Download or read book Assessing Differential Bundle Functioning Using Meta analysis written by Lanrong Li and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When developing a test, it is essential to ensure that the test is free of items with differential item functioning (DIF). DIF occurs when examinees of equal ability, but from different examinee subgroups, have different chances of getting the item correct. According to the multidimensional perspective, DIF occurs because the test measures more than one dimension, and examinees from different groups have unequal distributions on the secondary dimension(s) conditional on the primary dimension measured by the test. Often, more than one item is measured by the secondary dimension. The DIF of individual items may be hard to detect statistically but can accumulate to an unacceptable degree at the item cluster/bundle level. Differential bundle functioning (or DBF) occurs when examinees from different groups have unequal expected scores on an item bundle. Research on DBF has the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying DIF and DBF. The simultaneous item bias test (SIBTEST, Shealy and Stout, 1993) has been developed to assess DIF and DBF. However, an unresolved issue is the lack of effect size for DBF, making it difficult to assess the amount of DBF within and between tests. Additionally, few procedures can be used to assess both DIF and DBF, which may be one of the reasons why DBF is less frequently examined than DIF among practitioners. In this study, I propose using meta-analysis techniques to synthesize differential item functioning (DIF) effect sizes and to assess differential bundle functioning (DBF). The test of nonzero average DIF can be used to test for the existence of DBF. Also, the weighted average DIF can be used as an average-based effect size, and the standard deviation of DIF in an item bundle can be used as a variance-based DBF effect size. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed effect size for DBF and to compare the test of nonzero average DIF in an item bundle with that of a DBF test using SIBTEST. I used three DIF procedures (id est, the Mantel-Haenszel procedure, the logistic-regression procedure, and the SIBTEST procedure) to obtain DIF estimates and then applied the random-effects model to the DIF estimates. Seven factors, including sample size, between-group difference in the primary dimension, between-group difference in the secondary dimension, the correlation between the two dimensions, sample-size ratio between the focal and the reference groups, item-bundle length, and the presence of guessing in the item response, were manipulated in the simulation. When the two dimensions were moderately correlated or when there was no impact, the proposed DBF effect size based on the SIBTEST DIF procedure was essentially unbiased, and the proposed DBF tests based on the three DIF procedures had Type-I error and power rates comparable to those of the SIBTEST DBF test. When there was an impact and the two dimensions were not correlated or weakly correlated, the DBF effect sizes from the meta-analysis of DIF indices from the three procedures had upward biases, and the meta-analysis-based DBF tests tended to have inflated Type-I error. The variance-based DBF effect size for the whole test changed with the weighted average-based DBF effect size in the item bundle. The rejection rates of the DBF test, the weighted average-based DBF effect size, and the variance-based DBF effect size were largely determined by the potential for DIF. I discuss the findings and the implications for applied research and point out directions for future research.

Download or read book Comparing Methods for Identifying Suspect Items and Item Bundles in a Multidimensionality based DIF Analysis Approach written by Marian Fushell and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional approaches for identifying test items exhibiting differential item functioning (DIF) or groups of items exhibiting differential bundle functioning (DBF) use an exploratory approach based on statistical criteria. In 1996, Roussos and Stout proposed a multidimensionality-based approach in which suspect items and bundles of items are identified before being examined for possible DIF/DBE. Roussos and Stout suggested identifying suspect items or bundles of items based on the test's table of specifications, content analysis, cognitive level analysis, or statistical analysis; however, these approaches have not been compared. In this study, the effectiveness of two of these methods, the test's table of specifications and statistical analysis, are compared. A second research question concerns how one-item-at-a-time DIF analysis compares for bundles exhibiting and not exhibiting significant DBF. When applied to the 2001 School Achievement Indicators Program Mathematics Assessment, the two bundle-organizing methods lead to different kinds of bundles: the bundles derived from the test specifications were related to mathematics content, and the bundles from statistical analysis were related to item format and difficulty. The approaches identified different suspect items and suspect bundles of items as exhibiting gender and language DIF/DBF. Further analysis of the one-item-at-a-time DIF of the items within the identified bundles revealed different patterns for bundles with significant DBF and bundles having no significant DBF. These patterns were generally consistent in the direction of the differential bias and somewhat related to the detectible multidimensionality of the bundles. This study suggests that researchers should identify suspect items as well as suspect bundles and use more than one method to inform decision-making about the presence of bias.

