commodification of public open space are emerging phenomenon in some spaces. Thus, the general public started to express concerns over the provision of POSPD. In this dissertation, understanding of various key concepts and their interrelationships will be illustrated in the literature review. This together forms the theoretical framework for this dissertation. Elements that constitute a successful public open space will be identified. Privately-owned public space in New York City will be used as a detailed overseas case study to draw insights and best practices in order to enlighten the current practice in Hong Kong. The current policy and practice of provision of POSPD in Hong Kong will be reviewed. Problems and key issues in the existing POSPD will be illustrated by two detailed case studies. Questionnaire surveys, site visits, field observations and interviews will be done as data collection methods. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze whether the recently published guidelines on the design and management of POSPD is comprehensive enough to address the existing problems and key issues. Recommendations will be given to improve the guidelines if there are some missing elements and to illustrate the appropriate design and operating approaches to guide future planning, design and management of POSPD in new developments and public open space in planning projects. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4988489 Subjects: Public spaces - China - Hong Kong

Download or read book Providing Public Space in a Contemporary Metropolis written by Claudio De Magalhães and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2024-06-26 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, public space provision and management are being transferred from the public sector to real estate developers, private sector organisations, voluntary groups and community bodies. Contrasting the more historical, horizontal character of London with the intense street life of high-rise Hong Kong, this book tells the story of the two cities’ relationships with non-traditional forms of public space governance. The authors consider the implications for the ‘publicness’ of these complex spaces and the challenges and impacts that different forms of provision have on those with a stake in them, and on the cities as a whole.

Download or read book Public Open Space Provision in Private Developments written by Wan-In Chun and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Public Open Space Provision in Private Developments: the Case of Urban Renewal Authority Redevelopment Projects in Hong Kong" by Wan-in, Chun, 秦蘊妍, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Public open space (POS) within a city acts as an important breathing and recreational space for the urban population within a proximate distance by providing economic, social, psychological and environmental benefits to human settlements. In a city like Hong Kong (HK) adopting economic-centred development, land is be maximized for monetary use especially under land scarce due to topographical constraint. Hence, compact development is resulted especially in urban areas. Past study had found that the proportion of open space zoning undergone a downward trend across the territory as time moves on and a gap was observed between planned and actual open space provision (Tang and Wong, 2008, p. 261). On the other hand, some POS were created within residual development land in the urban area which are of poor locational quality. Taken into account of early POS provision inefficiency, the government sees the opportunity in gradual neighbourhood decay as a mean to encourage POS provision within new private developments. This idea originated as a planning policy since 1980s which tries to overcome shortcomings of POS provision in districts by means of requiring or encouraging POS provision within private developments. However, while this policy contains certain benefits, it is not without issues and problems from the design, social, economic, institutional and policy point of view. This dissertation therefore aims to examine POS provision within URA redevelopment projects in HK where district renewal is one of the sources of newly built private developments containing POS provision. The study aims to find out POS contribution, performance, as well as to unravel potential benefits, issues and concerns associated with the provision, given existing context of regulatory policies and operational guidelines. The term "URA redevelopment projects" used in the dissertation, covers a longitudinal review of all completed projects containing POS provision that were taken place between the Land Development Corporation (LDC) and the Urban Renewal Authority (URA) period, in which the URA was established to supersede and continue with the LDC's renewal work in 2001 due to organizational inefficiency. The study hopes to give implications on future POS provision within URA redevelopment projects so as to enhance POS functionality and usability through policy, development control and governance perspectives. There are a total of 25 redevelopment projects containing POS provision during the LDC and the URA period, out of which 16 of them are completed by the end of June 2014. The study found that the spatial location of the completed and future POS provision among the redevelopment projects positively correlates with local open space (LOS) and district Open Space (DOS) deficit spatially. Among the completed projects, POS performance varies in aspects of functionality, aesthetic value, privacy, accessibility etc. In considering POS provision on top of planned requirement, additional floor spaces are also granted for several cases without maximizing the efforts in enhancing POS use value. Furthermore, some cases also demonstrate potential uncertainty in POS provision and rights of entry. Overall speaking, policy aims are partially meet. By means of employing planning, economic as well as institutional perspectives in analysis, performance variations are attrib

