Download or read book Apoptosis and Craniofacial Dysmorphology in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Katherine A. Kragtorp and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics and Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders written by Feng C. Zhou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which may feature variable neurodevelopmental deficits, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disabilities. Research suggests the human brain is precisely formed through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is carefully orchestrated by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetic elements of FASD are heavily intertwined and highly dependent on one another. As such, now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic components of alcohol research into a centralized, accessible platform for discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets which may be vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure indeed alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative genomic mapping has revealed loci (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotypes identified between two alcohol-drinking mouse strains. One question to consider is (besides the role of dose and stage of alcohol exposure) why only 5% of drinking women deliver newborns diagnosed with FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)? Studies are ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms modify genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic yet orchestrated in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincidental with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through the alteration of DNA methylation at its regulatory region. In this manner, the epigenetic and genetic components of FASD are revealing themselves to be mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed across generations? Early epidemiological studies have revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutations. These studies predict the heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations. We opened a forum to researchers and investigators the field of FASD to discuss their insights, hypotheses, fresh data, past research, and future research themes embedded in this rising field of the genetics and epigenetics of FASD. This eBook is a product of the collective sharing and debate among researchers who have contributed or reviewed each subject.
Download or read book Perspectives and Recent Advances in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Research written by Hermes H. Yeh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Leading to Similar Phenotypes in Down and Fetal Alcohol Syndromes written by Jeffrey Peter Solzak and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Down syndrome (DS) and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) are two leading causes of birth defects with phenotypes ranging from cognitive impairment to craniofacial abnormalities. While DS originates from the trisomy of human chromosome 21 and FAS from prenatal alcohol consumption, many of the defining characteristics for these two disorders are stunningly similar. A survey of the literature revealed over 20 similar craniofacial and structural deficits in both human and mouse models of DS and FAS. We hypothesized that the similar phenotypes observed are caused by disruptions in common molecular or cellular pathways during development. To test our hypothesis, we examined morphometric, genetic, and cellular phenotypes during development of our DS and FAS mouse models at embryonic days 9.5-10.5. Our preliminary evidence indicates that during early development, dysregulation of Dyrk1a and Rcan1, cardinal genes affecting craniofacial and neurological precursors of DS, are also dysregulated in embryonic FAS models. Furthermore, Caspase 3 was also found to have similar expression in DS and FAS craniofacial neural crest derived tissues such as the first branchial arch A1) and regions of the brain. This may explain a developmental deficit by means of apoptosis. We have also investigated the expression of pAkt, a protein shown to be affected in FAS models, in cells located within the craniofacial precursor of Ts65Dn. Recent research shows that Ttc3, a gene that is triplicated and shown to be overexpressed in the BA1 and neural tube of Ts65Dn, targets pAkt in the nucleus affecting important transcription factors regulating cell cycle and cell survival. While Akt has been shown to play a role in neuronal development, we hypothesize that it also affects similar cellular properties in craniofacial precursors during development. By comparing common genotypes and phenotypes of DS and FAS we may provide common mechanisms to target for potential treatments of both disorders. One of the least understood phenotypes of DS is their deficient immune system. Many individuals with DS have varying serious illnesses ranging from coeliac disease to respiratory infections that are a direct result of this immunodeficiency. Proteasomes are an integral part of a competent and efficient immune system. It has been observed that mice lacking immunoproteasomes present deficiencies in providing MHC class I peptides, proteins essential in identifying infections. A gene, Psmg1 (Dscr2), triplicated in both humans and in Ts65Dn mice, is known to act as a proteasome assembly chaperone for the 20S proteasome. We hypothesized that a dysregulation in this gene promotes a proteasome assembly aberration, impacting the efficiency of the DS immune system. To test this hypothesis we performed western blot analysis on specific precursor and processed �ø-subunits of the 20S proteasome in thymic tissue of adult Ts65Dn. While the �ø-subunits tested displayed no significant differences between trisomic and euploid mice we have provided further insight to the origins of immunodeficiency in DS.
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Hans-Ludwig Spohr and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder written by Albert E. Chudley and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides current state-of-the-art methods for screening, diagnosis, management, and prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (and FASD). Chapters detail animal models, mechanism of ethanol teratogenesis, genetic mechanisms, clinical perspectives, physical traits in children with FASD, managing behavior, FASD and the correction system, nutritional influences aiding FASD prevention, prenatal alcohol screening, the use of dental signatures in FASD diagnosis, the experiences of FASD research and clinical practices in Australia, Canada, UK, USA, adult FASD diagnosis, FASD and children in care, FASD and the healing journey. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Advances in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers and clinicians to help further their study in this field.
Download or read book Neural Crest Dysmorphogenesis in a Chick Embryo Model of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Martina M. Cartwright and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prevention Recognition and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders written by Raja A. S. Mukherjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-31 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents clinical assessment and management solutions for those people who are exposed to Alcohol in Pregnancy. Over the last few decades we have begun to understand the enduring effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing fetus. The consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a lifelong disorder and affects children and adults. It is a condition which is significantly under-recognised for many reasons. Assessment and diagnosis requires the input of multiple different professionals, and referral pathways are often poorly developed or non-existent. Information to support and guide these professionals in practical ways, what to do and how to help, remains limited. This book seeks to fill some of that gap by offering professionals, clear and useable research-based information and guidance that will help in their practice whilst also being a useful resource for anyone new to this increasingly recognised area of work. The book is divided into four broad areas bringing together chapters authored by experts in their field including those with lived experiences. Part one focuses on presenting an overview of the condition, and approaching women about their alcohol use and risk followed by part two focusing more around diagnostic issues. Part three follows with management advice, and part four revolves around policy and health prevention in general. Each chapter is designed to offer insight but also practical tips and support in an accessible manner. The book offers an essential guide for a broad range of health and social care professionals working with this condition.
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders written by Omar A. Abdul-Rahman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) represent a range of physical, mental, and behavioral disabilities caused by alcohol use during pregnancy, or prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). FASDs are considered to be one of the leading causes of developmental disability, with an estimated 2-5% of children being born with FASD each year in the world. Despite its high prevalence, FASD is often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed, making intervention more challenging. A multidisciplinary team of providers who understand the diagnostic requirements is crucial for an accurate FASD diagnosis. This text provides a comprehensive, state-of-the art review of this field, and serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers with an interest in FASD. The book provides a detailed overview for clinicians of various backgrounds on the diagnostic process, extensive mechanistic and embryologic data, neuropsychologic aspects of the condition, prevention and treatment approaches, and the ethical, legal, and policy perspectives that impact patients and families. The chapters are organized parallel to the journey of individuals who experience alcohol-related conditions, beginning with the prenatal period addressing epidemiology of alcohol exposure, prevention and interventions, continuing through the fetal experience with a focus on embryology. Challenges of children and their families are considered next including the diagnostic process and health effects. Finally, issues related to systems of care for individuals with FASD and the broader community are addressed. The global context of FASD is presented throughout the textbook. Written by experts in the field, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of this issue that helps guide prevention efforts, the diagnostic process, school and community interventions, and global policy efforts.
Download or read book Craniofacial Growth and Development Novel Insights written by Erika Kuchler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trauma Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Jason M. Fogler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the diagnostic overlap and frequent confusion between the newly named DSM-5 diagnostic categories of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), which include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trauma and stressor related disorders (TSRDs). These conditions are similar in that a) children with developmental disorders are particularly vulnerable to traumatic events and b) all have pervasive effects on the brain and development. Chapters provide a wealth of effective clinical, family, and school-based interventions, developed from established studies and important new findings. In addition, chapters use illustrative case studies to survey assessment challenges in today’s healthcare climate and consider alternative routes for improving correct diagnoses, identifying appropriate interventions, and referring proper targeted, evidence-based treatment and services. The book concludes with the editors’ recommendations for needs-based service access, including a more widespread use and acceptance of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Topics featured in this book include: The neurobiological contributors to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) and its diagnosis in children with a history of trauma. Interventions for trauma and stressor-related disorders in preschool-aged children. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and care in a cultural context. Special population consideration in ASD identification and treatment. Challenges associated with the transition to adulthood. Trauma and neurodevelopmental disorders from a public health perspective. Trauma, Autism, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians and related professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, public health, social work, pediatrics, and special education.
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Hans-Ludwig Spohr and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comprehensive Handbook of Alcohol Related Pathology written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-24 with total page 2556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook is a "one-stop-shop" for all researchers involved in the field of alcohol-related harm at the whole body or cellular level. Over 100 chapters provide abundant information of a wide range of topics that extend from the evolutionary aspects of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of alcohol misuse to programmed cell death. Each chapter is highly illustrated with tables and figures making this a valuable reference for students, clinicians and researchers alike. *Over 100 chapters conveniently divided into 3 sections *Represents a 'one-stop-shop' of information with suitable indexing of the various pathways and processes *Each chapter is highly illustrated with tables as well as figures
Download or read book Ocular Abnormalities in the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Kerstin Strömland and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Craniofacial Malformations written by Ulrich Meyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume in an interdisciplinary three-book series covering the full range of biological, clinical, and surgical aspects in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with craniofacial malformations. This volume opens by considering general topics such as developmental biology and disease classification and then examines in depth the biological basis of the various malformations, including craniosynostoses, cleft-lip and palate with complex orofacial clefts, branchio-oculo-facial syndromes, rare syndromes, soft tissue malformations, and dysgnathia. Psychological aspects, including psychological evaluation methods and therapies and quality of life issues, are then addressed. Finally, all relevant clinical, radiological, and genetic investigations are described and important diagnostic issues are explored. Featuring numerous high-quality illustrations, the book will be of high value for all clinicians, researchers, and postgraduate students who deal with these malformations. The accompanying two volumes describe treatment principles and present in an atlas manner all relevant surgical techniques in detail. The content of this multivolume set, written by the world’s leading research and clinical specialists in their discipline, represents therefore the recent intellect, experience, and state of this medical field.
Download or read book The Biochemistry of Retinoid Signaling III written by Mary Ann Asson-Batres and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers subjects that have major impacts on society, such as the mechanism of maternal-fetal transfer of vitamin A, and the effects of alcohol on retinoic acid signaling and mammalian embryonic development. There has been an awareness of the importance of consuming vitamins throughout human history, but empirical studies of their physiological role and mode of action only began about 150 years ago. Since then, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, have been identified and researchers around the globe have investigated retinoic acid’s physiological function in growth processes and in maintaining life Written by leading experts, this book discusses the latest findings and advances in retinoic acid research. It addresses topics such as the role of retinoic acid signaling in a multitude of processes, including limb, heart and respiratory system development, as well as its role in maintaining postnatal organ systems. This book is a valuable resource for scientists involved in vitamin A/retinoic acid research and readers interested in developmental biology.
Download or read book Fetal Alcohol Syndrome written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-04-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee: Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations.