Download or read book Evaluating Language Assessments written by Antony John Kunnan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating Language Assessments offers a comprehensive overview of the theoretical bases and research methodologies for the evaluation of language assessments and demonstrates the importance of a fuller understanding of this widely used evaluative tool. The volume explores language assessment evaluation in its wider political, economic, social, legal, and ethical contexts while also illustrating quantitative and qualitative methods through discussions of key research studies. Suitable for students in applied linguistics, second language acquisition and language assessment and education, this book makes the case for a clear and rigorous understanding of the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of language assessment evaluation in order to achieve fair assessments and just institutions.

Download or read book Doing Meta Analysis with R written by Mathias Harrer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book

Download or read book Meta Analysis of the Mantel Haenszel Index for the Detection of Differential Item Functioning written by Jin Koo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This dissertation proposes an approach for synthesizing the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) Differential Item Functioning (DIF) index. It is shown that meta-analytic summaries of MH DIF estimates have potential implications for test development through observations of DIF changes. DIF changes could occur if the DIF magnitudes of items vary over time or across different groups. This approach is an extension of meta-analysis techniques for odds ratios. Unlike the typical odds ratio, the MH DIF is a common odds ratio, indicating the average of odds ratios across all matched ability levels. Also, the dissertation examines how the Q test of homogeneity for MH DIF indices behaves as a function of the magnitude of variations in DIF using a simulation study. This proposed approach is used with real data. My example uses data on the reading achievement of standard curriculum students (SCS) and students with disabilities (SWD) on a state-wide assessment. Thus, this dissertation makes a contribution to the understanding of SWD DIF trends in reading achievement by investigating meta-analytic summaries of the MH DIF index. In addition, this dissertation investigates whether the values of DIF for SCS vs. SWD are dependent on the type of reading item tested. Educational implications are discussed.

Download or read book Identifying Possible Sources of Differential Functioning Using Differential Bundle Functioning with Polytomously Scored Data written by Frances Anne McCarty and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exploring Differential Item Functioning on Science Achievement Tests written by Laura S. Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Differential Response Functioning Framework for Understanding Item Bundle and Test Bias written by Robert Philip Sidney Chalmers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation extends the parametric sampling method and area-based statistics for differential test functioning (DTF) proposed by Chalmers, Counsell, and Flora (2016). Measures for differential item and bundle functioning are first introduced as a special case of the DTF statistics. Next, these extensions are presented in concert with the original DTF measures as a unified framework for quantifying differential response functioning (DRF) of items, bundles, and tests. To evaluate the utility of the new family of measures, the DRF framework is compared to the previously established simultaneous item bias test (SIBTEST) and differential functioning of items and tests (DFIT) frameworks. A series of Monte Carlo simulation conditions were designed to estimate the power to detect differential effects when compensatory and non-compensatory differential effects are present, as well as to evaluate Type I error control. Benefits inherent to the DRF framework are discussed, extensions are suggested, and alternative methods for generating composite-level sampling variability are presented. Finally, it is argued that the area-based measures in the DRF framework provide an intuitive and meaningful quantification of marginal and conditional response bias over and above what has been offered by the previously established statistical frameworks.

Download or read book Quantitative Data Analysis for Language Assessment Volume I written by Vahid Aryadoust and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Data Analysis for Language Assessment Volume I: Fundamental Techniques is a resource book that presents the most fundamental techniques of quantitative data analysis in the field of language assessment. Each chapter provides an accessible explanation of the selected technique, a review of language assessment studies that have used the technique, and finally, an example of an authentic study that uses the technique. Readers also get a taste of how to apply each technique through the help of supplementary online resources that include sample data sets and guided instructions. Language assessment students, test designers, and researchers should find this a unique reference as it consolidates theory and application of quantitative data analysis in language assessment.

Download or read book The Value of Differential Bundle Functioning Using the PIRLS and SOLO Categories as Organising Principles written by Jeremy Basil Zwiegelaar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Basic Methods Handbook for Clinical Orthopaedic Research written by Volker Musahl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to meet the needs of both novice and senior researchers in Orthopaedics by providing the essential, clinically relevant knowledge on research methodology that is sometimes overlooked during training. Readers will find a wealth of easy-to-understand information on all relevant aspects, from protocol design, the fundamentals of statistics, and the use of computer-based tools through to the performance of clinical studies with different levels of evidence, multicenter studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and economic health care studies. A key feature is a series of typical case examples that will facilitate use of the volume as a handbook for most common research approaches and study types. Younger researchers will also appreciate the guidance on preparation of abstracts, poster and paper presentations, grant applications, and publications. The authors are internationally renowned orthopaedic surgeons with extensive research experience and the book is published in collaboration with ISAKOS.

