Download or read book Aspects of Articulatory and Perceptual Learning in Novel Phoneme Acquisition written by Emily Suzanne Cibelli and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I describe three related experiments which explore the relationship between perceptual and articulatory learning during the process of second language phoneme acquisition. Novel phoneme acquisition is a well-documented challenge for adult learners which can persist even after extensive experience with the target language. The perceptual challenge typically manifests as an inability to distinguish between two or more target categories. Articulation performance often reveals a significant effect of the native language on pronunciation. While these problems have been extensively studied as independent phenomena, there is less work relating the joint development of articulatory and perceptual categories in second language acquisition. As a result, questions remain about the effects of cross-modal training - the extent to which learning in one domain can support development in the other. This dissertation contributes to that body of literature with experiments that compare the effects of perceptual and articulatory training on the perception and production of Hindi coronal stop consonants by native English speakers. It focuses on adult learners who have no prior exposure to Hindi to explore patterns of learning at the earliest stages, before stable second language targets have formed. Of particular interest is the transfer of articulatory learning to perceptual categorization, a trajectory which has been explored in only a small handful of studies. In experiment 1 (chapter 2), the joint contributions of perceptual and articulatory learning on category acquisition were assessed with a multi-day training experiment. Benefits were found for within-mode learning - perceptual training aided discrimination, and pronunciation was improved during articulatory training. However, cross-modal learning did not have an effect - pronunciation was not significantly improved by perceptual learning, and articulatory learning did not have an additional benefit on discrimination performance. Experiment 2 (chapter 3) sought an explanation for the lack of a cross-modal effect in experiment 1. New learners who received only a single session of training showed discrimination improvement whether they received articulatory or perceptual training. This finding suggests that learners in experiment 1 failed to show an improvement from cross-modal learning not because of general inefficacy, but because they had already received prior training during perceptual learning. This result is taken as evidence that completely novice learners benefit from instruction about category targets regardless of the mode of training, but that within-mode learning may be more beneficial once some experience is gained. In experiment 3 (chapter 4), the neural correlates of category learning were tested. The mismatch negativity response, a component of the electrophysiological response to auditory stimuli, was used to test pre-attentive categorization of selected target categories. The findings from this study indicate that learners are able to detect category differences both before and after training - a contrast to the behavioral results reported in experiments 1 and 2. This study suggests that pre-attentive auditory detection of non-native contrasts is possible even when behavior indicates an inability to categorize targets. Taken together, these results provide some evidence for the efficacy of cross-modal training, but the effect is restricted to certain conditions. I argue that cross-modal learning may be most effective for purely novice learners; when a learner has not been introduced to a category paradigm before, it may be that any cue to category identity can be leveraged to begin to detect contrasts. This is provided that detection is undertaken as a conscious categorical task, and not a pre-attentive response. After some learning has taken place, within-mode training becomes more important to continued development of category representations. This work supports arguments that acoustic and perceptual processes may be the primary source of robust perceptual phonetic categories, while simultaneously supporting the involvement of motor representations as a secondary mechanism to support those categories. The dissertation concludes with predictions about the trajectory of learning beyond the novice stage, and suggestions for future avenues of behavioral and neural studies of non-native phonetic category representations.

Download or read book The Development of Speech Perception written by Judith Claire Goodman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive collection of current research in the development of speech perception and perceptual learning documents the striking changes that take place both in early childhood and throughout life and speculates about the mechanisms responsible for those changes. The findings reported from this rich and active field address the role of growing linguistic knowledge and experience and demonstrate that speech perception develops in a bidirectional interplay with several levels of linguistic structure and cognitive processes. Examining transitions in the perceptual processing of speech from infancy to adulthood as well as what causes these transitions, the contributors take up a broad range of issues that are central to constructing a theory of speech perception and to understanding the development of this ability. These include the nature of infants' early sensory proficiencies, how these skills come to support the recognition of linguistic units, developmental differences in the representation and processing of linguistic units, the acquisition of early word patterns and a phonological system, and the mechanisms behind perceptual learning. The Development of Speech Perception is unique in attempting to integrate research involving infants, young children, and adults and in its thorough treatment of developmental issues in speech perception. It systematically explores how adult perceptual abilities begin to develop from early infant capabilities, and in doing so addresses several levels of linguistic processing.

Download or read book Second Language Speech Learning written by Ratree Wayland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including contributions from a team of world-renowned international scholars, this volume is a state-of-the-art survey of second language speech research, showcasing new empirical studies alongside critical reviews of existing influential speech learning models. It presents a revised version of Flege's Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) for the first time, an update on a cornerstone of second language research. Chapters are grouped into five thematic areas: theoretical progress, segmental acquisition, acquiring suprasegmental features, accentedness and acoustic features, and cognitive and psychological variables. Every chapter provides new empirical evidence, offering new insights as well as challenges on aspects of the second language speech acquisition process. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book summarises the state of current research in second language phonology, and aims to shape and inspire future research in the field. It is an essential resource for academic researchers and students of second language acquisition, applied linguistics and phonetics and phonology.

