Download or read book Application of Radiation Transport Methods to Small Field Dosimetry in Heterogeneous Media written by Timothy David Solberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry written by Pedro Andreo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.
Download or read book Dosimetry at Extreme Non charged Particle Equilibrium Conditions Using Monte Carlo and Specialized Dosimeters written by Eyad Ali Alhakeem and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiotherapy is used in clinics to treat cancer with highly energetic ionizing particles. The radiation dose can be measured indirectly by means of radiation detectors or dosimeters. The dose deposited in a detector can be related to dose deposited in a point within the patient. In theory, however, this is only possible under charged particle equilibrium (CPE). The motivation behind the dissertation was driven by the difficult, yet crucial, dosimetry in non-CPE regions. Inaccurate dose assessment performed with standard dosimetry using ionization chambers may significantly impact the outcomes of radiotherapy treatments. Therefore, advanced dosimetry methods tailored specifically to suit non-CPE conditions must be used. This work aims to improve dosimetry in two types of non-CPE conditions that pose dosimetric challenges: regions near interfaces of tissues with low- and high- density media and in small photon fields. To achieve the main dissertation objectives, an enhanced film dosimetry protocol with a novel film calibration approach was implemented. This calibration method is based on the percent depth dose (PDD) tables and was shown to be efficient and accurate. As a result, the PDD calibration method was used for the film dosimetry process throughout the dissertation work. Monte Carlo (MC) calculations for the small field dosimetry were performed using phase-space files (PSFs) provided by Varian for TrueBeam linac. The MC statistical uncertainty in these types of calculations is limited by the number of particles (due to latent variance) in the used PSFs. This study investigated the behaviour of the latent variances (LV) with beam energy, depth in phantom, and calculation resolution (voxel size). LV was evaluated for standard 10x10 cm2 fields as well as small fields (down to 1.3 mm diameter). The results showed that in order to achieve sub-percent LV in open 10x10 cm2 field MC simulations a single PSF can be used, whereas for small SRS fields (1.3--10 mm) more PSFs (66--8 PSFs) would have to be summed. The first study in this dissertation compared the performance of several dosimetric methods in three multi-layer heterogeneous phantoms with water/air, water/lung, and water/steel interfaces irradiated with 6 and 18 MV photon beams. MC calculations were used, along with Acuros XB, anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA), GafChromic EBT2 film, and MOSkin dosimeters. PDDs were calculated and measured in these heterogeneous phantoms. The result of this study showed that Acuros XB, AAA, and MC calculations were within 1% in the regions with CPE. At media interfaces and buildup regions, differences between Acuros XB and MC were in the range of +4.4% to -12.8%. MOSkin and EBT2 measurements agreed to MC calculations within ~ 2.5%-4.5%. AAA did not predict the backscatter dose from the high-density heterogeneity. For the third, multilayer lung phantom, 6 MV beam PDDs calculated by all treatment planning system (TPS) algorithms were within 2% of MC. 18 MV PDDs calculated by Acuros XB and AAA differed from MC by up to 3.2 and 6.8%, respectively. MOSkin and EBT2 each differed from MC by up to 3%. All dosimetric techniques, except AAA, agreed within 3% in the regions with particle equilibrium. Differences between the dosimetric techniques were larger for the 18 MV than the 6 MV beam. This study provided a comparative performance evaluation of several advanced dosimeters in heterogeneous phantoms. This combination of experimental and calculation dosimetry techniques was used for the first time to evaluate the dose near these interfaces. The second study in the dissertation aims to improve dose measurement accuracy in small radiotherapy fields. Field output factors of 6 MV beams from TrueBeam linear accelerator (linac) collimated with 1.27-40 mm diameter cones were calculated and measured using MC and EBT3 films. A set of detector specific correction factors for two widely used dosimeters (EFD-3G diode and PTW-60019 microDiamond detectors) were determined based on GafChromic EBT3 film measurements and calculated using MC methods. MC calculations were performed for microDiamond detector in parallel and perpendicular orientations relative to the beam axis. The result of this study showed that the measured OFs agreed within 2.4% for fields ≥10 mm. For the cones of 1.27, 2.46, and 3.77 mm diameter maximum differences were 17.9%, 1.8% and 9.0%, respectively. MC calculated OF in water agreed with those obtained using EBT3 film within 2.2% for all fields. MC calculated output correction factors for microDiamond detector in fields ≥10 mm ranged within 0.975-1.020 for perpendicular and parallel orientations. MicroDiamond detector correction factors calculated for the 1.27, 2.46 and 3.77 mm fields were 1.974, 1.139 and 0.982 with detector in parallel orientation, and these factors were 1.150, 0.925 and 0.914 in perpendicular orientation. EBT3 and MC obtained correction factors agreed within 3.7% for fields of ≥3.77 mm and within 5.9% for smaller cones. This work provided output correction factors for microDiamond and EFD-3G detectors in very small fields of 1.27 - 3.77 mm diameter and demonstrated over and under-response of these detectors in such fields. These correction factors allow improve the accuracy of dose measurements in small photon fields using these detectors.
Download or read book Small Field Dosimetry written by Gavin Cranmer-Sargison and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Oncology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology.
Download or read book Tissue Inhomogeneity Corrections for Megalovoltage Photon Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Minimally Invasive Method for Stereotactic Irradiation of the Spine written by Paul Marshall Medin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proton Therapy Physics written by Harald Paganetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Medical Physics written by Muhammad Maqbool and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-11 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with the basic terms and definitions and takes a student, step by step, through all areas of medical physics. The book covers radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, dosimetry, radiation shielding, and nuclear medicine, all at a level suitable for undergraduates. This title not only describes the basics concepts of the field, but also emphasizes numerical and mathematical problems and examples. Students will find An Introduction to Medical Physics to be an indispensible resource in preparations for further graduate studies in the field.
Download or read book Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy written by Stanley H. Benedict and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally known experts in the field, Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy examines one of the fastest-developing subspecialties within radiation oncology. These procedures deliver large doses of radiation in one to five sessions to a precisely determined target. Often these techniques have proven to be
Download or read book Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy written by Simon S. Lo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
Download or read book Scintillation Dosimetry written by Sam Beddar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scintillation Dosimetry delivers a comprehensive introduction to plastic scintillation dosimetry, covering everything from basic radiation dosimetry concepts to plastic scintillating fiber optics. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts in the medical physics community, the book: Discusses a broad range of technical implementations, from point source dosimetry scaling to 3D-volumetric and 4D-scintillation dosimetry Addresses a wide scope of clinical applications, from machine quality assurance to small-field and in vivo dosimetry Examines related optical techniques, such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) or Čerenkov luminescence Thus, Scintillation Dosimetry provides an authoritative reference for detailed, state-of-the-art information on plastic scintillation dosimetry and its use in the field of radiation dosimetry.
Download or read book Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry written by Frank Herbert Attix and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straightforward presentation of the broad concepts underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduate-level student. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged particles with matter, radiotherapy dosimetry, as well as photographic, calorimetric, chemical, and thermoluminescence dosimetry. Includes many new derivations, such as Kramers X-ray spectrum, as well as topics that have not been thoroughly analyzed in other texts, such as broad-beam attenuation and geometrics, and the reciprocity theorem. Subjects are layed out in a logical sequence, making the topics easier for students to follow. Supplemented with numerous diagrams and tables.
Download or read book Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics written by P Mayles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From background physics and biological models to the latest imaging and treatment modalities, the Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics: Theory and Practice covers all theoretical and practical aspects of radiotherapy physics. In this comprehensive reference, each part focuses on a major area of radiotherapy, beginning with an introduction by the
Download or read book A Photon Phase Space Source Model Incorporating Efficient Sampling Algorithms for Clinical Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Using the Monte Carlo Method written by Indrin Chetty and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
