Download or read book Analysis of Tropical Cyclones Using Microwave Data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager written by Hongwei Zhao and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Satellite Microwave Rainfall Measurements to Predict Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity written by Derek A. West and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proposed study examines the potential use of satellite passive microwave rainfall measurements derived from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) radiometers onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) constellation to improve eastern North Pacific Ocean tropical cyclone intensity change forecasting techniques. Relationships between parameters obtained from an operational SSM/I-based rainfall measuring algorithm and 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, 60- and 72-hour intensity changes from best track data records are examined in an effort to identify statistically significant predictors of intensity change. Correlations between rainfall parameters and intensity change are analyzed using tropical cyclone data from three years, 1992 to 1994. Stratifications based upon tropical cyclone intensity, rate of intensity change, climatology, translation, landfall and synoptic-scale environmental forcing variables are studied to understand factors that may affect a statistical relationship between rainfall parameters and intensity change. The predictive skill of statistically significant rainfall parameters is assessed by using independent tropical cyclone data from another year, 1995. In addition, case studies on individual tropical cyclones are conducted to gain insight on predictive performance and operational implementation issues.

Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Asymmetries as Revealed by Recent Satellite Microwave Brightness Temperatures written by Jeffrey Hale McCoy and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Microwave Radiometric Measurements to Infer Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Strength written by Don K. Rhudy and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave radiometric data from the DMSP Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) are available in the form of Environmental Data Records (EDR's) and Sensor Data Records (SDR's). The EDR's provide meteorological parameters such as rain rates and surface wind speeds over the oceans, while the SDR's provide the measured brightness temperatures (TB's). In this study, the EDR's were used to compute latent heat released (LHR) in tropical cyclones. The TB's at 85 GHz were used to diagnose the current intensity of the tropical cyclone.

Download or read book Convective Structure and Its Evolution in Tropical Cyclones as Observed by Passive Microwave Sensors in Relation to Intensity Change written by Daniel Harnos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of passive microwave sensors in analysis of tropical cyclones provide unique insight into the microphysical attributes and system structure opposed to other instruments that are only able to detect information about the cloud top. With the ability to infer information about key microphysical processes and structure at high resolution, these platforms provide a glimpse into tropical cyclone development and intensification over systems0́9 life cycles. In particular, passive microwave observations have the potential to depict crucial precursors of rapid intensification (RI; defined as a wind increase of 30 kt/24 hr). A dataset with a common resolution of 8 km across all channels is developed for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) from 1987-2008 and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) for 1997-2008. Statistical metrics are calculated for each storm overpass using 85 GHz and 37 GHz polarization corrected temperatures as well as microwave rain rate estimates. These products are examined as a function of azimuth and annuli in true-north, storm-relative motion, and shear-relative coordinates and evaluated in terms of intensity (wind speed) and intensity change (wind speed change over time). To examine predictive potential of these sensors, the brightness temperature statistics are evaluated in terms of linear correlations between intensity and its change. Highest values occur on the order of 0.7, and are seen at radii of 110 km between median values for 85 GHz PCT and rain rates with observed intensity. An increase in skill is evident following the initial satellite overpass, suggesting a lag between latent heating at the time of overpass and the resultant intensification. Despite this, correlation is consistently less skillful for evaluations of intensity change with values at short time changes of around 0.3. The distribution of statistical values are also evaluated in the context of the dataset with median values at the 110 km distance showing the greatest distinction of 85 GHz PCTs and rain rates for storms at the onset of RI and those that are not, with less variation seen for percentiles > 90% that are indicative of isolated convective activity. With the differentiation in structure noted between RI and non-RI storms, composites are created for each of the brightness temperature products, with a distinct modest convective ring structure evident at the onset of RI that is not present in the non-RI class. Over time this convective ring shows a tendency to contract and intensify over the 24 hour period examined for RI, with the increased latent heating over a more focused area acting to increase the system intensity. Through these evaluations the continued importance spatial convective coverage and axisymmetricization is underscored in intensity and intensity change evaluation, with a lack of signal seen in more isolated convective predictors.

Download or read book Using SSM I Data and Computer Vision to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite imagery and other remote sensing products often provide the only observational data of tropical cyclones. This is especially true in the western Pacific where aircraft reconnaissance missions stopped in 1987. Manual estimate procedures using satellite imagery (Dvorak, 1984) provide valuable assistance in determining tropical cyclone intensity. An objective Dvorak technique (Velden, et al., 1998) is currently being studied to enhance the manual method. In an effort to take advantage of the unique characteristics (Hawkins, et al., 1998) of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data, one Naval Research Laboratory effort (outside the scope of this paper) involves the computation of empirical orthogonal functions of SSM/I tropical cyclone data and presenting those values as inputs to a neural network to estimate the tropical cyclone intensity at a given imagery time (May, et al., 1997). The algorithm applied in the research described here also uses SSM/l data, specifically the 85 GHz (H-pol) channel and a derived rain rate product. The 512x512 pixel imagery is cyclone-centered and image characteristics (computer vision features) are computed from the imagery data. A subset of these -features is presented to a pattern recognition algorithm (k-nearest neighbor) and an intensity estimate is provided as output. A description of the imagery characteristics (including available data and computer vision features) and feature selection methodology is provided in section two. Section three is a discussion of the algorithm used to automate the tropical cyclone intensity estimate and the current evaluation results.

Download or read book An Empirical Study of Tropical Cloud Cluters Using Special Sensor Microwave Imager Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifteen cases of Tropical Cloud Clusters (TCCs) in the western Pacific were analyzed using infrared satellite imagery and microwave satellite data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Microwave data yielded atmospheric parameters of integrated water vapor, liquid water path, ice water path, and surface rainrate. Analyzed fields of SSM/I-derived parameters were then compared with each other and with infrared blackbody cloud top temperatures of TCCs in various stages of development. It was found that TCCs form preferentially in regions of elevated integrated water vapor. It is hypothesized that this extremely humid pre-storm environment signals large scale ascent, contributing to favorable conditions for tropical convection. Areas of surface precipitation retrieved from SSM/I were found, in general, to correlate to infrared cloud top temperatures of

Download or read book Microwave Observations of Mesoscale Convective Systems During Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Western North Pacific written by David Milot and published by . This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the role mesoscale convective systems (MCS) play in the genesis stages of tropical cyclones will increase the ability to predict their formation. This thesis employs polar-orbiter microwave and geostationary infrared satellite imagery to document MCS structure and evolution during tropical cyclone genesis. Microwave imagery at frequencies of 19.35 GHz and 85.5 GHz are used to define convective and stratiform cloud areal amounts, percent coverage, and time-integrated rain rates. Collocations with geostationary infrared images are used to calibrate that imagery so that the hourly values may be calculated until another microwave image is available. Specifically, seven MCSs in two disturbances that eventually developed into tropical cyclones were analyzed. Two MCSs in non-developing storms are also described for contrast.

Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis Using Satellite Data written by Vernon F. Dvorak and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Passive Microwave Measurements of Water Vapor Fields and Rain for Locating Fronts in Cyclonic Storms written by Kristina B. Katsaros and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes some basic research techniques and algorithms developed to diagnose fronts in cyclonic storms over the ocean with passive microwave data. The need for this research stems from the limited availability of reliable weather reports over the ocean, and the occasional disruption of weather map transmissions. In earlier work we found that strong gradients in integrated atmospheric water vapor are good indicators of surface locations of fronts in midlatitude cyclones over the oceans. A second significant indicator of frontal activity is precipitation. Therefore, we have developed methods for flagging strong gradients in integrated atmospheric water vapor (WVG-flag) and the presence of rain by using data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) aboard polar-orbiting Seasat and Nimbus-7 satellites. The data were not received in real time, but were analyzed from archived tapes. Examination of 65 frontal systems showed the water vapor gradient flag to catch 86% of the fronts while the precipitation flagged 90%. Each flag emphasizes different portions of the cyclone and are therefore complimentary. Ultimately these techniques are intended for operational use with data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) which was launched in June 1987 on a satellite in the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP). Such data can be received in real time directly by ships at sea. (RH).

Download or read book Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.

Download or read book Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-12 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with recent advances in our understanding and prediction of tropical cyclogenesis, intensification and movement as well as landfall processes like heavy rainfall, gale wind and storm surge based on the latest observational and numerical weather prediction (NWP) modeling platforms. It also includes tropical cyclone (TC) management issues like early warning systems, recent high impact TC events, disaster preparedness, assessment of risk and vulnerability including construction, archiving and retrieval of the best tracking and historical data sets, policy decision etc., in view of recent findings on climate change aspects and their impact on TC activity. The chapters are authored by leading experts, both from research and operational environments. This book is relevant to cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, graduate and undergraduate students. It intends to stimulate thinking and hence further research in the field of TCs and climate change, especially over the Indian Ocean region and provides high-quality reference materials for all the users mentioned above for the management of TCs over this region.

Download or read book Microwave Estimates of the Extratropical Transitions Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave satellite imagery is a valuable tool for the observation of mature tropical cyclones. This study examined the application of microwave data to the extratropical transition (ET) process. During ET a tropical cyclone (TC) moves into an area of large gradients in many atmospheric parameters. The data sparse regions in which these gradients exist make the examination of key physical mechanisms responsible for the ET process difficult. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) was used to investigate temperature and water vapor gradients. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer was used to examine WV gradients and precipitation intensities. These observations were combined with diagnostic analysis of frontogenesis during the ET process of a TC that re-intensified as an extratropical cyclone and a TC that dissipated. Although the different outcomes of ET were related to differences in coupling between the decaying TC and the midlatitude environment, microwave data were useful for defining specific characteristics that either inhibited or enhanced the coupling of the decaying TC with the midlatitude environment.

Download or read book Evolution of two oceanic extratropical cyclones as observed with the special sensor microwave imager and the Geosat and ERS 1 altimeters written by K.B. KATSAROS and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry

Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Tropical Cyclones and the Inter tropical Convergence Zone Using the Nimbus 7 SMMR Microwave Radiometer written by Carol M. Powers and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: