Download or read book Application of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Investigation of Water Content in the Brain written by Zaheer Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Brain written by Paul Tofts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2004 BMA Medical Book Competition Winner (Radiology category) “This is an exciting book, with a new approach to use of the MRI scanner. It bridges the gap between clinical research and general neuro-radiological practice. It is accessible to the clinical radiologist, and yet thorough in its treatment of the underlying physics and of the science of measurement. It is likely to become a classic.” British Medical Association This indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR is essential for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative methods to measure the effects of neurological disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. It contains both the methodology and clinical applications, reflecting the increasing interest in quantitative MR in studying disease and its progression. The editor is an MR scientist with an international reputation for high quality research The contributions are written jointly by MR physicists and MR clinicians, producing a practical book for both the research and medical communities A practical book for both the research and medical communities “Paul Tofts has succeeded brilliantly in capturing the essence of what needs to become the future of radiology in particular, and medicine in general – quantitative measurements of disease.” Robert I. Grossman, M.D. New York, University School of Medicine (from the Foreword)

Download or read book I n V i v o Brain Water Content Measurement with Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Jeunn-Shenn Lee and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Brain written by Mara Cercignani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of the first edition of this book, the winner of the 2004 British Medical Association Radiology Medical Book Competition, Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Principles of Physical Measurement gives a unique view on how to use an MRI machine in a new way. Used as a scientific instrument it can make measurements of a myriad of physical and biological quantities in the human brain and body. For each small tissue voxel, non-invasive information monitors how tissue changes with disease and responds to treatment. The book opens with a detailed exposition of the principles of good practice in quantification, including fundamental concepts, quality assurance, MR data collection and analysis and improved study statistical power through minimised instrumental variation. There follow chapters on 14 specific groups of quantities: proton density, T1, T2, T2*, diffusion, advanced diffusion, magnetisation transfer, CEST, 1H and multi-nuclear spectroscopy, DCE-MRI, quantitative fMRI, arterial spin-labelling and image analysis, and finally a chapter on the future of quantification. The physical principles behind each quantity are stated, followed by its biological significance. Practical techniques for measurement are given, along with pitfalls and examples of clinical applications. This second edition of this indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR shows the MRI physicist and research clinician how to implement these techniques on an MRI scanner to understand more about the biological processes in the patient and physiological changes in healthy controls. Although focussed on the brain, most techniques are applicable to characterising tissue in the whole body. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative MRI methods to measure the effects of disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. Features: The first edition was awarded the book prize for Radiology by the British Medical Association in 2004 Written by an authority in the field: Professor Tofts has an international reputation for quantification in MRI Gives specific ‘how to’ information for implementation of MRI measurement sequence techniques

Download or read book Water in Foods and Biological Materials written by R. Roger Ruan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-18 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first book on nuclear magnetic resonance study of water in food and biological materials. The authors present the methodology, research, and development results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of water in foods and biological materials using NMR and MRI. This book provides the latest NMR and MRI techniques for those researchers who have an interest in relationships between water and: * chemical reactivity * microbial activity * physiochemical properties and changes * structural properties and changes in foods and biological materials In addition, the authors emphasize experimental techniques and data interpretation skills for the study of mobility of water and its role in processing and storage of foods and biological materials. Authors Ruan and Chen explain how the "state of water" concept will greatly add to the reader's understanding of the role of water in chemical, physical and microbial changes occurring in foods and biological materials. Understanding the relationships between water and chemical reactivity, microbial activity, and physiochemical and structural properties and changes in foods is an important key to effective food R&D, as well as quality control in processing and storage. This book provides advanced information on these relationships using the tools of NMR and MRI. Emphasis is placed on experimental techniques and data interpretation skills for the study of mobility of water and its role in processing and storage of foods. Many new techniques and applications are examined. More than 140 schematics, images and graphs illustrate NMR/MRI principles, techniques, applications and results.

Download or read book Quantitative Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain written by Nathan S. White and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to its exquisitely sensitive contrast mechanism, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful non-invasive approach for studying the microstructural properties of the human brain in vivo. Magnetic resonance images are made sensitive to the microscopic displacements of water molecules that take place in brain tissue as part of the natural, physical diffusion process. Tissue water is used as an intrinsic probe, revealing important clues into the subtle architectural features of normal and pathologic brain tissue. Typical inferences include the intravoxel orientation distribution of neuronal fibers and changes in diffusion resulting from cell swelling in acute stroke. However, despite the many important advances made in the field of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging over the past decade, quantitative inference in the human brain remains somewhat limited due to the lack of direct quantitative validation against realistic biological architectures and practical limitations in data collection due to sub-optimal design parameters and artifacts caused by patient motion during scanning. In addition, current methods to resolve neuronal fiber orientations are unable to disambiguate fiber structures at different microscopic length (size) scales. In this dissertation I present a series of studies addressing each of these important limitations, starting with a general real-time image-based technique for motion correction in magnetic resonance images and ending with a series of studies on inferring complex fiber orientations from diffusion data, addressing issues such as quantitative histological validation, optimal acquisition, and improved multi-scale analysis.

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging in Neurochemistry written by Herman Bachelard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Neurochemistry series was initiated for a readership of neuroscientists with a background in biochemistry. True to this concept, the present volume brings together various applications of magnetic resonance technology to advance our knowledge of how the nervous system functions. Whether at the cellular, tissue slice, or intact organism level. magnetic resonance techniques are by their nature noninvasive, and thus provide a window through which biochemical reactions can be viewed without grinding, binding, or other wise perturbing ongoing physiological processes. As technological improve ments in methodology, such as higher and more uniform magnetic fields, novel paradigms for data analysis, etc. , are made, we find increased sensitivity and improved temporal and spatial resolution for functional imaging techniques on the one hand, and better separation of signals that identify chemical properties in spectral shift studies, on the other. It is upon knowledge such as is described in the twelve chapters that follow, that further advances in scientific discovery and the biomedical applications of tomorrow will be based. We are grateful to Dr. Bachelard, the Volume Editor, and to the authors of the individual chapters for their efforts. We also note that with this volume Dr. Morris Aprison, a co-founder of the Advances in Neurochemistry series has stepped down and acknowledge with thanks his major role in its inception. In addition, we thank our past and present Advisory Editors. Bernard W. Agranoff Kunihiko Suzuki Series Editors ix CONTENTS LIST OF SYMBOLS AND GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book Investigation of Brain Tissue Water NMR Response by Optimised Quantitative Single voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Abdul Nashirudeen Mumuni and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantum Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics of Human Brain Disorders written by Madan M Kaila and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-21 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used to visualize detailed internal structure of the body. This book discusses the recent developments in the field of MRI and its application to the diagnosis of human brain disorders. In addition, it reviews the newly emerging concepts and technology, based on the multi-coherence imaging (MQCI). It explains how computer packages can be used to generate images in diseased states and compare them to in vivo results. This will help improve the diagnosis of brain disorders based on the real-time events happening on atomic and molecular quantum levels. This is important since quantum-based MRI would enable clinicians to detect brain tumors at the very early stages. Uses practical examples to explain the techniques - making it easier to understand the concepts Uses diagrams to explain the physics behind the technique - avoiding the use of complicated mathematical formulae

Download or read book Intravoxel Incoherent Motion IVIM MRI written by Denis Le Bihan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) refers to translational movements which within a given voxel and during the measurement time present a distribution of speeds in orientation and/or amplitude. The concept was introduced in 1986 together with the foundation of diffusion MRI because it had been realized that flow of blood in capillaries (perfusion) would mimic a diffusion process and impact diffusion MRI measurements. IVIM-based perfusion MRI, which does not require injection of any tracer or contrast agent, has been first investigated in the brain, but is now experiencing a remarkable revival for applications throughout the body, especially for oncologic applications, from diagnosis to treatment monitoring. This book addresses a number of highly topical aspects of the field from leading authorities, introducing the concepts behind IVIM MRI, outlining related methodological issues, and summarizing its current usage and potential for clinical applications. It also presents future research directions, both in terms of methodological development and clinical application fields, extending to new, non-perfusion applications of IVIM MRI, such as virtual MR elastography.

