Download or read book Antipredator Defenses Determine an Adaptive Response to Stress in Neotoma Fuscipes written by Carson Balfour Keller and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in predator-prey relationships has often focused on the direct consumptive impacts that predators have on prey. However, we are beginning to understand that direct consumption only represents a portion of the total effect that predators have on prey. Fear effects are the indirect effects that predators have on prey and are a result of antipredator defenses to perceived risk. These responses have shown to cause declines in survival, reproduction, and foraging behavior, potentially leading to changes in population dynamics and, ultimately, community structure. I examined how dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) cope with acute and chronic perceived predation risk by experimentally elevating predator odor for wild and captive individuals in Southern California. I measured concurrent behavioral and physiological effects of increased perceived risk using giving-up densities and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. An index of body condition was derived by correcting mass for differences in body size (i.e. skull width) between individuals. Perceived risk was manipulated using native predator odor (bobcat urine); predator urine has been demonstrated as a perceived risk to many rodent species. My results reveal that N. fuscipes exhibits an acute behavioral and stress hormone response. However, they demonstrate no significant negative changes in foraging rates, body condition, and stress hormone levels under chronic exposure to risk. The lack of any measurable response to a chronic stressor suggests that a chronic response may not have evolved in this species and may be unnecessary due to its short lifespan, non-cyclic lifecycle, and primary ambush predator. Habituation may also play a role as an adaptive response to a continuous environmental stressor. Therefore, the interplay between prey life-history traits with behavioral and physiological responses may be essential to understanding indirect effects of fear. Research into how life-history traits may drive evolutionary responses to predators may help to discern if such traits constrain antipredator behaviors. Understanding the role fear has in altering predator-prey relationships may allow for a better understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics and the ecosystem-wide impacts that changes in these relationships can induce.
Download or read book The Evolution of Social Behaviour written by Michael Taborsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the stunning diversity of social systems and behaviours seen in nature be explained? Drawing on social evolution theory, experimental evidence and studies conducted in the field, this book outlines the fundamental principles of social evolution underlying this phenomenal richness.To succeed in the competition for resources, organisms may either 'race' to be quicker than others, 'fight' for privileged access, or 'share' their efforts and gains. The authors show how the ecology and intrinsic attributes of organisms select for each of these strategies, and how a handful of straightforward concepts explain the evolution of successful decision rules in behavioural interactions, whether among members of the same or different species. With a broad focus ranging from microorganisms to humans, this is the first book to provide students and researchers with a comprehensive account of the evolution of sociality by natural selection.
Download or read book Spatial Capture Recapture written by J. Andrew Royle and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial Capture-Recapture provides a comprehensive how-to manual with detailed examples of spatial capture-recapture models based on current technology and knowledge. Spatial Capture-Recapture provides you with an extensive step-by-step analysis of many data sets using different software implementations. The authors' approach is practical – it embraces Bayesian and classical inference strategies to give the reader different options to get the job done. In addition, Spatial Capture-Recapture provides data sets, sample code and computing scripts in an R package. - Comprehensive reference on revolutionary new methods in ecology makes this the first and only book on the topic - Every methodological element has a detailed worked example with a code template, allowing you to learn by example - Includes an R package that contains all computer code and data sets on companion website
Download or read book Ecologically based Management of Rodent Pests written by Grant R. Singleton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphibians of Western North America written by Robert C. Stebbins and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1951. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived
Download or read book The Eastern Screech Owl written by Frederick R. Gehlbach and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eastern screech owl, widespread over the eastern half of North America and noticeably tolerant of human activity, is one of America's most familiar birds. Residing naturally in wooded environs with tree cavities, this owl lives well in suburbia and can be found nesting in mailboxes, porch columns, and purple martin houses. Based on a twenty-five-year study, biologist Frederick R. Gehlbach tells the life story of the eastern screech owl, focusing on case studies of suburban and rural study plots in Central Texas. This is the first thorough study of major life-history, behavioral, and ecological features of the species. Indeed, it is the first concurrent, comparative study of an urban and a rural population of any New World animal. Told in a personal voice, the story of these birds will interest all who have not lost touch with their ancestral world. However, Gehlbach has also included quantitative data and analysis of interest to ecologists, wildlife biologists, and ornithologists. Photographs (including color shots of the gray and rufous phases), figures, and tables provide further detail. Gehlbach's investigations have been those of not only an academic ecologist, but a suburbanite curious about his natural surroundings. The result is a model of research on species population dynamics and adaptation, yielding an emerging picture of what the eastern screech owl needs for successful coexistence with human neighbors.
Download or read book Wildlife Population Ecology written by James S. Wakeley and published by Penn State University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Impacts of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-12-07 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's climate is changing, and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many aspects of human society and the natural world. In this book, the National Research Council provides a broad overview of the ecological impacts of climate change, and a series of examples of impacts of different kinds. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet, designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject.
