Download or read book Bulletin 1901 195 written by Brooklyn Public Library and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Year Book written by Association of the Bar of the City of New York and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of the New York Public Library written by New York Public Library and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 874 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes its Report, 1896-19 .

Download or read book Annual Report of the New York State Civil Service Commission written by New York (State). Civil Service Commission and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Our Library written by Library Association (Portland, Or.) and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yearbook written by Association of the Bar of the City of New York and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Reports of the War Department written by United States. War Department and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Report of the Operations of the United States Life Saving Service for the Fiscal Year Ending written by United States. Life-Saving Service and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Bibliography on Crime and Delinquency written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Money Machines written by Clifton K. Yearley and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1970-01-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Money Machines advances the provocative thesis that the mechanisms for financing state and local government in the Northern United States from 1860 to 1920 were deeply enmeshed with those financing the extralegal--often illegal--activities of the major political parties, complicating reform or change mandated by the post-Civil War breakdown of the North's legal fiscal machinery. Few reformers then recognized the interdependence of government and the party money machines; fewer still acknowledged the effectiveness or social value of the extralegal machines. On the contrary, basic fiscal reform in this period was characterized by attempts to exorcise "politics" in any form, which in turn provoked counteraction from politicians whose organizations had the same need for efficient, reliable revenue systems as did governments. Dr. Yearley demonstrates the failure of the established legal money machines to cope with the demands of postwar governments facing industrialization and urbanization. He characterizes the revolt of old and new middle classes against fiscal inequity and inefficiency and shows how much of the North's new wealth escaped taxation altogether while much of its old wealth similarly went into hiding. Because of its forbidding complexities, tax reform was sustained by a small group of experts from the middle class, whose sincerity and competence were unquestionable, but whose reformism evidenced the peculiar views and prejudices of their class. Here, therefore, the graft-grabbing politician is presented in a fresh light. In his efforts to maintain his sources of revenue and power, he emerges as a vital instrument of mass democracy, of the new politics of the ever-growing urban lower classes as well as their principal source of government welfare or support. The author reevaluates the Gilded Age politician in several important ways, principally regarding his power relationship to the business communities and his ability to perform his job well despite middle class disdain and continual allegations of fraud and incompetence. Further, Dr. Yearley shows that often politicians were ahead of reformers in their fiscal thinking in recognizing and utilizing taxation of income rather than of property. The volume considers in some depth several individual reformers, revealing them to be, among other things, prototypes of present academic experts used by government to manage problems too complex for laymen. The book then proceeds to explain essential changes made in local fiscal systems and which of these were to be the most effective, explanations that are of particular interest in view of the continuing crises in state and local financing today.

Download or read book Cops and Kids written by David B. Wolcott and published by Ohio State University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile courts were established in the early twentieth century with the ideal of saving young offenders from "delinquency." Many kids, however, never made it to juvenile court. Their cases were decided by a different agency--the police. Cops and Kids analyzes how police regulated juvenile behavior in turn-of-the-century America. Focusing on Los Angeles, Chicago, and Detroit, it examines how police saw their mission, how they dealt with public demands, and how they coped daily with kids. Whereas most scholarship in the field of delinquency has focused on progressive-era reformers who created a separate juvenile justice system, David B. Wolcott's study looks instead at the complicated, sometimes coercive, relationship between police officers and young offenders. Indeed, Wolcott argues, police officers used their authority in a variety of ways to influence boys' and girls' behavior. Prior to the creation of juvenile courts, police officers often disciplined kids by warning and releasing them, keeping them out of courts. Establishing separate juvenile courts, however, encouraged the police to cast a wider net, pulling more young offenders into the new system. While some departments embraced "child-friendly" approaches to policing, others clung to rough-and-tumble methods. By the 1920s and 1930s, many police departments developed new strategies that combined progressive initiatives with tougher law enforcement targeted specifically at growing minority populations. Cops and Kids illuminates conflicts between reformers and police over the practice of juvenile justice and sheds new light on the origins of lasting tensions between America's police and urban communities.

Download or read book Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Income in the united written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research Incorporated written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Income in the United States its amount and distribution written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Before Harlem written by Marcy S. Sacks and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2006-10-12 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years between 1880 and 1915, New York City and its environs underwent a tremendous demographic transformation with the arrival of millions of European immigrants, native whites from the rural countryside, and people of African descent from both the American South and the Caribbean. While all groups faced challenges in their adjustment to the city, hardening racial prejudices set the black experience apart from that of other newcomers. Through encounters with each other, blacks and whites, both together and in opposition, forged the contours of race relations that would affect the city for decades to come. Before Harlem reveals how black migrants and immigrants to New York entered a world far less welcoming than the one they had expected to find. White police officers, urban reformers, and neighbors faced off in a hostile environment that threatened black families in multiple ways. Unlike European immigrants, who typically struggled with low-paying jobs but who often saw their children move up the economic ladder, black people had limited employment opportunities that left them with almost no prospects of upward mobility. Their poverty and the vagaries of a restrictive job market forced unprecedented numbers of black women into the labor force, fundamentally affecting child-rearing practices and marital relationships. Despite hostile conditions, black people nevertheless claimed New York City as their own. Within their neighborhoods and their churches, their night clubs and their fraternal organizations, they forged discrete ethnic, regional, and religious communities. Diverse in their backgrounds, languages, and customs, black New Yorkers cultivated connections to others similar to themselves, forming organizations, support networks, and bonds of friendship with former strangers. In doing so, Marcy S. Sacks argues, they established a dynamic world that eventually sparked the Harlem Renaissance. By the 1920s, Harlem had become both a tragedy and a triumph—undeniably a ghetto replete with problems of poverty, overcrowding, and crime, but also a refuge and a haven, a physical place whose very name became legendary.

Download or read book Annual Reports of the Secretary of War written by United States. War Department and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: