Download or read book Antiquities Smuggling in the Real and Virtual World written by Layla Hashemi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-16 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the illicit trade in antiquities, a trade which has increased massively following the destruction and looting of ancient Near Eastern sites in the Middle East. Focusing on the distribution networks for looted antiquities, especially the routes to the West, the book considers the dealers and facilitators who are key in getting the objects to market, explores the methods used including online marketplaces and social media sites, analyses demand and buyers, revealing that objects are often available at very affordable prices. It outlines the efforts of law enforcement agencies, including the military, and legal systems to contain the trade. Throughout the book highlights the difficulties of putting a stop to this illicit trade, particularly in a conflict region.

Download or read book To Aleppo gone Essays in honour of Jonathan N Tubb written by Irving Finkel and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A festschrift in honour of Jonathan Tubb, former Levant curator and Keeper of the Department of the Middle East at the British Museum. 44 contributions reflect Jonathan’s career and professional interests with a focus on the Jordan Valley and southern Levant, but also north Syria, Mesopotamia, and the protection of endangered cultural heritage.

Download or read book Cultural Property Crime and the Law written by Michelle D. Fabiani and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-23 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores innovative approaches to using and operating within and around both criminal law and civil law in the detection, investigation, and restitution of illicit cultural property. The volume brings together a wide range of authors who research and work in combatting cultural property crime. It explores the normative tensions and intersections between civil and criminal law and where they complement each other in the field. It focuses on innovative legal solutions to the unique challenges presented when facing a transnational form of crime that must consider varying structures of law and order, as well as a deep understanding of the heritage in question, both in past and the present cultures. The collection examines what both areas of law contribute to preventing cultural property crime from occurring, holding offenders responsible before the law, and returning objects to their rightful owners and/or places of origin. Combining the perspectives of academics and practitioners, the volume highlights voices from around the globe, using this range of experience to explore new ideas and applications of legal theory and practice to cases involving cultural property crimes. The book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in cultural property crime in the fields of criminology, law, archaeology, museum studies, political science, economics, and law enforcement.

Download or read book Cultural Objects and Reparative Justice written by Patty Gerstenblith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-05 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cultural Objects and Reparative Justice provides a comprehensive legal and historical analysis surrounding a highly debated current question: Where should cultural objects that were removed without consent be located? This book follows an innovative, interdisciplinary approach based in law, history, art history, anthropology, and archaeology and proposes a paradigm for reparations. Tracing the historical foundations of the current legal framework, the work closely examines three factors that heavily informed the cultural heritage debate since the late eighteenth century: the rise of the encyclopaedic museum, the development of archaeology as a science, and the appropriation of objects in the context of armed conflict and colonialism. Each of these explorations is enriched by examples from around the globe and assessed on the international, national, and local level. Subjecting contested objects -such as the Parthenon Sculptures, those from the Yuanmingyuan Palace, the Benin artifacts, looted archaeological artefacts and human remains, and artwork stolen during the Holocaust - to this holistic approach enables a contextualisation of the unique history of appropriation of these objects. Cultural Objects and Reparative Justice outlines how current cultural heritage laws and ethical guidelines with respect to cultural heritage derive from a background of imperialism and colonialism. The book advocates for a new structure based on reparation, restitution, repatriation, compensation, and market regulation to cease perpetuating past harms and to disincentivize new ones.

Download or read book Stolen Fragments written by Roberta Mazza and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2012, Steve Green, billionaire and president of the Hobby Lobby chain of craft stores, announced a recent purchase of a Biblical artefact—a fragment of papyrus, just discovered, carrying lines from Paul's letter to the Romans, and dated to the second century CE. Noted scholar Roberta Mazza was stunned. When was this piece discovered, and how could Green acquire such a rare item? The answers, which Mazza spent the next ten years uncovering, came as a shock: the fragment had come from a famous collection held at Oxford University, and its rightful owners had no idea it had been sold. The letter to the Romans was not the only extraordinary piece in the Green collection. They soon announced newly recovered fragments from the Gospels and writings of Sappho. Mazza's quest to confirm the provenance of these priceless fragments revealed shadowy global networks that make big business of ancient manuscripts, from the Greens' Museum of the Bible and world-famous auction houses like Sotheby's and Christie's, to antique shops in Jerusalem and Istanbul, dealers on eBay, and into the collections of renowned museums and universities. Mazza's investigation forces us to ask what happens when the supposed custodians of our ancient heritage act in ways that threaten to destroy it. Stolen Fragments illuminates how these recent dealings are not isolated events, but the inevitable result of longstanding colonial practices and the outcome of generations of scholars who have profited from extracting the cultural heritage of places they claim they wish to preserve. Where is the boundary between protection and exploitation, between scholarship and larceny?

