Download or read book Assessing the Impacts of Agricultural Policy and Structural Reforms on Income Distribution and Poverty in Brazil written by Carlos Roberto Azzoni and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Producers and households in developing countries are affected by the prices of products involved in international transactions. The impacts of agricultural policy and structural reforms leading to changes in international prices of goods and services are expected to be differentiated across households and producers, depending on how they are involved in the circular flow of goods and services within the country of residence. As such, it might be expected that these reforms will affect income distribution and poverty levels within those countries. The objective of this study is to produce an estimate of the impacts of agricultural policy and structural reforms on income distribution and poverty in Brazil, considering not only the first round (direct) effects but also their spillovers (indirect effects) across the circular flow of income. The introduction of the second and higher round effects is important, for the initial effects could either be mitigated or empowered by the indirect effects.
Download or read book Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil written by Maurizio Bussolo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small.
Download or read book Smallholders and Structural Change in the Brazilian Economy written by Gary N. Howe and published by IICA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic and political context of agrarian transformation; The position of the small-scale producer in the agricultural sector; Smallholdings and rural poverty; Smallholder agriculture ture in tthe northeast; Smallholders and development interventions in the northeast; Smallholders and the rural poor in national development; Towards an IFAD strategy in Brazil; Statistical annex.
Download or read book Structural Reform Priorities for Brazil written by Nina Biljanovska and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, Brazil has experienced relatively weak economic growth due to stagnant productivity. To boost productivity, Brazil should embark on an ambitious structural reform process. In doing so, it is crucial that authorities select a few reform priorities to avoid dispersing political capital on an overly broad reform agenda. The paper aims to identify Brazil’s reform priorities in two steps. First, it estimates the impact that different reforms have on Brazil’s productivity. Second, it analyzes survey data to assess the extent of public support for reforms. The results show that banking sector reforms would generate the largest productivity gains and have the highest level of public support. Moreover, they would also be relatively easy to legislate and generate significant fiscal savings.
Download or read book Tax Reform Income Distribution and Poverty in Brazil written by Joaquim Bento S. Ferreira Filho and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the impacts of three different indirect tax policies on the Brazilian economy: reduction of indirect taxes over the main household consumption products; reduction of indirect taxes over the main inputs used in agriculture; and the reduction of indirect taxes over all products in a specific region (São Paulo state) in Brazil. The analysis was carried out with the aid of an inter-regional static general equilibrium model of the country that was linked to a micro-simulation model used for poverty and income distribution analysis. The first two simulations showed that the policies have potential to improve income distribution, mainly benefiting the lower income families in the poorest regions. The reduction of indirect taxes over goods and services in São Paulo state shows that this state would benefit more compared to the other states, an example of the so called "fiscal war". This policy also points to some regressive effects of the tax policies on income distribution, since it disproportionately benefits the higher income groups located in the São Paulo state. The strong fall significant drop in tax collection should be taken as a sign for restraining policy implementation.
Download or read book Rural Poverty Alleviation in Brazil written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Development in Brazil written by Antonio M. Buainain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-20 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades, Brazilian agriculture has experienced a seismic transformation, and its contradictory facets have fed different and opposing narratives regarding recent changes. This book covers these changes, exploring the issues from several empirical and analytical angles, including the role of agriculture in the contemporary Brazilian economy, the dynamics of Brazilian agricultural value chains, environmental challenges and the processes of social differentiation. Brazilian agriculture continues to be viewed in the international literature, either through the lenses of the past century – those of former problems relating to land use and land tenure – or apologetically. This collection of essays aims at updating the current interpretations, providing objective accounting of the main transformations, its determinants, results, contradictions and limitations. As it covers the most relevant traits of Brazilian agricultural and rural development, the book will provide the reader with an encompassing view of contemporary Brazilian agriculture, including the positive and negative sides of the so-called tropical agriculture revolution. It highlights the tremendous economic potential as well as the continuing structural heterogeneity, concentration of production and marginalization of millions of small farmers. Written in an engaging and accessible style, this book will be perfect for all those interested in learning about Brazilian agriculture. It will be of particular interest to undergraduate and graduate students of economic development, agricultural economics, rural sociology, comparative economic development, rural development and agricultural policies.
Download or read book Structural Reforms Macroeconomic Fluctuations and Income Distribution in Brazil written by Marcelo Cortes Neri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper attempted to measure the evolution of income distribution and its determinants during the period of economic reforms. [It's] divided in two parts: ... [first] long-run relations between reforms and income distribution were explored ... [secondly] explored relations between movements of distributive variables, on the one hand, and economic reforms and macroeconomic fluctuations, on the other"--p.5
Download or read book Welfare Inequality and Resource Depletion written by Mariano Torras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book breaks new ground by accounting for the welfare implications of both severe inequality and environmental degradation and developing a sustainable development indicator that incorporates changes over time in each of these dimensions. The model is applied to data from Brazil spanning the 1965 -1998 period. The book's findings cast significant doubt on the proposition that rapid economic growth in Brazil has resulted in comparable welfare gains. The evidence presented more generally illustrates the often unsustainable nature of rapid GDP growth phases, as well as the general unreliability of GDP growth as an indicator of well-being improvement. The specific policy implication is that Brazil should discontinue - or at least severely curtail - the regressive and resource intensive economic policies it has followed in recent decades in the interest of welfare improvement not only for the poorer groups in society, but for future generations of Brazilians as well.
Download or read book Do Structural Reforms Always Succeed written by Jorge Saba Arbache and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Reform Income Distribution and Poverty in Brazil written by Joaquim Bento S. Ferreira Filho and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses the impacts of three different indirect tax policies on the Brazilian economy: reduction of indirect taxes over the main household consumption products; reduction of indirect taxes over the main inputs used in agriculture; and the reduction of indirect taxes over all products in a specific region (São Paulo state) in Brazil. The analysis was carried out with the aid of an inter-regional static general equilibrium model of the country that was linked to a micro-simulation model used for poverty and income distribution analysis. The first two simulations showed that the policies have potential to improve income distribution, mainly benefiting the lower income families in the poorest regions. The reduction of indirect taxes over goods and services in São Paulo state shows that this state would benefit more compared to the other states, an example of the so called “fiscal war”. This policy also points to some regressive effects of the tax policies on income distribution, since it disproportionately benefits the higher income groups located in the São Paulo state. The strong fall significant drop in tax collection should be taken as a sign for restraining policy implementation.
Download or read book Challenging Social Inequality written by Miguel Carter and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Challenging Social Inequality, an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars and development workers explores the causes, consequences, and contemporary reactions to Brazil's sharply unequal agrarian structure. They focus on the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST)—Latin America's largest and most prominent social movement—and its ongoing efforts to confront historic patterns of inequality in the Brazilian countryside. Several essays provide essential historical background for understanding the MST. They examine Brazil's agrarian structure, state policies, and the formation of rural civil-society organizations. Other essays build on a frequently made distinction between the struggle for land and the struggle on the land. The first refers to the mobilization undertaken by landless peasants to demand government land redistribution. The struggle on the land takes place after the establishment of an official agricultural settlement. The main efforts during this phase are geared toward developing productive and meaningful rural communities. The last essays in the collection are wide-ranging analyses of the MST, which delve into the movement's relations with recent governments and its impact on other Brazilian social movements. In the conclusion, Miguel Carter appraises the future of agrarian reform in Brazil. Contributors. José Batista Gonçalves Afonso, Sonia Maria P..P. Bergamasco, Sue Branford, Elena Calvo-González, Miguel Carter, Horacio Martins de Carvalho, Guilherme Costa Delgado, Bernardo Mançano Fernandes, Leonilde Sérvolo de Medeiros, George Mészáros, Luiz Antonio Norder, Gabriel Ondetti, Ivo Poletto, Marcelo Carvalho Rosa, Lygia Maria Sigaud, Emmanuel Wambergue, Wendy Wolford
Download or read book Social Inequalities in Brazil written by Laura Jakobeit and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?
Download or read book Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Brazil written by and published by EdUSP. This book was released on 2007 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the design and implementation of public policies to promote economic growth with fair income distribution. Considers aspects of health, housing, social protection, educational needs, and related means of reducing inequality.
Download or read book Innovation Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Brazil written by Oecd and published by OECD. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture and the agro-processing sector in Brazil have shown impressive growth over the past two decades. This has largely been driven by productivity improvements and structural adjustment resulting from broad economic reforms, as well as new technologies developed by agricultural science. Government policy and industry initiatives are increasingly focused on the sustainability of agricultural development.
Download or read book Rural Poverty Alleviation in Brazil written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This approach involves agricultural intensification in the small farm sector, dynamism in the commercial agricultural sector, rural non-farm employment stimulation, youth migration, and safety net provisions."--Jacket.
Download or read book Economic Consequences of a Land Reform in Brazil written by William R. Cline and published by Amsterdam : North Holland Publishing Company. This book was released on 1970 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
