Download or read book Aqueous Processing of Thorium Fuels written by Raymond Eugene Blanco and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AQUEOUS PROCESSING OF THORIUM FUELS written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of aqueous processing methods for thorium fuels is summarized, with principal emphasis on the stainless steel-clad ThO2UO/sub 2/ type. Data were obtained principally from laboratory-scale experiments with fully irradiated fuel samples and engineering-scale tests with unirradiated fuel. Stainless steel cladding was easily dissolved with 4 to 6M H2SO4 (Sulfex process) or 5M HNO3-2M HCl (Darex process) in LCNA (Nionel type) or titanium equipment, respectively, in semicontinuous or batch equipment. Uranium losses to the decladding solutions were approximates 0.3% and 3 to 5% for the Sulfex and Darex processes, respectively, with fuel irradiated to approximates 20,000 Mwd/ton of core. The uranium was readily recovered from the Darex decladding solution in the acid Thorex extraction process. The ThO2UO/sub 2/ core was dissolved in 13M HNO3 -0.04M NaF-0.1M Al(NO3)sub 3/. Uranium and thorium can be recovered from graphite-base fuels by disintegration and leaching with 90% HNO3, grinding and leaching with 70% HNO3, or combustion followed by dissolution in fluoridecatlyzed nitric acid. Uranium and thorium were recovered from nitric acid solutions and separated from fission products by extraction with 30% tributyl phosphate in Amsco in the acid Thorex process. The use of an acid deficient feed (0.15M a.d.) induced high decontamination while injection of nitric acld at the fourth extraction stage provided high salting strength and ensured quantitative uranium and thorium extraction. Extensive studies with other organophosphorous extractants established the relations between metal extraction, radiation stability, and metal complex solubility with P-C or P-O bonding and chain branching. Di-sec- butyl phenylphosphonate (DSBPP) combined many of the advantages found and is applicable to the separation of uranium from thorium fission products. Since the thorium distribution coefficients (or Th/F.P. separation factors) were low, none of these extractants is potentially useful for recovery and decontamination of both thorium and uranium. (auth).
Download or read book AQUEOUS PROCESSING OF THORIUM FUELS written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of aqueous processing methods for Th fuels is reviewed. A specially designed 320 ton shear was successfully tested for chopping full size simulated Consolidated Edison type unirradiated assemblies into 0.25-1.5 in. lengths. Pieces about 0.5-in. long are preferred since the core pellets are more severely crushed during the chopping operation, and consequently, the rate of core dissolution is enhanced. The Darex (dtlute aqua regia) and Sulfex (4 to 6 M sulfuric acid) processes for dissolution of stainless steel claddings were developed on a small engineering scale with unirradiated fuel. In hot cell tests on stainless steel clad ThO2-UO2 fuel pins irradiated up to 22,000 Mwd/ton of fuel, the core pellets were severely fractured and losses of U and Th to the Sulfex and Darex solutions were approximates 0.3% and 3 to 5%, respectively. The latter losses are easily recovered in the extraction system. U and Th can be recovered from graphite base fuels by burning and dissoiution of the ash in HNO3 or by grinding to approximates 200 mesh followed by HNO/sub 3/ leaching. The Acid Thorex extraction process was developed to recover both U and Th using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the solvent and the Acid Interim 23 process to recover only the U using either TBP or disecbutyl phenyl phosphate as the solvent. The Acid'' processes use HNO3 rather than Al as the salting agent. (auth).
Download or read book Aqueous Processing of Thorium Fuels written by Raymond Eugene Blanco and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by Raymond G. Wymer and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Developments in Thorium Fuel Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Download or read book Fundamental Studies on Nuclear Fuel Element Processing by Aqueous Methods in Sulphate Media written by Mohammed Abdul Awwal and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reference Thorium Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to define a preliminary thorium fuel cycle to serve as a common basis for beginning development work on October 1, 1977, at participating ERDA laboratories, universities, and commercial facilities. Characteristics of the reference fuel cycle for the Thorium Fuel Cycle Technology (TFCT) program are: fissile uranium will be denatured by mixing with 238U; chemical processing plant design will be based on the assumption that plants are located in secure areas; plutonium will be recycled within these secure areas; thorium will be recycled with recovered uranium and plutonium; the head end of the chemical processing plant will handle a variety of core and blanket fuel assembly designs for light water reactors and heavy water reactors; the fuel form will be a homogeneous mixture of uranium and thorium oxide powders pressed into pellets; fuel cladding will be Zircaloy; and MgO will be added to the fuel to improve the thorium dissolving characteristics. (LK).
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by Raymond G. Wymer and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluid Fuel Reactors written by James A. Lane and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy written by Thomas James Dolan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on the latest advances in MSR research and technology. Building on the successful first edition, Tom Dolan and the team of experts have fully updated the content to reflect the impressive advances from the last 5 years, ensuring this book continues to be the go-to reference on the topic. This new edition covers progress made in MSR design, details innovative experiments, and includes molten salt data, corrosion studies and deployment plans. The successful case studies section of the first edition have been removed, expanded, and fully updated, and are now published in a companion title called Global Case Studies on Molten Salt Reactors. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the advantages and challenges of MSR development and thorium fuel use, as well as step-by-step guidance on the latest in MSR reactor design. Each chapter provides a clear introduction, covers technical issues and includes examples and conclusions, while promoting the sustainability benefits throughout. A fully updated comprehensive handbook on Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, written by a team of global experts Covers MSR applications, technical issues, reactor types and reactor designs Includes 3 brand new chapters which reflect the latest advances in research and technology since the first edition published Presents case studies on molten salt reactors which aid in the transition to net zero by providing abundant clean, safe energy to complement wind and solar powe
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
Download or read book Reactor Fuel Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thoria based Nuclear Fuels written by Dasarathi Das and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-24 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art on thermophysical and thermochemical properties, fabrication methodologies, irradiation behaviours, fuel reprocessing procedures, and aspects of waste management for oxide fuels in general and for thoria-based fuels in particular. The book covers all the essential features involved in the development of and working with nuclear technology. With the help of key databases, many of which were created by the authors, information is presented in the form of tables, figures, schematic diagrams and flow sheets, and photographs. This information will be useful for scientists and engineers working in the nuclear field, particularly for design and simulation, and for establishing the technology. One special feature is the inclusion of the latest information on thoria-based fuels, especially on the use of thorium in power generation, as it has less proliferation potential for nuclear weapons. Given its natural abundance, thorium offers a future alternative to uranium fuels in nuclear technology. In closing, the latest information on conventional uranium and plutonium fuels is also provided.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Thorium Fuel Cycle Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