Download or read book Planning for Accessible and Socially Inclusive Public Open Space in Private Developments in Hong Kong written by 陳海琪 and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Privately Owned Public Space in Hong Kong written by Man-Leung Yeung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Privately Owned Public Space in Hong Kong" by Man-leung, Yeung, 楊文亮, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: There is a rising concern on the management of public open space in private development (POSPD) upon the conflicting interests between public users and private owners. For the public users, POSPD is almost equal to a public playground or a park which does not require entrance fee and general requirements. For the private commercial development, POSPD is a by-product of decoration which can be used to exchange for higher plot ratio and a catalyst attracting more consumers for making profits and the management of POSPD is not a difficult thing. For the private residential development, POSPD can be a selling point or gimmick to attract potential buyers in such a way pushing up the selling price but the management agencies would face a big problem in observing the guidelines of the provision of POSPD required under lease for the use by the public. In practice, the POSPD was never opened for public use after the development was completed and the best example is Metro Harbour View. In response with the issues of commodification of POPS, the Development Bureau (DEVB) undertook an in-depth policy review of the subject matter in 2008 and commissioned a consultancy study in 2009 for drawing up a set of clear and practicable design and management guidelines for POPS for reference by property owners, management agencies and the general public. The "Design and Management Guidelines for Public Open Space in Private Developments" ("the POSPD Guidelines") were promulgated in January 2011. The POSPD is equivalent to POPS in this dissertation and one of which is to avoid provision of POPS on private land in private residential developments so that individual owners would not be made liable to manage and maintain those public facilities. In this dissertation, the study aims to illustrate the understanding of various key concepts and their interrelationships together forming the conceptual framework for this dissertation. This would examine the roles of POPS in Hong Kong and reevaluate the effectiveness of the design and management guideline. It also examines the different information released by the websites of the Lands Department (LandsD) and the Buildings Department (BD) in connection with the POSPD. In response to the public criticism and concern, the LandsD and the BD each announced its own list of the existing POSPD named "Provision of Public Facilities in Private Developments" for public investigation and supervision in 2008. This dissertation will also suggest some recommendations to improve the guidelines if there are some missing elements and to illustrate the appropriate design. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5372721 Subjects: Public spaces - China - Hong Kong

Download or read book Land Supply and Land Use Planning of Public Open Space in Hong Kong written by Man-Wai Darren Cheung and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Land Supply and Land-use Planning of Public Open Space in Hong Kong" by Man-wai, Darren, Cheung, 張文偉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Modern cities do not only aim at focusing on economic development solely, but they also need to provide high quality of urban living environment which could achieve social, economic and environmental sustainability. Public open space constitutes an indispensible part in achieving this planning objective. Nevertheless, open space is not a unitary planning concept. It has been being constantly redefined to suit changing social and economic needs. This study investigates the development of land supply and land-use planning of public open space in Hong Kong. It attempts to examine how open space was understood, planned, and provided in different periods in Hong Kong. Open space is presumed to be influenced by the interplay of three main social forces, namely the government, the capitalists, and the people. The interplay of the three forces changes in different periods of time in Hong Kong, resulting in the changing meaning and transformation of open space in the aspects of locations, forms, distributions, and ways of provisions. My key arguments are as follows: In the pre-Second World War colonial period, extraction was regarded as the primary objective of the colonial government. Since the colonial atmosphere shared the idea of earning from re-exporting trade and temporal stay, public open space, except for private leisure facilities, was not truly a concern of any of the social groups. While recreational opportunities and open space were still necessary to attract foreign investments and provide political functions, the colonial government provided open space in a residual manner, utilizing urban fringe areas of Victoria City and existing land-uses for open space functions. To maximize the use of open space, though the government was reluctant to provide, open space was utilized for political functions to preach social conforming behaviours and Western lifestyle to the Chinese immigrants as well as to new Chinese generations. The post-Second World War open space development was characterized by an expansion of the scope of open space, as well as political reform of the municipal governments and the planning institution. Triggered by the large influx of Chinese refugees that migrated to Hong Kong and the rising population of the local-born Chinese youngsters, elected representatives were introduced to the municipal councils. These elected representatives endeavoured to urge the government to provide open space where available, persuading the government by giving new meanings to open space. The planning institution, however, continued to plan open space in a residual manner. Inspired by the Abercrombie Plan, open space was planned towards the countryside and new forms of open space were introduced to expand the scope of open space. The contemporary pattern of public open space is examined by quantitative analyses. Three kinds of open space are examined, namely zoned open space, administered public open space, and public open space within private developments. Results show that large-scale zoned open spaces tend to cluster in urban fringe areas and countryside, whereas zoned open spaces in urban areas tend to be fragmentary. Waterfront and coastal areas, whether in urban or rural areas, are commonly utilized for open space purposes. These findings echo the planning strategy, aiming at shifting open space from the inner urban areas to the urban fringe and rural areas. Admin

