Download or read book Application of the Ideal Canopy Flow Concept to Natural and Artificial Roughness Elements written by R. M. Cionco and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effort has been expended in modeling air flow within and above simple roughness elements for neutral steady-state conditions. Application of the ideal canopy flow concept suggested by Cionco, Ohmstede and Appleby is now extended to various natural and artificial canopies of simple or complex structure. Properties and characteristics considered were: Shape of the unit canopy wind profile, intensity of turbulence magnitudes, an index of canopy flow, and the effects of density and flexibility variations upon the flow. The profile shape is characteristic and best described by an exponential relationship within simple-structured elements. In complex structures, the profiles exhibited low-level maximums and no-gradient layers. Above the vegetation, the logarithmic wind relation was valid for each canopy type. Intensity of turbulence was relatively uniform with height for simple canopies and significantly non-uniform with height in complex structures, with large leaf area maximums and very low wind speeds. The ideal canopy flow concept can potentially serve many disciplines and efforts besides micrometeorology and diffusion research. If to serve no other purpose, it can be used to establish the initial formulation of a boundary condition or minor portion of a larger problem. The mathematical simplicity of the concept may be its most important quality when it is to be used as part of a larger system of equations.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Canopy Flows written by Günter Groß and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with the description of meteorological variables in forest canopies and its parameter variations, a numerical three-dimentional model is developed. Its applicability is demonstrated, first, by wind sheltering effects of hedges and, second, by the effects of deforestation on local climate in complex terrain. Scientists in ecology, agricultural botany and meteorology, but also urban and regional lanners will profit from this study finding the most effective solution for their specific problems.
Download or read book The Forest Atmosphere Interaction written by B.A. Hutchison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of meteorological phenomena upon forest produc tivity and forestry operations have been of concern for many years. With the evolution of system-level studies of forest eco system structure and function in the International Biological Program and elsewhere, more fundamental interactions between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere received scientific atten tion but the emphasis on meteorological and climatological effects on forest processes remained. More recently, as recogni tion has developed of potential and actual problems associated with the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of airborne pollutants, the effects of forest canopies upon boundary-layer meteorological phenomena has come under scientific scrutiny. Looking to the future, with rising atmospheric con centrations of C02 and increasing competition for the finite fresh-water resources of the earth, interest in the role of forests in global C02 and water balances can also be expected to intensify. Thus, the nature of forest canopy-atmosphere interac tions, that is to say, the meteorological phenomena occurring in and above forest canopies, are of importance to a wide variety of scientific and social-issues. Demands for forest meteorological information currently exceed levels of knowledge and given the economic constraints of science in general and environmental sciences in particular, chances for major improvements in scien tific support in the near future are slim. Unfortunately, studies of environmental phenomena in and above forests are costly and logistically difficult. Trees, the ecological dominants of forest ecosystems, are the largest of all terrestrial organisms.
Download or read book Environmental Design of Urban Buildings written by Mat Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of environmental and energy research with respect to urban building projects. It describes how to overcome related challenges in environmental design of urban buildings. The book discusses the passive and active environmental systems within building concepts.
Download or read book Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment written by M. Santamouris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index.
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production written by Howard M. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Meteorology written by David D. Houghton and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1985-04-22 with total page 1492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents, for the first time, an authoritative, comprehensive reference on meteorological knowledge and technology. Designed for professionals and technicians outside the meteorological profession, this broad-ranging book offers general guidelines for those who need information on the effects of weather, e.g., on heating requirements and structural strength. Discusses the importance of meteorology in engineering and science as well as its general importance in society.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 1366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Corn and Oak Vegetation on Cold Air Drainage written by Anita Stella DeVito and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wind in and Above a Dry evergreen Forest and the Boundary Layer Characteristics of the Monsoon in Thailand written by Joseph Zabransky and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Behaviour of Radioactive Contaminants in the Atmosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