Download or read book Applied Linguistics for Teachers of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners written by Erdogan, Nabat and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irrespective of the language (first, second, or foreign) taught, knowledge of linguistics and its application is a must for language teachers. However, most TESOL programs use general linguistics textbooks that deal with the science of linguistics (as theory), disregarding its implications (practice) for teaching English language learners. Applied Linguistics for Teachers of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners is an essential scholarly publication that seeks to contribute to TESOL and language teacher education programs in order to assist educators to apply their knowledge to help linguistically and culturally diverse learners succeed in school and life. Highlighting an array of topics such as bilingualism, morphology, and sociolinguistics, this book is ideal for educators, educational programs, professionals, academicians, professors, linguists, and students.

Download or read book Language Acquisition written by Jill G. De Villiers and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of language acquisition has become a center of scientific inquiry into the nature of the human mind. The result is a windfall of new information about language, about learning, and about children themselves. In Language Acquisition Jill and Peter de Villiers provide a lively introduction to this fast-growing field. Their book deals centrally with the way the child acquires the sounds, meanings, and syntax of his language, and the way he learns to use his language to communicate with others. In discussing these issues, the de Villiers provide a clear and insightful treatment of the classic questions about language acquisition: Does the child show a genetic predisposition for speech, or grammar, or semantics which makes him uniquely able to learn human language? What kinds of learning are involved in acquiring language and what kinds of experience with a language are necessary to support such learning? Is there a critical period during the child's development which is optimal for language acquisition? And what kind of psychological disabilities underlie the failure to acquire language?

Download or read book Where Do Phonological Features Come From written by G. Nick Clements and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a timely reconsideration of the function, content, and origin of phonological features, in a set of papers that is theoretically diverse yet thematically strongly coherent. Most of the papers were originally presented at the International Conference "Where Do Features Come From?" held at the Sorbonne University, Paris, October 4-5, 2007. Several invited papers are included as well. The articles discuss issues concerning the mental status of distinctive features, their role in speech production and perception, the relation they bear to measurable physical properties in the articulatory and acoustic/auditory domains, and their role in language development. Multiple disciplinary perspectives are explored, including those of general linguistics, phonetic and speech sciences, and language acquisition. The larger goal was to address current issues in feature theory and to take a step towards synthesizing recent advances in order to present a current "state of the art" of the field.

Download or read book From Perceptual Learning to Speech Production written by Peter T. Richtsmeier and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The acquisition of phonology written by Sarah Schmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examination Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 1,0, University of Duisburg-Essen (Department of Anglophone Studies), language: English, abstract: This critical essay investigates the acquisition of phonology. It is amazing how rapidly children develop in the first years of their lives. The acquisition of their mother tongue is especially fascinating because it is such a complex process. Not only the linguistic code has to be fully acquired but also all its rules and norms. That is, apart from the language’s phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis and semantics, – constituting the code of every language –pragmatic rules are also important for the daily use and the full dominance of a language. This essay focuses on the most basic field, phonology, and explains how a child acquires the target language’s phonology. Although the stages of the acquisition process are described generally since they are universal and hold true for all children independently of their mother tongue, the attention is on the English phonology in particular. First language acquisition in general is an important topic, not only for linguists. To have knowledge about it also helps the parents to raise children, especially in bilingual situations. I, myself, consider it very useful to write about such a topic as one can learn to understand what and how many stages and steps are actually involved. If we know how it works, perhaps we may also understand why children initially make errors or quite unusual utterances or even extraordinary sounds (in the pre-language stages) while acquiring the native language. The essay will provide information about the whole acquisition process. However, the main focus will be on the first four to six years.

Download or read book Neurobiology of Language written by Gregory Hickok and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it – e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists Chapters authored by world leaders in the field – the broadest, most expert coverage available

Download or read book Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition written by Gareth Gaskell and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech Perception and Spoken Word Recognition features contributions from the field’s leading scientists, and covers recent developments and current issues in the study of cognitive and neural mechanisms that take patterns of air vibrations and turn them ‘magically’ into meaning. The volume makes a unique theoretical contribution in linking behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research, and cutting across traditional strands of study, such as adult and developmental processing. The book: Focusses on the state of the art in the study of speech perception and spoken word recognition Discusses the interplay between behavioural and cognitive neuroscience evidence, and between adult and developmental research Evaluates key theories in the field and relates them to recent empirical advances, including the relationship between speech perception and speech production, meaning representation and real-time activation, and bilingual and monolingual spoken word recognition Examines emerging areas of study such as word learning and time-course of memory consolidation, and how the science of human speech perception can help computer speech recognition Overall this book presents a renewed focus on theoretical and developmental issues, as well as a multifaceted and broad review of the state of research, in speech perception and spoken word recognition. Particularly interested readers will be researchers of psycholinguistics and adjoining fields as well as advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Download or read book Phonology in Perception written by Paul Boersma and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-12-15 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book consists of nine chapters dealing with the interaction of speech perception and phonology. Rather than accepting the common assumption that perceptual considerations influence phonological behaviour, the book aims to investigate the reverse direction of causation, namely the extent to which phonological knowledge guides the speech perception process. Most of the chapters discuss formalizations of the speech perception process that involve ranked phonological constraints. Theoretical frameworks argued for are Natural Phonology, Optimality Theory, and the Neigbourhood Activation Model. The book discusses the perception of segments, stress, and intonation in the fields of loanword adaptation, second language acquisition, and sound change. The book is of interest to phonologists, phoneticians and psycholinguists working on the phonetics-phonology interface, and to everybody who is interested in the idea that phonology is not production alone.

Download or read book Modularity and the Motor theory of Speech Perception written by Michael Studdert-Kennedy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of the proceedings of a conference held to honor Alvin M. Liberman for his outstanding contributions to research in speech perception, this volume deals with two closely related and controversial proposals for which Liberman and his colleagues at Haskins Laboratories have argued forcefully over the past 35 years. The first is that articulatory gestures are the units not only of speech production but also of speech perception; the second is that speech production and perception are not cognitive processes, but rather functions of a special mechanism. This book explores the implications of these proposals not only for speech production and speech perception, but for the neurophysiology of language, language acquisition, higher-level linguistic processing, the visual perception of phonetic gestures, the production and perception of sign language, the reading process, and learning to read. The contributors to this volume include linguists, psycholinguists, speech scientists, neurophysiologists, and ethologists. Liberman himself responds in the final chapter.

Download or read book Language Development From Birth To Three written by Moshe Anisfeld and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With selections of philosophers from Plotinus to Bruno, this new anthology provides significant learning support and historical context for the readings along with a wide variety of pedagogical assists.Featuring biographical headnotes, reading introductions, study questions, as well as specialPrologues andPhilosophical Overviews, this anthology offers a unique set of critical thinking promtps to help students understand and appreciate the philosophical concepts under discussion.Philosophical Bridges discuss how the work of earlier thinkers would influence philosophers to come and place major movements in a contemporary context, showing students how the schools of philosophy interrelate and how the various philosophies apply to the world today.In addition to this volume of Medieval Philosophy, a comprehensive survey of the whole of Western philosophical history and other individual volumes for each of the major historical eras are also available for specialized courses.

Download or read book Speech Production and Perception Learning and Memory written by Susanne Fuchs and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through several reviews and original work, the book focuses on three key topics: first, the role of real-time auditory feedback in learning, second, the role of motor aspects for learning and memory, and third, representations in memory and the role of sleep on memory consolidation.

Download or read book The Emergence of Language written by Brian MacWhinney and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly four centuries, our understanding of human development has been controlled by the debate between nativism and empiricism. Nowhere has the contrast between these apparent alternatives been sharper than in the study of language acquisition. However, as more is learned about the details of language learning, it is found that neither nativism nor empiricism provides guidance about the ways in which complexity arises from the interaction of simpler developmental forces. For example, the child's first guesses about word meanings arise from the interplay between parental guidance, the child's perceptual preferences, and neuronal support for information storage and retrieval. As soon as the shape of the child's lexicon emerges from these more basic forces, an exploration of "emergentism" as a new alternative to nativism and empiricism is ready to begin. This book presents a series of emergentist accounts of language acquisition. Each case shows how a few simple, basic processes give rise to new levels of language complexity. The aspects of language examined here include auditory representations, phonological and articulatory processes, lexical semantics, ambiguity processing, grammaticality judgment, and sentence comprehension. The approaches that are invoked to account formally for emergent patterns include neural network theory, dynamic systems, linguistic functionalism, construction grammar, optimality theory, and statistically-driven learning. The excitement of this work lies both in the discovery of new emergent patterns and in the integration of theoretical frameworks that can formalize the theory of emergentism.

Download or read book Perception of Language written by University of Pittsburgh. Learning Research and Development Center and published by MacMillan Publishing Company. This book was released on 1971 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Neural Modeling of Speech Processing and Speech Learning written by Bernd J. Kröger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the processes of spoken language production and perception from a neurobiological perspective. After presenting the basics of speech processing and speech acquisition, a neurobiologically-inspired and computer-implemented neural model is described, which simulates the neural processes of speech processing and speech acquisition. This book is an introduction to the field and aimed at students and scientists in neuroscience, computer science, medicine, psychology and linguistics.