Download or read book Quantitative MRI in Patients with Mental Disorders a Study Using Multi parametric Mapping written by Mario Wallner and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental disorders are more common in the population now than in previous centuries. Theinterest in establishing the reason and the biological changes involved has thereforebecome more important than ever. Research has identified changes along the microscopictissue in the brains normal ageing and for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsonsand Alzheimers. This thesis argues that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI),especially multi-parametric mapping, might be useful as a biomarker for detectingphysiological changes in the brain in patients with schizophrenia or affective or neuroticdisorders and thus finding differences in iron, myelin, and free water content in microscopictissue. qMRI parameters such as R2*, R1, PD and MT are measured and analysed if certainbrain regions reveal a significant difference in the microscopic tissue levels among thedifferent mental disorders. An analysis of 50 healthy control probands and 75 patients withmental disorders indicates that qMRI leads to significant differences among the disorders,although no general pattern occurs. Nevertheless, qMRI cannot be considered a biomarkerfor detecting mental disorders. The results have important implications for future researchon qMRI and its function as a biomarker.*****Mental disorders are more common in the population now than in previous centuries. Theinterest in establishing the reason and the biological changes involved has thereforebecome more important than ever. Research has identified changes along the microscopictissue in the brains normal ageing and for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsonsand Alzheimers. This thesis argues that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI),especially multi-parametric mapping, might be useful as a biomarker for detectingphysiological changes in the brain in patients with schizophrenia or affective or neuroticdisorders and thus finding differences in iron, myelin, and free water content in microscopictissue. qMRI parameters such

Download or read book An Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain written by Ivan Moseley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-09-04 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helpfully concise in nature, this introduction to the subject provides the reader with an overview of the continually advancing technology and its clinical application. Part 1 focuses on the use of MRI in the investigation of brain abnormalities and disorders, while part 2 covers clinical imaging of intracranial pathology. All areas are copiously illustrated - there are over 200 high quality images altogether. The emphasis throughout is on conditions where MRI makes an important contribution to clinical management, and recently developed techniques are also included where they are likely to have an increasingly significant role in this regard. An index is provided to help the reader find their way around the text, and a further reading list is also included for those who want to study the subject in more depth.

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Brain Networks written by Shi Cheng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Brain Networks" by Shi, Cheng, 程实, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Brain operates on a network level. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides structural and functional images noninvasively with large field of view and at high spatial resolution and thus assumes an extremely valuable role in studying brain networks. The objectives of this doctoral work were to develop and apply novel MRI methods on human and rodent brains, for in vivo and global assessments of functional brain networks at resting and task-evoked states. Firstly, the feasibility of passband balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging for distortion-free and high-resolution resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) was investigated. Resting-state networks (RSNs) derived from bSSFP images were shown spatially and spectrally comparable to those derived from conventional gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) with considerable intra- and inter-subject reproducibility. High-resolution bSSFP corresponded well to the anatomical images, with RSNs exquisitely co-localized to gray matter. Furthermore, RSNs at areas of severe susceptibility were proved accessible including human anterior prefrontal cortex and rat piriform cortex. These findings demonstrated for the first time that passband bSSFP approach can be a promising alternative to GE-EPI for rsfMRI. It offers distortion-free and high-resolution RSNs and is potentially suited for high field studies. Secondly, to examine the macrovascular contributions to the spatial and spectral prosperities of resting-state networks, spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) with moderate diffusion weighting (DW) was proposed for rsfMRI. SE and DW suppressed the extravascular and intravascular contributions from macrovessels respectively. Significantly lower functional connectivity strength was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex of the default mode network derived from DW SE-EPI data comparing to that derived from SE-EPI, suggesting a confounding role played by the intravascular component from large veins, whereas no significant spectral difference was detected. Therefore, the DW SEEPI approach for rsfMRI may assist in better identifying and interpreting largescale brain networks with future improvement in temporal resolution by acceleration techniques and in sensitivity at higher field. Thirdly, rsfMRI was performed to evaluate the intrinsic functional networks in the corresponding anatomical visual brain connections traced by Mn-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). Strengths of resting-state functional connectivity appeared to couple with structural connectivity in MEMRI, demonstrating the sensitivity of these structural and functional connectivity MRI techniques for assessing the neuroarchitecture, neurophysiology and structural-functional relationships in the visual brain in vivo. Fourthly, the hypothesis that a regional activation identified via general linear model analysis of fMRI data reflects the summation of multiple distinct networks that carry different functional purposes was tested. Overlapping frontoparietal networks engaged in a simple single-digit multiplication task were found and their functional roles were evaluated through independent components analysis and contributive source analysis. Future studies incorporating different arithmetic tasks and resting state will shed more light upon how brain accomplishes arithmetic and more complex tasks in general. Lastly, benefiting from higher SNR, better spatial and temporal resolution at higher fiel

