Download or read book Analysis of the First Underground Run and Background Studies of the Argon Dark Matter Experiment written by Bárbara Rosario Montes Núñez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dark Matter is a collisionless and non-luminous kind of matter, whose existence is inferred through its gravitational e ects at the galactic, cluster and large scales in the Universe. From the analysis of the PLANCK latest data, Dark Matter accounts for the 26.6% of the composition of the energy density of the Universe, while ordinary matter only represents 4.9% [1]. Revealing the nature of Dark Matter has become one of the most challenging problems in modern physics. A possible explanation comes from particle physics in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a particularly interesting class of new particle that can naturally account for the measured abundance of Dark Matter. WIMPs would be produced thermally in the early Universe and, since they interact only weakly, their annihilation rate would become insigni cant as the Universe expands, thus freezing out with a relic abundance. Supersymmetry, an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, foresees interesting possible WIMP candidates in the form of the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), which is neutral, stable and massive. A great experimental e ort has been undertaken in the last years to detect Dark Matter in underground and space-based detectors or produce it in accelerators. This Thesis is focused on the analysis of the rst underground run and background studies of the Argon Dark Matter (ArDM) experiment, which aims to detect WIMPs via the nuclear recoils produced by their elastic scattering o argon nuclei. The detector is a ton-scale double-phase (liquid-gas) TPC, which is currently installed at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) under the Pyrenees in Spain and it is the rst ton-scale argon detector for Dark Matter to take data underground...

Download or read book Direct Search for Dark Matter with the DarkSide Experiment written by Paolo Agnes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide range of observational evidence suggests that the matter content of the Universe is dominated by a non-baryonic and non-luminous component: dark matter. One of the most favored candidate for dark matter is a big-bang relic population of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The DarkSide program aims to the direct detection of WIMPs with a dual-phase liquid argon TPC and a background free exposure. The first phase of the experiment, DarkSide-50, is running since Oct 2013 and has (46 ± 0.7) kg active mass. A first run, with an atmospheric argon fill (AAr), provided the most sensitive limit ever obtained by an argon-based experiment. The current run, with an underground argon fill (UAr, depleted in Ar-39), represents a milestone towards the construction of DarkSide-20k, a low-background dual-phase TPC with a fiducial mass of 20 t. This work is been mainly devoted to the description of G4DS, the DarkSide Monte Carlo simulation, and to its applications. G4DS is a GEANT4-based simulation, it provides the geometry description of each detector of the DarkSide program, it is tuned to reproduce the DarkSide-50 response at the percent level and incorporates a custom model for ionization and scintillation mechanisms in liquid argon, tuned on real data. The principal applications of the simulation include the estimate of the neutron and gamma backgrounds for DarkSide-50, the measurement of the Ar-39 depletion factor in UAr with respect to AAr and the design studies for DarkSide-20k.

Download or read book Noble Gas Detectors written by Elena Aprile and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.

Download or read book Low Radioactivity Argon Dark Matter Search Results from the DarkSide 50 Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our DarkSide-50 dark matter search reports the first results obtained using a target of lowradioactivity argon extracted from underground sources. The experiment is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and uses a two-phase time projection chamber as a detector. A total of 155 kg of low radioactivity argon has been obtained, and we have determined that underground argon is depleted in 39Ar by a factor (1.4 ±0.2) x 103 relative to atmospheric argon. The underground argon was also found to contain (2.05 ± 0.13)mBq=kg of 85Kr. We also found no evidence for dark matter in the form of WIMPs in 70.9 live-days of data with a fiducial mass of (36.9 ± 0.6) kg. When combined with our preceding search with an atmospheric argon target, we set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0 x 10-44 cm2 (8.6 x 10-44 cm2, 8.0 x 10-43 cm2) for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV=c2 (1TeV=c2, 10TeV=c2).