Download or read book Open Space in Hong Kong written by Keith Richard Gilges and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Open Space in Hong Kong: Assessing the Sustainability of Development" by Keith Richard, Gilges, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3125401 Subjects: Sustainable development - China - Hong Kong Land use - Government policy - China - Hong Kong

Download or read book A Study on Factors Affecting Utilization of Public Open Space in Private Developments in Hong Kong written by 鄭詠明 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Planning for Quality Public Life in Public Space of Consumption written by Yuan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Planning for Quality Public Life in Public Space of Consumption: a Study of Hong Kong" by Yuan, Zhang, 張遠, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The lively and enjoyable public spaces are of critical position to planning a great city (Burden, 2014). Public space is widely believed valuable for sustainable urban life due to its provision of physical environment for social interaction and possibly natural diversity. Throughout history, cities as production of human activities provide provision of spaces for public life, such as social communication and commercial activities (Unwin, 2000). Public space is also an important part of what defines the city. At early 1960s, academics in the West criticized that urban planning was abstract and humanly distant (Gehl & Svarre, 2013). Citizen groups fought for urban redevelopment plans in connection with the historical background such as the youth revolution, protests against nuclear power plants or anti-war protests. The activities all took place in public spaces and as now at political dimension public space have it very important position (Gehl & Svarre, 2013). Within the context of global competition, nowadays the provision of public spaces is believed as the enhancement of infrastructure asset for city marketing and promoting the population influx which keep the livability of the city (Gehl & Gemzoe, 2000). However, it''s criticized by scholars that public space has been aided with too much commercial interests and thus public sphere would be impoverished (Degen, 2008). Sequently, it is always critical to keep the public life flourishing. In spite of the commodification of contemporary urban public space, its ever-presented nature of public decided it would be always "in the process of being shaped, unshaped and challenged by the spatial practices of various groups and individuals whose identities and actions undermine the homogeneity of contemporary cities" (MacLeod, 2012; McCann, 1999). At present, the public open space in Hong Kong cannot secure the interest of public and in that case it is not successful to cater public everyday life. The social interaction is significantly affected by the physical arrangement as well as the way such public spaces cater for the specific characteristic of public life in Hong Kong. In this dissertation study, the main focus would be how does the public space of consumption interact with public social life and how could the institutional framework influence the whole process by its power. In context of Hong Kong, consumer culture has strongly influenced urban form by multiple scales of commercial developments, and the public life style has also been shaped by the physical setting and shopping habits. The interaction between human and material can be negotiated and guided by institutional power. By considering power, urban planning practitioners have the responsibility to provide recommendations for public space developments. The dissertation study will develop the research scope to a more specific scope - public open space of consumption in private development, i.e. shopping centers in Hong Kong. In order to carry out the study of public life, key concepts and issues will be examined through literature review. Institutional background of public open space of consumption in Hong Kong will be reviewed for a better understanding of the research. Both Hong Kong and overseas best practices will be studied to find out problems and reference experience in design and managing public open space of consumption. In the end, possible r