Download or read book Investigation of Brain Pathology Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Archana Chaudhari and published by Independent Author. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigation of Brain Pathology using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important area of research in neuroscience and clinical medicine. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain, allowing researchers and clinicians to study the structure and function of the brain in living subjects. MRI has revolutionized our understanding of brain pathology by allowing us to visualize the brain in exquisite detail. It can detect a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and brain tumors. MRI is also useful in identifying structural abnormalities in the brain, such as cysts, lesions, and malformations. In addition to structural imaging, MRI can be used for functional imaging, which provides information about brain activity. Functional MRI (fMRI) is a specialized type of MRI that detects changes in blood flow in the brain, which is an indirect measure of neural activity. fMRI has been used to study cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, and emotion, as well as to investigate the effects of drugs and other interventions on brain function. Overall, investigation of brain pathology using MRI is a critical tool in both basic research and clinical practice. By providing a non-invasive, detailed view of the brain, MRI has revolutionized our understanding of brain pathology and opened new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Download or read book Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study Brain Pathology and Function written by Jelena Lazovic and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integration of Multimodal Imaging Data for Investigation of Brain Development written by Sofya Kulikova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a fundamental tool for in vivo investigation of brain development in newborns, infants and children. It provides several quantitative parameters that reflect changes in tissue properties during development depending on different undergoing maturational processes. However, reliable evaluation of the white matter maturation is still an open question: on one side, none of these parameters can describe the whole complexity of the undergoing changes; on the other side, neither of them is specific to any particular developmental process or tissue property. Developing multiparametric approaches combining complementary information from different MRI parameters is expected to improve our understanding of brain development. In this PhD work, I present two examples of such approaches and demonstrate their relevancy for investigation of maturation across different white matter bundles. The first approach provides a global measure of maturation based on the Mahalanobis distance calculated from different MRI parameters (relaxation times T1 and T2, longitudinal and transverse diffusivities from Diffusion Tensor Imaging, DTI) in infants (3-21 weeks) and adults. This approach provides a better description of the asynchronous maturation across the bundles than univariate approaches. Furthermore, it allows estimating the relative maturational delays between the bundles. The second approach aims at quantifying myelination of brain tissues by calculating Myelin Water Fraction (MWF) in each image voxel. This approach is based on a 3-component tissue model, with each model component having specific relaxation characteristics that were pre-calibrated in three healthy adult subjects. This approach allows fast computing of the MWF maps from infant data and could reveal progression of the brain myelination. The robustness of this approach was further investigated using computer simulations. Another important issue for studying white matter development in children is bundles identification. In the last part of this work I also describe creation of a preliminary atlas of white matter structural connectivity in children aged 17-81 months. This atlas allows automatic extraction of the bundles from tractography datasets. This approach demonstrated its relevance for evaluation of regional maturation of normal white matter in children. Finally, in the last part of the manuscript I describe potential future applications of the previously developed methods to investigation of the white matter in cases of two specific pathologies: focal epilepsy and metachromatic leukodystrophy.