Download or read book Application of Water Evaluation and Allocation Planning WEAP Model to Assess Future Water Demands and Water Balance of the Caledon River Basin written by Abebe Seyoum Ayele and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Caledon catchment is one of the 19 catchments in South Africa and three catchments in Lesotho. It covers part of the south eastern Free State in South Africa and northern part of Lesotho. It is important to evaluate the water resources of the catchment to satisfy the projected water demands and in order to plan for the future and make wise decisions. The objective of this study was to apply the Water Evaluation and Planning System version 21 (WEAP21) as a Decision Support System (DSS) tool for the allocation and development of water resources in the Caledon catchment. The model was structured according to three scenarios with a current account (2014) and reference period (2015-2050) to predict their possible impacts on the water balance and allocation of the region due to varied water demands. The scenarios are as follows: scenario 1: increase in population growth rates; scenario 2: irrigation activities in Lesotho; and scenario 3: implementation of environmental flow requirement (EFR) on Caledon River at a site referred to as C6. The first two scenarios are consumptive scenarios whereas the third is a non-consumptive scenario. Scenario analysis answers “what if” questions for the future. Population growth has contributed to water scarcity problem in many parts of the world. In this context, scenario 1 deals with the impact of an increase in population growth on the water balance after 2020 by analysing the unmet demands that will be incurred over the reference period. Scenario 2 also analyses the unmet demands if irrigation activities in Lesotho are increased after 2020. Scenario 3 evaluates the impact of the implementation of an EFR site at C6 – which is situated downstream of all demand sites of the catchment – on upstream demands. Projected water demands and unmet demands were evaluated for four water use sectors, namely, domestic, industry, irrigation and livestock. The catchment comprised of 46 demand sites which were categorised into four use sectors: 20 domestic demand sites, 11 irrigation sites, 10 livestock sites and five industrial sites in both rural and urban areas. The modelling results show that high population growth increases the water shortage to all water use sectors in the catchment. Under a high population growth scenario, the unmet demand occurred between May and October. However, under reference, EFR and irrigation scenarios, the unmet demand occurred only from June to September. The annual unmet demand will increase substantially after 2020 in a high population growth scenario and when the population growth rates are altered. The demand from the irrigation sector is covered or no unmet demands are registered in all years. This is because active irrigation activities happen from December to May when enough water is available from the rivers. The years 2025 and 2050 were chosen to evaluate the water balance situations in terms of supply and demand in the middle and at the end of the reference period under two water use scenarios (high population growth and irrigation added). The result shows that the river flows meet the projected demand in 2025. However, most rivers, including the main river (Caledon River), will not be able to meet the required demands in 2050.
Download or read book Strategic Water Management International Experience and Practices Vol II Basin Water Allocation Planning written by and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling Water Resources Management at the Basin Level written by Daene C. McKinney and published by IWMI. This book was released on 1999 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is facing severe and growing challenges in maintainig water quality and meeting the rapidly growing demand for water resources. In addition, water used for irrigation, the largest use of water in most developing countries, will likely have to be diverted increasingly to meet the needs of urban areas and industry whilst remaining a prime engine of agricultural growth. Finally, environmental and other in-stream water demands become more important as economies develop. The river basin has been acknowledged to be the appropriate unit of analysis to address these chanllenges facing water resources management: and modeling at this scale can provide essential information for policy makers in their decisions on allication of resources. This paper reviews the state of the art of modeling approaches to integrated water resources management at the river basin scale, with particular focus on the potential of coupled economic hydrologic models, and concludes with directions for future modeling exercises.
Download or read book Assessment and Recommendations for Community Water Resources Planning written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Machine Tool Companies in Worcester written by and published by . This book was released on 1995* with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles for Planning Water and Land Resources written by Water Resources Council (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic and Hydrologic Models Integration New Method written by Laura Forni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method for integrating an economic and hydrological model is presented for California's Sacramento River Basin. An economic model, SWAP (State Wide Agricultural Production) is used in conjunction with a hydrological model, Water Evaluation and Planning system Version 21 (WEAP). SWAP (Howitt, 2001) is a Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) calibrated optimization model that uses a deductive method of water valuation at the regional level. WEAP (Yates et al. 2005a, b) is a climate driven water resource model which contains monthly regional climate data and simulates hydrological systems and several water uses. A maximum entropy model is used as a disaggregation procedure of land use from SWAP (aggregate) to WEAP (disaggregated) at the regional level. The model linkage method uses the demand priority system implemented in WEAP as a step function to depict regional demand functions from SWAP. Cropping decisions from SWAP are used in a modified version of WEAP, ECONWEAP, with a representation of water demand tranches through the demand priorities. A comparison between WEAP and ECONWEAP addresses the efficiency of the integration. A complete analysis of water demand coverage per region demonstrates the feasibility of the integration between WEAP and SWAP. This analysis shows that ECONWEAP economically allocates water throughout the regions obtaining a hydrological and economically consistent model which presents a set of initial steps towards the integration of an economic and a hydrological model for water analysis in California. A series of improvements and limitations are described in this paper for future study references.
Download or read book Water Use Analysis Model WUAM Demonstration written by Atef M. Kassem and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstration of the application of the Water Use Analysis model (WUAM) on the Saskatchewan portion of the South Saskatchewan River basin focusing on data requirements and preparation, scenario development, and model runs, and on the analysis of the results. The study investigated the water resources impacts of four alternative development scenarios. The scenarios, all assumed to correspond to the year 2000, covered two levels of future water use in Alberta and two levels of irrigation development in Saskatchewan. Only the irrigated area in Saskatchewan was varied; all other irrigation parameters were assumed to remain constant. The system was also simulated under the extreme condition of Alberta's using 50% of the monthly natural streamflow. Irrigation water uses by irrigation area, node, and basin total and consumptive uses from Lake Diefenbaker for irrigation, evaporation, and diversion were analyzed for the various scenarios and their frequencies of occurrence were presented.
Download or read book Models for System Water Planning with Special Reference to Water Reuse written by David W. Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Planning for the Uncertain Future an Interactive Guide to the Use of Methods for Decisionmaking Under Deep Uncertainty DMDU for U S Bureau of Reclamation Water Resources Planning written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water resources planning is becoming more challenging as the era of expanding supply to meet demand is replaced by integrated resources management, which accounts for limits on new sources, variability in supply and demand, and competing needs from different users. Recent climatic shifts likely will continue to affect water resources management in significant but uncertain ways. At the same time, technological advances are making water use more efficient and upending traditional water-demand forecasting approaches. To ensure that water needs are met in the coming decades, traditional planning methods based on historical system characteristics must be augmented by forward-looking approaches that stress-test assumptions and plans in a wide range of conceivable futures. In other words, approaches and methods need to account for deep uncertainty-uncertainty that cannot be predicted or well understood using standard statistical methods. This tool provides information about decisionmaking under deep uncertainty (DMDU) methods-specifically, Robust Decision Making (RDM)-through five interactive case studies. These case studies focus on the Colorado River Basin, Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, Pecos River-New Mexico Basin, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and Monterrey, Mexico. The goal is to help users gain sufficient familiarity with the methodology and techniques so that they can determine whether RDM is warranted for their own water management study, decide which specific techniques are most appropriate, understand the requirements and challenges for implementing RDM, and assemble the needed technical team and stakeholders to successfully apply RDM to their respective contexts.
Download or read book A Model Code on Planning for and Allocations of Water to Public Water Systems written by Vincent A. Sikora and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Water Balance Computations written by A. A. Sokolov and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model written by David Abbey and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Productivity of Water at Different Spatial Scales Using Simulation Modeling written by Peter Droogers and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear understanding of the current water balance is required to explore options for water saving measures. However, measurement of all the terms in the water balance is infeasible in terms of spatial and temporal scale, but hydrological simulation models can fill the gap between measured and required data. For a basin in Western Turkey, simulation modeling at three different scales, field, irrigation scheme and basin scale, was performed to obtain all terms of the water balance. These water balance numbers were used to calculate the Productivity of Water at the three spatial levels distinguished to assess the performance of the systems.
Download or read book Stochastic Water Demand Modelling written by Mirjam Blokker and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-09-19 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality processes in the drinking water distribution network are strongly influenced by the flow velocity and residence time of the water in the network. In order to understand how the water quality changes in the drinking water distribution network, a good understanding of hydraulics is required. Specifically in the periphery of the network, where customers are connected, the hydraulics can change rapidly. During the night time the water is almost stagnant and the residence time increases. In the morning, when everybody gets up and flushes the toilet and takes a shower, high flow velocities can occur. During the remainder of the day flow velocities are low. The stochastic endues model SIMDEUM was developed to simulate water use on a small time scale (1 s) and small spatial scale (per fixture). SIMDEUM enables a good model of flow velocities, residence times and the connected water quality processes in the water distribution network. Stochastic Water Demand Modelling: Hydraulics in Water Distribution Networks describes the requirements of hydraulics in water quality modelling and provides insight into the development of detailed residential and non-residential water demand models. The book illustrates the use of detailed demand models in water quality models with respect to the variation in residence times and the relation with particle accumulation and resuspension. The models are compared to measurements in several real drinking water distribution networks.
Download or read book Forecasting Water Demands written by Russell G. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Allocation Plan written by Eyre Region Water Resources Planning Committee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