Download or read book Design and Analysis for the DarkSide 10 Two Phase Argon Time Projection Chamber written by Christina Elena Love and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astounding evidence for invisible "dark" matter has been found from galaxy clusters, cosmic and stellar gas motion, gravitational lensing studies, cosmic microwave background analysis, and large scale galaxy surveys. Although all studies indicate that there is a dominant presence of non-luminous matter in the universe (about 22 percent of the total energy density with 5 times more dark matter than baryonic matter), its identity and its "direct" detection (through non-gravitational effects) has not yet been achieved. Dark matter in the form of massive, weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) could be detected through their collisions with target nuclei. This requires detectors to be sensitive to very low-energy (less than 100 keV) nuclear recoils with very low expected rates (a few interactions per year per ton of target). Reducing the background in a direct dark matter detector is the biggest challenge. A detector capable of seeing such low-energy nuclear recoils is difficult to build because of the necessary size and the radio- and chemical- purity. Therefore it is imperative to first construct small-scale prototypes to develop the necessary technology and systems, before attempting to deploy large-scale detectors in underground laboratories. Our collaboration, the DarkSide Collaboration, utilizes argon in two-phase time projection chambers (TPCs). We have designed, built, and commissioned DarkSide-10, a 10 kg prototype detector, and are designing and building DarkSide-50, a 50 kg dark matter detector. The present work is an account of my contribution to these efforts. The two-phase argon TPC technology allows powerful discrimination between dark matter nuclear recoils and background events. Presented here are simulations, designs, and analyses involving the electroluminescence in the gas phase from extracted ionization charge for both DarkSide-10 and DarkSide-50. This work involves the design of the HHV systems, including field cages, that are responsible for producing the electric fields that drift, accelerate, and extract ionization electrons. Detecting the ionization electrons is an essential element of the background discrimination and gives event location using position reconstruction. Based on using COMSOL multiphysics software, the TPC electric fields were simulated. For DarkSide-10 the maximum radial displacement a drifting electron would undergo was found to be 0.2 mm and 1 mm for DarkSide-50. Using the electroluminescence signal from an optical Monte Carlo, position reconstruction in these two-phase argon TPCs was studied. Using principal component analysis paired with a multidimensional fit, position reconstruction resolution for DarkSide-10 was found to be less than 0.5 cm and less than 2.5 cm for DarkSide-50 for events occurring near the walls. DarkSide-10 is fully built and has gone through several campaigns of operation and upgrading both at Princeton University and in an underground laboratory (Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Assergi, Italy). Key DarkSide two-phase argon TPC technologies, such as a successful HHV system, have been demonstrated. Specific studies from DarkSide-10 data including analysis of the field homogeneity and the field dependence on the electroluminescence signal are reported here.

Download or read book Results from the First Use of Low Radioactivity Argon in a Dark Matter Search written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid argon is a bright scintillator with potent particle identification properties, making it an attractive target for direct-detection dark matter searches. The DarkSide-50 dark matter search here reports the first WIMP search results obtained using a target of low-radioactivity argon. DarkSide-50 is a dark matter detector, using a two-phase liquid argon time projection chamber, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The underground argon is shown to contain Ar39 at a level reduced by a factor (1.4 ± 0.2) × 103 relative to atmospheric argon. Here, we report a background-free null result from (2616 ± 43) kg d of data, accumulated over 70.9 live days. When combined with our previous search using an atmospheric argon, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section, based on zero events found in the WIMP search regions, is 2.0 × 10-44 cm2 (8.6 × 10-44 cm2, 8.0 × 10-43 cm2) for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2 (1 TeV/c2, 10 TeV/c2).

Download or read book Production Yield of Muon Induced Neutrons in Lead written by Holger Kluck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work presented in this book is a major step towards understanding and eventually suppressing background in the direct search for dark matter particles scattering off germanium detectors. Although the flux of cosmic muons is reduced by many orders of magnitude in underground laboratories, the remaining energetic muons induce neutrons through various processes, neutrons that can potentially mimic a dark matter signal. This thesis describes the measurement of muon-induced neutrons over more than 3 years in the Modane underground laboratory. The data are complemented by a thorough modeling of the neutron signal using the GEANT4 simulation package, demonstrating the appropriateness of this tool to model these rare processes. As a result, a precise neutron production yield can be presented. Thus, future underground experiments will be able to reliably model the expected rate of muon-induced neutrons, making it possible to develop the necessary shielding concept to suppress this background component.

Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2017 Department of Energy Secretary of Energy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The DarkSide Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, DarkSide is a multi-stage program devoted to direct searches of Dark Matter particles with detectors based on double phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The DarkSide-50 setup is running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. First it was operated with Atmospheric Argon and during that run (1422 ± 67) kg×d of truly background-free exposure has been accumulated. Obtained data made it possible to set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10-44 cm2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2). Presently the detector is filled with Underground Argon, which is depleted in 39Ar by a factor of (1.4 ± 0.2)×103 with respect to Atmospheric Argon. Acquired so far (2616 ± 43) kg×d (71 live days) in combination with the data from the Atmospheric Argon run give us the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10-44 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2. Up to date this is the best limit obtained with an argon target.

Download or read book New Eyes on the Universe written by Stephen Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-19 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “New Eyes on the Universe – Twelve Cosmic Mysteries and the Tools We Need to Solve Them” gives an up-to-date broad overview of some of the key issues in modern astronomy and cosmology. It describes the vast amount of observational data that the new generation of observatories and telescopes are currently producing, and how that data might solve some of the outstanding puzzles inherent in our emerging world view. Included are questions such as: What is causing the Universe to blow itself apart? What could be powering the luminous gamma-ray bursters? Where is all the matter in the Universe? Do other Earths exist? Is there intelligent life out there? The renowned author explains clearly, without recourse to mathematics, why each question is puzzling and worthy of research. Included in the study of the wide range of sensitive and powerful instruments used by scientists to try and solve these problems are ones which capture electromagnetic radiation and ‘telescopes’ for cosmic rays, neutrinos, gravitational waves, and dark matter. This book discusses twelve areas of active astronomical research, ranging from the nature of dark energy to the existence or otherwise of extraterrestrial civilizations, and devotes one chapter to each topic. Although astronomers tackle each of these questions using information gleaned from all possible wavelengths and sources (and this is emphasized throughout the book), in this work the author dedicates each chapter to a particular observational method. One chapter covers X-ray telescopes for investigating black holes, while another uses infrared telescopes to learn more about planetary information.

Download or read book Physics Of The Large And The Small Tasi 2009 Proceedings Of The Theoretical Advanced Study Institute In Elementary Particle Physics written by Csaba Csaki and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-03-04 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a set of pedagogical lectures that introduce particle physics beyond the standard model and particle cosmology to advanced graduate students.

Download or read book Searching For The Unexpected At Lhc And The Status Of Our Knowledge Proceedings Of The International School Of Subnuclear Physics written by Antonino Zichichi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents:Hot Theoretical Topics:Testing Strings at the LHC (I Antoniadis)Entropy Bounds and the Holographic Principle (R Bousso)Quantum Gravity Needs Supersymmetry (S Ferrara and A Marani)Composite Weak Bosons, Leptons and Quarks (H Fritzsch)The Negative β Function: From the Standard Model to Quantum Gravity (G 't Hooft)Effective Actions for High Energy Processes in QCD and in Quantum Gravity (L N Lipatov)Infrared Instability in QCD (P Minkowsky)Notes on Strings and Higher Spins (A Sagnotti)Seminars on Specialized Topics:The Mystery of Neutrino Mixings (G Altarelli)The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) Experiment, in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the Erice School (S C C Ting)The QGCW Project — Technological Challenges to Study the New World (H Wenninger)Highlights from Laboratories:Start Up and First LHC Results (S Bertolucci)From the Discovery of Top to the Higgs Boson Search at Fermilab (D Denisov)Highlights from ALICE (P Giubellino)Highlights from BNL-RHIC (M J Tannenbaum)Highlights from GRAN SASSO (L Votano)Special Sessions for New Talents:On Combinatorial Expansion of the Conformal Blocks Arising from AGT Conjecture (V A Alba)Decaying Gravitino Dark Matter (N E Bomark)Cosmological Constant and Casimir Effect (P Burda)Higher Spins in D=2+1 (A Campoleoni)Gluons for (Almost) Nothing, Gravitons for Free (J J M Carrasco)CP Violation in Charm: A New Method (G Inguglia)Mechanical Resonances in the Read-Out Chambers of the ALICE TPC (M Mager)First Observation of Positronium Hyperfine Splitting Transition — Particle Physics at a Frequency Frontier (A Miyazaki)New Results on Electron Neutrino Appearance in MINOS (M Orchaniam)Measuring sin22θ13 with the Daya Bay Nuclear Reactors (L Wen) Readership: Graduate students, researchers and academics in the field of subnuclear physics. Keywords:Black Holes;QCD;SUSY;QED;Collider;Attractors

Download or read book Two phase Emission Detectors written by Dmitry Yu Akimov and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Particle Dark Matter written by Gianfranco Bertone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology for graduate students and researchers.

Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.

Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.

Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access