Download or read book Application of ICP MS and Isotopic Techniques in Resolving Nuclear Forensic Signatures in Uranium Mining and Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear forensic -- lanthanides or REE -- National nuclear forensic library (NNFL) 0́3 Signatures -- U-Pb Isochrons.

Download or read book Applications of ICP MS and Isotopic Techniques in Resolving Nuclear Forensic Signatures in Cobalt Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications -- ICP-MS -- Sotopic techniques -- Nuclear forensic -- Cobalt processing.

Download or read book Identification of High Confidence Nuclear Forensics Signatures written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of a Coordinated Research Project and related research on the identification of high confidence nuclear forensic isotopic...provides information on signatures that can help identify the origin and history of nuclear and other radioactive material encountered out of regulatory control.

Download or read book Nuclear Forensic Analysis written by Kenton J. Moody and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, Nuclear Forensic Analysis provides a multidisciplinary reference for forensic scientists, analytical and nuclear chemists, and nuclear physicists in one convenient source. The authors focus particularly on the chemical, physical, and nuclear aspects associated with the production or interrogation of a radioactive sample.

Download or read book Improving the Utility of LA ICP MS for Isotope Ratio Analyses of Single Particles with Application to Uranium Oxide written by Grant Craig and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of the isotopic composition of single uranium oxide particles, size 0.3-2 m, for nuclear safeguards is current performed by either thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) or Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), a well-established analytical technique for determining the isotopic composition of solid materials, has the potential to be another method by which single uranium oxide particles can be analysed, complementing established protocol, but requires optimisation. In this study the ability of LA-ICP-MS to determine the isotopic composition, principally 234U/238U, 235U/238U and 236U/238U, of glass reference materials and sub-micron uranium oxide particles is investigated. To achieve the best detection efficiency a prototype high-speed ablation cell and injector design, designed previously at Loughborough University, was coupled to a high efficiency multi collector (MC- ) ICP-MS. As a result an increase in signal-to-noise ratio and a measured detection efficiency of 5-7% was achieved for a LA-MC-ICP-MS system. The capability of the LA-MC-ICP-MS system, for the determination of the uranium isotopic composition of single particles was compared to a more established low-volume ablation cell. A source of additional uncertainty, blind time arising from incompatibilities with the mixed detector array of the MC-ICP-MS was identified. The impact of the additional uncertainty on isotope ratio analysis was modeled and a method developed to filter out affected data. LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS were used to successfully determine the uranium isotopic compositions of sub-micron uranium oxide particles, of a known certified composition. A sample planchet containing particles of two distinct isotopic compositions was resolved. The utility of three data evaluation strategies to determine the isotopic composition of single uranium oxide particles was investigated. The necessity and advantages of calculating isotope ratios using the geometric mean is demonstrated, which has application for isotope ratio analysis performed on all forms of mass spectrometry. A novel approach to prepare particulate samples for laser ablation analysis, cytocentrifugation, is described. By using as the solvent, a mixture of nail polish and acetone, dispersed particles are held in a strong film layer thin enough to allow embedded particles to be imaged by SEM-EDX. A sample of uranium oxide particles in an environmental matrix prepared using cytocentrifugation is analysed by LA-MC-ICP-MS and their isotopic composition resolved.

Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-07 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, constitute an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes.Users will find the latest advances in the applications of radioactivity analysis across various fields, including environmental monitoring, radiochemical standardization, high-resolution beta imaging, automated radiochemical separation, nuclear forensics, and more. Spans two volumes, Radiation Physics and Detectors and Radioanalytical Applications Includes a new chapter on the analysis of environmental radionuclides Provides the latest advances in the applications of liquid and solid scintillation analysis, alpha- and gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometric analysis, Cherenkov counting, flow-cell radionuclide analysis, radionuclide standardization, aerosol analysis, high-resolution beta imaging techniques, analytical techniques in nuclear forensics, and nuclear safeguards Describes the timesaving techniques of computer-controlled automatic separation and activity analysis of radionuclides Provides an extensive table of the radiation characteristics of most radionuclides of interest for the radioanalytical chemist

Download or read book The New Nuclear Forensics written by Vitaly Fedchenko and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.