Download or read book Population Ecology in Practice written by Dennis L. Murray and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-10 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of contemporary analytical and modeling approaches in population ecology The book provides an overview of the key analytical approaches that are currently used in demographic, genetic, and spatial analyses in population ecology. The chapters present current problems, introduce advances in analytical methods and models, and demonstrate the applications of quantitative methods to ecological data. The book covers new tools for designing robust field studies; estimation of abundance and demographic rates; matrix population models and analyses of population dynamics; and current approaches for genetic and spatial analysis. Each chapter is illustrated by empirical examples based on real datasets, with a companion website that offers online exercises and examples of computer code in the R statistical software platform. Fills a niche for a book that emphasizes applied aspects of population analysis Covers many of the current methods being used to analyse population dynamics and structure Illustrates the application of specific analytical methods through worked examples based on real datasets Offers readers the opportunity to work through examples or adapt the routines to their own datasets using computer code in the R statistical platform Population Ecology in Practice is an excellent book for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in population ecology or ecological statistics, as well as established researchers needing a desktop reference for contemporary methods used to develop robust population assessments.
Download or read book Rodent Pest Management written by Ishwar Prakash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this multi-authored compendium is, therefore, to bring together the state of arts reported in one place. Written by specialists by specialists in various fields of rondentology, and to suggest future lines of research. It is also felt that this work on rodent pest management will trigger more research effort for the benefit of mankind and help certain countries and organizations in revitalizing serious work in this field which, it appears, has dampened during the last few years.
Download or read book A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California written by Tracy Irwin Storer and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquatic Ecotoxicology written by Claude Amiard-Triquet and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Advancing Tools for Dealing with Emerging Risks presents a thorough look at recent advances in aquatic ecotoxicology and their application in assessing the risk of well-known and emerging environmental contaminants. This essential reference, brought together by leading experts in the field, guides users through existing and novel approaches to environmental risk assessment, then presenting recent advances in the field of ecotoxicology, including omics-based technologies, biomarkers, and reference species. The book then demonstrates how these advances can be used to design and perform assays to discover the toxicological endpoints of emerging risks within the aquatic environment, such as nanomaterials, personal care products, PFOS and chemical mixtures. The text is an invaluable reference for any scientist who studies the effects of contaminants on organisms that live within aquatic environments. - Provides the latest perspectives on emerging toxic risks to aquatic environments, such as nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals, chemical mixtures, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) - Offers practical guidance on recent advances to help in choosing the most appropriate toxicological assay - Presents case studies and information on a variety of reference species to help put the ecotoxicological theory into practical risk assess
Download or read book Foraging Theory written by David W. Stephens and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This account of the current state of foraging theory is also a valuable description of the use of optimality theory in behavioral ecology in general. Organizing and introducing the main research themes in economic analyses of animal feeding behavior, the authors analyze the empirical evidence bearing on foraging models and answer criticisms of optimality modeling. They explain the rationale for applying optimality models to the strategies and mechanics of foraging and present the basic "average-rate maximizing" models and their extensions. The work discusses new directions in foraging research: incorporating incomplete information and risk-sensitive behavior in foraging models; analyzing trade-offs, such as nutrient requirements and the threat of being eaten while foraging; formulating dynamic models; and building constrained optimization models that assume that foragers can use only simple "rules of thumb." As an analysis of these and earlier research developments and as a contribution to debates about the role of theory in evolutionary biology. Foraging Theory will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students to research professionals, in behavioral ecology, population and community ecology, animal behavior, and animal psychology, and especially to those planning empirical tests of foraging models.
Download or read book Insect Growth Disruptors written by Tarlochan S. Dhadialla and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Insect Physiology is committed to publishing volumes containing comprehensive and in-depth reviews on all aspects of insect physiology. First published in 1963, these volumes are an essential reference source for invertebrate physiologists, insect neurobiologists, entomologists, zoologists and insect biochemists. This volume is themed on small RNAs and RNAi in insects. Contains comprehensive and in-depth reviews. Essential reference source for invertebrate physiologists, insect neurobiologists, entomologists, zoologists and insect biochemists. This volume is themed on small RNAs and RNAi in insects.
Download or read book San Diego County Mammal Atlas written by Scott Tremor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new San Diego County Mammal Atlas serves as the definitive guide to the mammals of San Diego County, the biodiversity of which is one of the greatest in the United States. More than a decade in the making, the 432-page, full-color book covers the biology of all 91 terrestrial species and 31 inshore marine visitors known to have occurred in the county during recorded history (since 1769).
Download or read book Ecosystem Ecology written by Sven Erik Jørgensen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-25 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jorgensen's Ecosystem Ecology provides a thorough and comprehensive overview of the world's aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This derivative volume based on the best-selling Encyclopedia of Ecology (published 2008) is the only book currently published that provides an overview of the world's ecosystems in a concise format. - Provides an overview of the world's ecosystems in a concise format - Covers aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems - Based on the best-selling Encyclopedia of Ecology - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding
Download or read book The Geographical Distribution of Animal Viral Diseases written by Stewart Hal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Geographical Distribution of Animal Viral Diseases attempts to shed some light on the global distribution of 110 different viral diseases, mainly of livestock and companion animals. The world literature was screened for 110 different viruses, and maps were prepared. These maps delineate the global distribution of pathogenic viruses based on authenticated reports from a variety of reliable sources. Four viruses were categorized as affecting more than one species to a significant degree (astrovirus, rabies, rotaviruses, and Rift Valley fever). The largest number of maps involved viruses that affect humans. Of the 28 viruses a large number were from the California encephalitis group. Ten of the 28 viruses were reported only in the Eastern Hemisphere, 14 only in the Western Hemisphere, and four were worldwide. Birds were the next most frequently affected group with the 15 viruses, followed by pigs with 14 viruses. Overall the vector-borne viruses appear to have much sharper and clear-cut geographical boundaries than the others.