Download or read book Hubs of Illicit Trade in the Global Economy written by Yulia Krylova and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-09-30 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book meticulously examines how centers of illicit trade pose myriad threats to global security and sustainable development. The exponential growth of illicit trade, resulting in annual losses amounting to trillions of dollars for the global economy, is increasingly concentrated within specific geographic areas. These locales serve as safe havens for smugglers and their accomplices, fostering a criminal ecosystem that facilitates the convergence of various criminal activities. The book underscores the detrimental impact of poorly regulated international free trade zones, which prioritize expediency over security, thereby allowing illicit trade to flourish in regions characterized by opaque governance and lax regulatory oversight. It comprehensively explores the spectrum of illicit trade present in notorious hubs such as the Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay Tri-Border Area, Dubai, Panama, Belize, Guatemala, and Ukraine. Emphasizing the phenomenon of crime convergence associated with these hubs, the book offers actionable recommendations for disrupting their interconnected illicit supply chains, infrastructures, and networks. By addressing this interconnectedness, the book fills a critical void in understanding how vulnerabilities within the global economy fuel the creation of illicit trade hubs. It will be of great value to researchers in the fields of trade, economics, criminology, and international development. It will also be an excellent resource for government agencies, policymakers, and private-sector managers in those industries most affected by the growing problem of illicit trade.

Download or read book Tracking and Disrupting the Illicit Antiquities Trade with Open Source Data written by Matthew Sargent and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The illicit antiquities market is fueled by a well-documented rise in looting at archaeological sites and a fear that the proceeds of such looting may be financing terrorism or rogue states. In this report, the authors compile evidence from numerous open sources to outline the major policy-relevant characteristics of that market and to propose the way forward for developing policies intended to disrupt illicit networks.

Download or read book Stealing History written by Roger Atwood and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2007-04-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roger Atwood knows more about the market for ancient objects than almost anyone. He knows where priceless antiquities are buried, who is digging them up, and who is fencing and buying them. In this fascinating book, Atwood takes readers on a journey through Iraq, Peru, Hong Kong, and across America, showing how the worldwide antiquities trade is destroying what's left of the ancient sites before archaeologists can reach them, and thus erasing their historical significance. And it is getting worse. The discovery of the legendary Royal Tombs of Sipan in Peru started an epidemic. Grave robbers scouring the courntryside for tombs--and finding them. Atwood recounts the incredible story of the biggest piece of gold ever found in the Americas, a 2,000-year-old, three-pound masterpiece that cost one looter his life, sent two smugglers to jail, and wrecked lives from Panama to Pennsylvainia. Packed with true stories, this book not only reveals what has been found, but at what cost to both human life and history.

Download or read book Dark Commerce written by Louise I. Shelley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though mankind has traded tangible goods for millennia, recent technology has changed the fundamentals of trade, in both legitimate and illegal economies. In the past three decades, the most advanced forms of illicit trade have broken with all historical precedents and, as Dark Commerce shows, now operate as if on steroids, tied to computers and social media. In this new world of illicit commerce, which benefits states and diverse participants, trade is impersonal and anonymized, and vast profits are made in short periods with limited accountability to sellers, intermediaries, and purchasers. Louise Shelley examines how new technology, communications, and globalization fuel the exponential growth of dangerous forms of illegal trade--the markets for narcotics and child pornography online, the escalation of sex trafficking through web advertisements, and the sale of endangered species for which revenues total in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The illicit economy exacerbates many of the world's destabilizing phenomena: the perpetuation of conflicts, the proliferation of arms and weapons of mass destruction, and environmental degradation and extinction. Shelley explores illicit trade in tangible goods--drugs, human beings, arms, wildlife and timber, fish, antiquities, and ubiquitous counterfeits--and contrasts this with the damaging trade in cyberspace, where intangible commodities cost consumers and organizations billions as they lose identities, bank accounts, access to computer data, and intellectual property.

