Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Milton Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the polycyclic aromatic compounds, critically evaluating various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This book discusses how gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography can be both competitive and complementary analytical methods. Ancillary techniques of both are emphasized for the structural elucidation of individual polycyclic aromatic compounds in complex mixtures. The merits of spectroscopic methods in both structural work and quantitation are also described. This text likewise provides background information concerning the chemistry, occurrence, and toxicology of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the isolation of polycyclic aromatic compounds from a wide variety of materials and matrices. This publication is recommended to scientists involved with the study of polycyclic aromatic compounds, analysts who need to acquire routine data, and individuals charged with formulating environmental policies and drafting regulations.
Download or read book Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Download or read book Large C 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by John C. Fetzer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-08-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAHs) gehören zu den ersten Chemikalien, die als krebserregend für den Menschen erkannt wurden. Erstmals werden in diesem Buch PAHs mit mehr als sieben Ringen auf modernem Stand systematisch abgehandelt. Spezielle Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit Probenvorbereitung und -handling; auch ein Vergleich verschiedener Analyseverfahren ist enthalten. Besonders nützlich für den Laboralltag ist ein ausführlicher Anhang mit Strukturformeln sowie UV-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenz-Emissionsspektren von fast 50 Verbindungen.
Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Milton L. Lee and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Tuan Vo-Dinh and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1989-05-10 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic compounds represent the largest class of suspected chemical carcinogens. This volume reviews established and new techniques for analysis of PAC's, including both homocyclic and heterocyclic species, and PAC mixtures. Presented are the latest experimental procedures, along with new developments in instrumentation. Topics covered include photoionization spectroscopy, photothermal spectroscopy, and immunoadsorbant techniques.
Download or read book Novel Improvements on the Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kazuichi Hayakawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Garrigues and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-03-03 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of some 150 refereed papers that were presented at PAH- 13 (October 1991), the first meeting in the PAH symposium series to be convened outside the US. The papers concern the chemistry, biological effects, and measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. Following two papers by Gernot Grimmer, who received the 1991 PAH Award at the meeting for his lifetime contributions in all three of the aforementioned areas, the remaining papers are arranged within 13 sections: standard reference materials and methods; PAH transformation and degradation; molecular modeling and theory; PAH-analysis, methodology; PAH analysis in aquatic systems and geological samples; PAH analysis in emission sources and in ambient air; PAHs in coal and petroleum; metabolic activity, mutagenicity; DNA-adducts, mechanisms, characterization; DNA-binding, metabolic activation; PAH exposure, biomonitoring; Comparative metabolism of B[a]P; and bioactivation, metabolites. (Note: both CIP and Books in Print incorrectly show the title as Polynuclear....) Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-11-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1991 volume was the first to review the chemical properties of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds written by Lawrence B. Ebert and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents accounts of current research in polynuclear aromatic compounds, showing examples of studies both of pure compounds and of complex, fossil fuel related mixtures. Offers a thorough knowledge of aromatic chemistry through coverage of reduction, oxidation, and thermal reactions--including applications developed for both coal and petroleum materials. Featured topics include quantum chemical structure-reactivity relationships, spatial configurations of large polynuclear hydrocarbons, cyclophanes, and desulfurization of heterocycles. Scientists studying all aspects of the chemistry of polynuclear aromatics will discover important, pertinent information in this volume.
Download or read book Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Samples written by Chanan Sluszny and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry and Analysis of Hydrocarbons in the Environment written by J. Albaigés and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Marcus Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment written by Amy J. Forsgren and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the sources of water contamination by PAHs and their transportation and fate in natural aquatic systems. It then discusses, from the analytical chemist’s view, how to determine the presence of PAHs in water and wastewater, and the changes in PAH concentration during treatment processes. The text examines the removal of PAHs using membrane bioreactors and advanced sludge processes, highlighting results from both demonstration and full-scale plants. It also examines the presence of PAHs in conventional wastewater treatment plants, especially in sludge.
Download or read book Sulfur Analogues of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Thiaarenes written by Jürgen Jacob and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1990 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1990. Sulfur containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (thiaarenes) play a potentially important role in environmentally induced cancers. The main sources of these compounds being fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and shale oils from which they are released either directly or via combustion into the environment. Information on the specific contribution of thiaarenes to the mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of environmental matter is very limited but this book gives credit to new and exciting data in this field. Our present knowledge of the occurrence, chemical and physical properties, analysis, synthesis, toxicology and biochemistry of the sulfur containing aromatic compounds is summarized in this volume. The first half of the book covers all aspects of chemistry and carcinogenicity, whilst the remainder summarizes information on the various thiaarene systems, compound by compound. This volume will provide a valuable source of reference for chemists, ' toxicologists, biologists and environmentalists working in cancer research institutes and universities and for research scientists working in the areas of pollution monitoring, public health and fuel chemistry.
Download or read book Spectral Atlas of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by W. Karcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC) are a broad class of compounds whose wide distribution in the environment results from incomplete combustion processes of fossil fuels in power generator, industrial plant and domestic heating, from car exhaust gas and from tobacco smoke. Many PACs are biologically active and in particular many of the PACs with three or more fused rings are carcinogenic. Currently there is concern of the occurrence of these pollutants at ppb (ug.kg-1) le vel. However the predicted 2 to 3% annual increase in the rate of their release into 1 the environment could lead to ppm (ug.g-) levels in the next century. The move to wards stricter control of these pollutants brings with it the need for accurate monito ring of their environmental occurrence. Reliable identification and quantification of these compounds in complex environ mental samples depends greatly on the availability of reference values for their phy sicochemical and biochemical properties. This second volume results from a close collaboration within the General Directorate for Science, Research and Development of the Commission of the European Communities between the Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, the Community Bureau of Reference and expert laboratories of the Member States.