Download or read book Improved Sample Utilization in Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry Isotope Ratio Measurements written by Matthew Louis Baruzzini and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precise and accurate determination of isotopic composition in nuclear forensic samples is vital for assessing origin, intended use and process history. Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is widely accepted as the gold standard for high performance isotopic measurements and has long served as the workhorse in the isotopic ratio determination of nuclear materials. Nuclear forensic and safeguard specialists have relied heavily on such methods for both routine and atypical efforts. Despite widespread use, TIMS methods for the assay of actinide systems continue to be hindered by poor ionization efficiency, often less than tenths of a percent; the majority of a sample is not measured. This represents a growing challenge in addressing next-generation nuclear detection needs by limiting the ability to analyze ultra-trace quantities of high priority elements that could potentially provide critical nuclear forensic signatures. Porous ion emitter (PIE) thermal ion sources were developed in response to the growing need for new TIMS ion source technologies. By simultaneously incorporating multiple, previously developed strategies for improved ionization efficiency, PIEs have proven to be simple to implement, straightforward approach to boosting ion yield. This work serves to expand the use of PIE techniques for the analysis of trace quantities of plutonium and americium. PIEs exhibited superior plutonium and americium ion yields when compared to direct filament loading and the resin bead technique, one of the most efficient methods for actinide analysis, at similar mass loading levels. Initial attempts at altering PIE composition for the analysis of plutonium proved to enhance sample utilization even further. Preliminary investigations of the instrumental fractionation behavior of plutonium and uranium analyzed via PIE methods were conducted. Data collected during these initial trial indicate that PIEs fractionate in a consistent, reproducible manner; a necessity for high precision isotope ratio measurements. Ultimately, PIEs methods were applied for the age determination of various uranium isotopic standards. PIEs did not exhibit significant advantages for the determination of model ages when compared to traditional filaments; however, this trial was able to provide valuable insight for guiding future investigations.

Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.

Download or read book Method Development Using ICP MS and LA ICP MS and Their Application in Environmental and Material Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within this PhD thesis several methods were developed and validated which can find applicationare suitable for environmental sample and material science and should be applicable for monitoring of particular radionuclides and the analysis of the chemical composition of construction materials in the frame of ESS project. The study demonstrated that ICP-MS is a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive determination of 129I, 90Sr and lanthanides in both artificial and environmental samples such as water and soil. In particular ICP-MS with collision cell allows measuring extremely low isotope ratios of iodine. It was demonstrated that isotope ratios of 129I/127I as low as 10-7 can be measured with an accuracy and precision suitable for distinguishing sample origins. ICP-MS with collision cell, in particular in combination with cool plasma conditions, reduces the influence of isobaric interferences on m/z = 90 and is therefore well-suited for 90Sr analysis in water samples. However, the applied ICP-CC-QMS in this work is limited for the measurement of 90Sr due to the tailing of 88Sr+ and in particular Daly detector noise. Hyphenation of capillary electrophoresis with ICP-MS was shown to resolve atomic ions of all lanthanides and polyatomic interferences. The elimination of polyatomic and isobaric ICP-MS interferences was accomplished without compromising the sensitivity by the use of a high resolution mode as available on ICP-SFMS. Combination of laser ablation with ICP-MS allowed direct micro and local uranium isotope ratio measurements at the ultratrace concentrations on the surface of biological samples. In particular, the application of a cooled laser ablation chamber improves the precision and accuracy of uranium isotopic ratios measurements in comparison to the non-cooled laser ablation chamber by up to one order of magnitude. In order to reduce the quantification problem, a mono gas on-line solution-based calibration was built based on the insertion of a mi.

Download or read book Guidelines for Radioelement Mapping Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry Data written by International Atomic Energy Agency. Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.

Download or read book Short Course on St 02 Applications of Isotope Dilutions and Isotopic Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This short course includes information on these topics and subtopics: (I) Nuclear Properties: (A) Historic roots; (B) Nomenclature; (C) Nuclear Stability and abundance; (D) Uses of isotopic techniques; (II) Instrumentation: (A) Sources; (B) Mass resolving elements; (C) Detectors; (III) Making Isotopic Measurements by ICP-MS: (A) Deadtime Correction; (B) Mass Discrimination; (C) Signal /Noise considerations; (IV) Applications and examples: (A) Isotope dilution; (B) Double Spike; (C) Biological Application; (D) Environmental Application; (E) Geological.

Download or read book Chemical Signatures for Unknown and Interdicted Samples in the Environment for Nuclear Forensic Analysis written by Chad Durrant and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irradiation of materials may produce unique signatures that can be measured and identified through the various types of radiation particles emitted from the materials. The emitted particles may be characteristic to specific radioisotopes thereby allowing the identification and characterization of the irradiated material. The characterization of a potentially radioactive material and then determining its origin is useful in diverse applications including nuclear forensics samples. This thesis investigates problems associated with two areas, improving the understanding of radionuclide transport in the environment and improving the speed with which samples can be chemically separated. Both topics are relevant to increasing the ability to apply nuclear forensics techniques to unknown samples in the environment.Understanding sorption and desorption processes is essential to predicting the mobility of radionuclides in the environment. Typically, such sorption reactions are studied in single mineral binary systems. This work investigates adsorption/desorption of cesium (Cs) in both binary and two-mineral ternary systems in order to study component additivity, desorption kinetics and sorption reversibility in the presence of two competing minerals. First, binary Cs sorption experiments were performed with the clay minerals, illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite, in a NaHCO3 solution over a Cs concentration range of 10-3 to 10-11 M to quantify the non-linear (illite) and linear (kaolinite and montmorillonite) sorption behavior. The binary sorption experiments were followed by desorption experiments to test for sorption reversibility. Cesium exhibits partial irreversible sorption to illite whereas Cs sorption to kaolinite and montmorillonite is reversible. In the ternary experiments, Cs was separately sorbed to illite,ivmontmorillonite or kaolinite for ~14 days, and then Cs-free illite was place inside a dialysis bag (Float-a-lyzer) inside the beaker with the pre-sorbed clays to induce desorption of the originally adsorbed Cs. Results from these ternary experiments show significantly greater Cs desorption compared to the binary desorption experiments. The ternary experiments confirm batch desorption findings of irreversible sorption of some Cs to illite and reversible sorption of Cs to kaolinite and montmorillonite.Plutonium (Pu), which has significantly more complex aqueous chemistry than Cs, is another radionuclide of chief concern in environmental contamination and transport scenarios. The dialysis bag experimental setup and procedure, which was designed and tested in the Cs experiments, was then applied to experiments using Pu to investigate the sorption and long-term desorption behavior of Pu in the presence of two minerals. These experiments were specifically designed to look at the long-term (7 months) reversibility of Pu sorption to montmorillonite in the presence of goethite, both common minerals in a variety of geologic environments. The distribution coefficient, Kd, of Pu sorption to montmorillonite continued to increase over the duration of the experiment, indicating that equilibrium in a ternary system is a long process occurring over several months to years. Results suggest that Pu on montmorillonite is reversible at pH 8, with up to 14 percent of the Pu desorbing from the montmorillonite and sorbing to the goethite. This would suggest that goethite may be the more important mineral influencing long-term colloid-facilitated transport of Pu.Additional studies were undertaken to explore the development and testing of an automated chemical separation system for post-detonation nuclear forensic related samples. The development of this chemical separation system entailed identifying avsuitable chemical separation sequence to sequentially separate eight elements; europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), neptunium (Np), plutonium (Pu), promethium (Pm), terbium (Tb), uranium (U), and zirconium (Zr), elements that may be of interest for post-detonation nuclear forensic analysis. A likely post-detonation situation could be in an urban environment where many samples could have a significant cement matrix associated with the sample. The chemical separation scheme would need to account for this given matrix and the large mass of associated material. To this end, batch sorption and separation experiments were conducted to examine the sorption behavior of Pu and U on AG 1x8 resin in varying concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and dissolved cement. These batch experiments were used to determine possible interferences or adverse separation effects that may result from a high concentration cement matrix. Similar batch sorption experiments with varying acid and cement concentrations were also conducted with Eu and Eichroms LN and TRU resins in order to determine possible adverse consequences as a result of interferences caused by the cement.The hardware for the separation system consisted of several pumps, valves, ion-exchange columns, and a fraction collector. A software program written in LabVIEW was developed to control the hardware. A test separation experiment was conducted with uranium (U), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn) isotopes to troubleshoot and test the ability of the system to sequentially separate elements. The trial run successfully separated the elements; however, several changes were made afterwards including the addition of an injection loop, a fraction collector, and changing the tubing such that eluents flowed through a more chemically inert material that was less susceptible to corrosion.viAfter developing the chemical separation scheme and system design was finished, it was tested with five surrogate samples. The purpose of using the automated chemical separation system was to shorten the time necessary to effectively separate the eight elements of interest. The total run-time for the system was 160 minutes including sample injection, sequential separation, and wash/regeneration steps. Four of the samples had a known composition, including one that had a cement-like matrix. The elemental fractions recovered were consistent across each sample including the cement-like sample. This consistency is indicative of the robustness of the system and its ability to handle even samples with significant background mass. The final sample was of unknown composition and used to demonstrate the ability of the automated chemical separation system to sequentially separate the elements of interest and accurately determine the initial sample composition. This automated chemical separation system was a proof of concept that the eight specified elements could successfully be separated using automation and used to determine the composition of an unknown sample. Actinide recoveries were around 90% and lanthanide recoveries were around 30%.

Download or read book Radioactive Particles in the Environment written by Deborah Oughton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive particles have been released to the environment from a number of sources, including nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and discharges from nuclear installations. Particle characteristics influence the mobility, biological uptake and effects of radionuclides, hence information on these characteristics is essential for assessing environmental impact and risks. This publication presents a series of papers covering sources and source term characterisation, methodologies for characterizing particles, and the impact of particles on the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment. Sources covered include the Chernobyl accident, nuclear weapons accidents at Thule and Palomares accident, the discharges from Dounreay and Krashnoyarsk, and depleted uranium in Kosovo and Kuwait. The overall aim is that an increased understanding of particle characteristics and behavior will help to reduce some of the uncertainties in environmental impact and risk assessment for particle contaminated areas.

Download or read book Principles of Statistics written by M. G. Bulmer and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise description of classical statistics, from basic dice probabilities to modern regression analysis. Equal stress on theory and applications. Moderate difficulty; only basic calculus required. Includes problems with answers.

Download or read book Unique Applications of Solvent Removal in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the technique of choice for rapid, high precision, semiquantitative elemental and isotopic analysis for over 70 elements. Less than 20 years after the first mass spectrum was obtained by ICP-MS, this technique has applications in clinical chemistry, geochemistry, the semiconductor industry, the nuclear industry, environmental chemistry, and forensic chemistry. The determination of many elements, though, by ICP-MS is complicated by spectral interferences from background species, interelement spectral overlaps, and polyatomic ions of matrix elements. The emphasis of this thesis is the unique applications of solvent removal using cryogenic and membrane desolvation. Chapter 1 is a general introduction providing background information concerning the need for these methods and some information about the methods themselves. Chapter 5 discusses general conclusions and general observations pertaining to this work. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 have been processed separately for inclusion on the database. Chapter 2 describes a method to screen urine samples for vanadium using cryogenic desolvation. Chapter 3 compares solvent removal by cryogenic and membrane desolvation. Chapter 4 describes the use of cool plasma conditions for the determination of potassium in the presence of excess sodium by ICP-MS.