Download or read book Illicit Antiquities written by Neil Brodie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploitation of archaeological sites for commercial gain is a serious problem worldwide. In peace and during wartime archaeological sites and cultural institutions, both on land and underwater, are attacked and their contents robbed for sale on an international 'antiquities' market. Objects are excavated without record, smuggled across borders and sold for exorbitant prices in the salesrooms of Europe and North America. In some countries this looting has now reached such a scale as to threaten the very survival of their archaeological and cultural heritage. This volume highlights the deleterious effects of the trade on cultural heritage, but in particular it focuses upon questions of legal and local responses: How can people become involved in the preservation of their past and what, in economic terms, are the costs and benefits? Are international conventions or export restrictions effective in diminishing the volume of the trade and the scale of its associated destruction?

Download or read book Tracking and Disrupting the Illicit Antiquities Trade with Open Source Data written by Matthew Sargent and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The illicit antiquities market is fueled by a well-documented rise in looting at archaeological sites and a fear that the proceeds of such looting may be financing terrorism or rogue states. In this report, the authors compile evidence from numerous open sources to outline the major policy-relevant characteristics of that market and to propose the way forward for developing policies intended to disrupt illicit networks.

Download or read book Handbook of Globalisation and Development written by Kenneth A. Reinert and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterised by conceptual diversity, the Handbook of Globalisation and Development presents contributions from prominent international researchers on all aspects of globalisation and carefully considers their role across a whole host of development processes. The Handbook is structured around seven key areas: international trade, international production, international finance, migration, foreign aid, a broader view, and challenges. Adopting a multi-disciplinary approach, the section on ‘a broader view’ delves into dimensions of globalisation and development that go beyond the mere economic, such as: culture, technology, health, and poverty. Carefully crafted, the chapters herein offer a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of the available research to date and provide an assessment of policy options across all areas considered.

Download or read book Illicit Antiquities written by Neil Brodie and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exploitation of archaeological sites for commercial gain is a serious problem worldwide. In peace and during wartime archaeological sites and cultural institutions, both on land and underwater, are attacked and their contents robbed for sale on an international 'antiquities' market. Objects are excavated without record, smuggled across borders and sold for exorbitant prices in the salesrooms of Europe and North America. In some countries this looting has now reached such a scale as to threaten the very survival of their archaeological and cultural heritage. This volume highlights the deleterious effects of the trade on cultural heritage, but in particular it focuses upon questions of legal and local responses: How can people become involved in the preservation of their past and what, in economic terms, are the costs and benefits? Are international conventions or export restrictions effective in diminishing the volume of the trade and the scale of its associated destruction?

Download or read book Cultural Property and Contested Ownership written by Brigitta Hauser-Schäublin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-10 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the backdrop of international conventions and their implementation, Cultural Property and Contested Ownership explores how highly-valued cultural goods are traded and negotiated among diverging parties and their interests. Cultural artefacts, such as those kept and trafficked between art dealers, private collectors and museums, have become increasingly localized in a ‘Bermuda triangle’ of colonialism, looting and the black market, with their re-emergence resulting in disputes of ownership and claims for return. This interdisciplinary volume provides the first book-length investigation of the changing behaviours resulting from the effect of the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. The collection considers the impact of the Convention on the way antiquity dealers, museums and auction houses, as well as nation states and local communities, address issues of provenance, contested ownership, and the trafficking of cultural property. The book contains a range of contributions from anthropologists, lawyers, historians and archaeologists. Individual cases are examined from a bottom-up perspective and assessed from the viewpoint of international law in the Epilogue. Each section is contextualised by an introductory chapter from the editors.

Download or read book Is and Cultural Genocide written by Special Operations Study and Research (U and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In IS and Cultural Genocide: Antiquities Trafficking in the Terrorist State, the writing team of Retired Brigadier General Russell Howard, Marc Elliott, and Jonathan Prohov offer compelling research that reminds government and military officials of the moral, legal, and ethical dimensions of protecting cultural antiquities from looting and illegal trafficking. Internationally, states generally agree on the importance of protecting antiquities, art, and cultural property not only for their historical and artistic importance, but also because such property holds economic, political, and social value for nations and their peoples. Protection is in the common interest because items or sites are linked to the common heritage of mankind. The authors make the point that a principle of international law asserts that cultural or natural elements of humanity's common heritage should be protected from exploitation and held in trust for future generations.

Download or read book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World written by Stefano Manacorda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theft, trafficking, and falsification of cultural property and cultural heritage objects are crimes of a particularly complex nature, which often have international ramifications and significant economic consequences. Organized criminal groups of various types and origins are involved in these illegal acts. The book Crime in the Art and Antiquities World has contributions both from researchers specializing in the illegal trafficking of art, and representatives of international institutions involved with prevention and detection of cultural property-related crimes, such as Interpol and UNESCO. This work is a unique and useful reference for scholars and private and public bodies alike. This innovative volume also includes an Appendix of the existing legal texts, i.e. international treaties, conventions, and resolutions, which have not previously been available in a single volume. As anyone who has undertaken research or study relating to the protection of cultural heritage discovers one of the frustrations encountered is the absence of ready access to the multi- various international instruments which exist in the field. Since the end of the Second World War these instruments have proliferated, first in response to increasing recognition of the need for concerted multinational action to give better protection to cultural property during armed conflict as well as ensuring the repatriation of cultural property looted during such conflict. Thus the international community agreed in 1954 upon a Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. That Convention, typically referred to as the Hague Convention of 1954, is now to be found reproduced in the Appendix to this book (Appendix I) together with 25 other important and diverse documents that we believe represent a core of the essential international sources of reference in this subject area. In presenting these documents in one place we hope that readers will now experience less frustration while having the benefit of supplementing their understanding and interpretation of the various instruments by referring to individual chapters in the book dealing with a particular issue or topic. For example, Chapter 9 by Mathew Bogdanos provides some specific and at times rather depressing descriptions of the application in the field of the Hague Convention 1954, and its Protocols (Appendices II and III), to the armed conflict in Iraq. Reference may also be had to the resolution of the UN Security Council in May 2003 (Appendix VI) urging Member States to take appropriate steps to facilitate the safe return of looted Iraqi cultural property taken from the Iraq National Museum, the National Library and other locations in Iraq. Despite such pleas the international antiquities market seems to have continued to trade such looted property in a largely unfettered manner, as demonstrated by Neil Brodie in Chapter 7. Fittingly, as referred to in the Preface to this book, the last document contained in the Appendix (Appendix 26) is the “Charter of Courmayeur”, formulated at a ground breaking international workshop on the protection of cultural property conducted by the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council (ISPAC) to the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program in Courmayeur, Italy, in June 1992. The Charter makes mention of many of the instruments contained in the Appendix while also foreshadowing many of the developments which have taken place in the ensuing two decades designed to combat illicit trafficking in cultural property through international collaboration and action in the arena of crime prevention and criminal justice.

Download or read book Convergence written by Defense Department and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Center for Complex Operations (CCO) has produced this edited volume, Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization, that delves deeply into everything mentioned above and more. In a time when the threat is growing, this is a timely effort. CCO has gathered an impressive cadre of authors to illuminate the important aspects of transnational crime and other illicit networks. They describe the clear and present danger and the magnitude of the challenge of converging and connecting illicit networks; the ways and means used by transnational criminal networks and how illicit networks actually operate and interact; how the proliferation, convergence, and horizontal diversification of illicit networks challenge state sovereignty; and how different national and international organizations are fighting back. A deeper understanding of the problem will allow us to then develop a more comprehensive, more effective, and more enduring solution. Other related products: YouTube War: Fighting in a World of Cameras in Every Cell Phone and Photoshop on Every Computer can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01071-4 Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01128-1 Confidence Building in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Territorial and Weapons-Based Regimes can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01139-7 Army Support of Military Cyberspace Operations: Joint Contexts and Global Escalation Implications can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01094-3 Legality in Cyberspace: An Adversary View can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01108-7 Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01117-6 Fundamentals of War Gaming --Print Paperback format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-046-00299-1 -- Print Hardcover format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-046-00269-0 Policy Analysis in National Security Affairs: New Methods for a New Era can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01561-0 Economic Security: Neglected Dimension of National Security --print paperback format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01617-9 --ePub format can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/999-000-44440-9 Other products produced by the U.S. Army, National Defense University can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1078 Other products produced by the U.S. Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1609