Download or read book Measurement Tools for Clinical Assessment Characterization and Neurorehabilitation of Parkinson s Disease written by Carmen Rodriguez-Blazquez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Carmen Rodriguez-Blazquez received support from AbbVie for attending two scientific congresses. Prof. Mayela Rodriguez-Violante received honorariums from Medtronic and Everneuropharma.

Download or read book CSE Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Illustrated Orthopedic Physical Assessment E Book written by Ronald C. Evans and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-12-15 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logically organized with comprehensive coverage, this newly revised third edition prepares you to choose the right orthopedic tests, accurately assess any patient, and arrive at a clear diagnosis. Trusted for both its depth of coverage and its accessible, accurate information, it features gamuts, clinical pearls, and cross-reference tables for quick and easy reference. Now in brilliant full color, with all new photos of every test, it’s even more visually appealing, and illustrates common conditions and procedural tests more effectively than ever before. This edition offers a fresh look at testing for orthopedic conditions, with detailed text that explains the key moves of each test, its alternate names, and the appropriate reporting statement. Extensive cross-referencing ensures that you can easily find the right test for efficient and effective practice, and protocol charts guide you through the examination process step by step. Chapters are logically organized by region, and tests within each chapter are arranged alphabetically, so you can find the information you need in seconds! Each test begins with a brief discussion of basic anatomy, then moves into a description of the actual procedure and ends with next-step directives. Critical Thinking questions at the end of each chapter help you apply what you’ve learned to clinical practice. Orthopedic Gamuts provide summaries of key points in a concise list – numerous gamuts within each chapter help you master material quickly and easily. Clinical Pearls share the author’s knowledge gained through years of clinical experience, helping you avoid common misdiagnoses. Cross-reference tables offer at-a-glance guidance on which tests should be used to diagnose particular diseases, for maximum accuracy and efficiency in practice. Each chapter begins with an index of tests for easy reference, and axioms that remind you of elemental information, such as how painful certain maneuvers may be or the extent of some body parts’ range. Contains a chapter on malingering (non-organically-based complaints), helping you investigate and determine the root cause of complaint, whether due to injury, for psychological reasons, or an attempt to feign injury for various purposes, such as for improper receipt of worker’s compensation. Companion DVD contains video footage of Dr. Evans performing and explaining each assessment test in the book. Full-color photographs demonstrate how to perform 237 orthopedic tests! At the Viewbox feature contains high-quality radiographs that depict various pathologies, as well as musculature and other anatomy that can’t be shown photographically.

Download or read book Assessments Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease written by Colin R Martin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-01 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessments, Treatments and Modeling in Aging and Neurological Disease: The Neuroscience of Aging is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurological aging and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological aging and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the aging of neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. It also examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of age-related conditions that affect the brain, including Alzheimer’s, stroke and multiple sclerosis. Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics related to the neuroscience of aging Features sections on diagnosis and biomarkers of neurological aging, Alzheimer’s and stroke Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables

Download or read book Conn s Current Therapy 2024 written by Rick D. Kellerman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-11-29 with total page 1645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trusted by clinicians for more than 75 years, Conn’s Current Therapy presents today’s evidence-based information along with the personal experience and discernment of expert physicians. The 2024 edition is a helpful resource for a wide range of healthcare providers, including primary care physicians, subspecialists, and allied health professionals, providing current treatment information in a concise yet in-depth format. Nearly 350 topics have been carefully reviewed and updated to bring you state-of-the-art content in even the most rapidly changing areas of medicine. Offers personal approaches from recognized leaders in the field, covering common complaints, acute diseases, and chronic illnesses along with the most current evidence-based clinical management options. Follows a consistent, easy-to-use format throughout, with diagnosis, therapy, drug protocols, and treatment pearls presented in quick-reference boxes and tables for point-of-care answers to common clinical questions. Incorporates electronic links throughout the text that connect the reader to apps and clinical prediction tools that can easily be accessed in practice. Features thoroughly reviewed and updated information from multiple expert authors and editors, who offer a fresh perspective and their unique personal experience and judgment. Provides current drug information thoroughly reviewed by PharmDs. Features nearly 300 images, including algorithms, anatomical illustrations, and photographs, that provide useful information for diagnosis.