Download or read book Public Open Space Provision in Private Developments written by 秦蘊妍 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Open Space in Hong Kong written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report on Consultancy Study on Public Open Space in Private Developments POSPD written by Hong Kong Development Bureau and published by . This book was released on 2010* with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study on Quasi Public Space in Large Scale Private Residential Development Case in Hong Kong written by Pui-Kwan Robin Yu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Study on Quasi-public Space in Large Scale Private Residential Development, Case in Hong Kong" by Pui-kwan, Robin, Yu, 余沛琨, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract: In an urban setting, large scale private residential development has become the main stream of leading the housing market, and in certain degree it is also leading the economy of the entire city. These developments do provide its own residents a high quality of environment and spaces that can increase the development's value. At the same time these private residential developments have to create common space or so called "quasi public space" for the general public to enjoy as well. These common and public spaces in private developments may enhance the environment by bringing liveliness and vibrancy to the place. However the quality and quantity of these common spaces in large scale private residential developments are seems decreasing and focuses of such development were shifted onto creating a better gated community. The objective of this research is trying to discover whether recent private residential development are tended to have less common space or have more restricted common space than old and other types of residential development. The study will be based on case study in Hong Kong. Three private housing estates that were built in different time period, including Mei Foo Sun Chuen, Whampoa Garden and Olympian City will be chosen and their quality of common space will be analyzed in this research. 2 Pag e DOI: 10.5353/th_b3955849 Subjects: Public spaces - China - Hong Kong Residential real estate - China - Hong Kong

Download or read book Publicness of Elevated Public Space in Central Hong Kong written by Juliana Adele Rotmeyer and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Publicness of Elevated Public Space in Central, Hong Kong: an Inquiry Into the Publicness of Elevated Pedestrian Walkway Systems as Places and Non-places" by Juliana Adele, Rotmeyer, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The transformation of Hong Kong into a high-density city has created a unique three-dimensional urban fabric defined through networks of urban activity and infrastructure within tight spatial constraints of mountainous slopes and the island shoreline. In Hong Kong urban development, the government performs a dual role both as landlord and as administrator determining the development agenda. With limited space available for development high land price policies have restricted land supplies and priority is given to 'economic space' rather than 'life space'. This has created a city of mobility based on consumption where privatized public spaces such as shopping malls, corporate plazas and elevated walkways are linked primarily to promote shopping. Public spaces are increasingly managed by private parties, and the degree of publicness of such spaces is often not clearly distinguishable to their potential users. Due to Hong Kong's population density of approximately 33,000 persons/km2, practices of everyday life are increasingly limited by multiple restrictions controlling the use of spaces that only seem to be public. The district of Central, Hong Kong features an urban network of both publicly and privately maintained elevated pedestrian walkways that provide a secondary circulation space. Designed according to commercial priorities, the walkway system in Central typically links privately owned second floor lobbies with similar owners to promote consumption. Although these regulated spaces are required to allow public access 24 hours a day, pedestrian connectivity seems merely an after thought. In such private public spaces, pedestrians move between consumption nodes through a maze of displays and windows filled with luxury consumer goods. This study takes focus on the walkways in Central thus investigating publicness specifically within the context of Hong Kong's high-density urban fabric, then within a wider context of elevated pedestrian walkway systems in Asian Pacific cities. To this end, this thesis employs an empirical case study methodology consisting of a series of observational studies. Each of these studies publicness transcribed through observations of use, users and use patterns. This study identifies a distinction that underlies the discussion of publicness: that of non-place as opposed to place. The distinction of space and place relates to whether users establish personal relationships to the spaces they use and has drawn much critical attention in urban studies over the past several decades. Places typically provide the stage for social practices. The relationship between place and mobility at an elevated level has however, not been studied in detail yet. As mobile urban populations pass through places more than we dwell in them, a new type of space has emerged to facilitate a 'frictionless passage', or non-place. Within this realm of non-place pedestrians pass through zones of movement like passengers experiencing a lack of relationship or disconnectivity with a space. This leads to the question whether elevated pedestrian walkways consisting of spatial flows,