Download or read book Analysis of Some Auditory Characteristics written by Jozef J. Zwislocki and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report attempts to account for some of the most prominent auditory characteristics in terms of physiological mechanisms. The first characteristic so analyzed is pitch as a function of sound frequency -- the classical subject of the 'theories of hearing'. The following section is devoted to the effects of sound frequency and temporal stimulus pattern on the threshold of audibility. The threshold is defined in this context as the stimulus intensity that produces a 50 per cent probability of signal detection under constant experimental conditions. Further sections deal with masking, contrast, and critical band phenomena, and with loudness. All these sections are preceded by an elementary theory of sound stimulus and by a theory of sound transmission in the ear.
Download or read book Computer Analysis of the Auditory Characteristics of Musical Performance written by Jack J. Heller and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory and Visual Pattern Recognition written by David J. Getty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systematic scientific investigation of human perception began over 130 years ago, yet relatively little is known about how we identify complex patterns. A major reason for this is that historically, most perceptual research focused on the more basic processes involved in the detection and discrimination of simple stimuli. This work progressed in a connectionist fashion, attempting to clarify fundamental mechanisms in depth before addressing the more complex problems of pattern recognition and classification. This extensive and impressive research effort built a firm basis from which to speculate about these issues. What seemed lacking, however, was an overall characterization of the recognition problem – a broad theoretical structure to direct future research in this area. Consequently, our primary objective in this volume, originally published in 1981, was not only to review existing contributions to our understanding of classification and recognition, but to project fruitful areas and directions for future research as well. The book covers four areas: complex visual patterns; complex auditory patterns; multi-dimensional perceptual spaces; theoretical pattern recognition.
Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Download or read book Probing auditory scene analysis written by Elyse S Sussman and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In natural environments, the auditory system is typically confronted with a mixture of sounds originating from different sound sources. As sounds spread over time, the auditory system has to continuously decompose competing sounds into distinct meaningful auditory objects or “auditory streams” referring to certain sound sources. This decomposition work, which was termed by Albert Bregman as “Auditory scene analysis” (ASA), involves two kinds of grouping to be done. Grouping based on simultaneous cues, such as harmonicity and on sequential cues, such as similarity in acoustic features over time. Understanding how the brain solves these tasks is a fundamental challenge facing auditory scientist. In recent years, the topic of ASA was broadly investigated in different fields of auditory research, including a wide range of methods, studies in different species, and modeling. Despite the advance in understanding ASA, it still proves to be a major challenge for auditory research. This includes verifying whether experimental findings are transferable to more realistic auditory scenes. A central approach in understanding ASA is the use of certain stimulus parameters that produce an ambiguous percept. The advantage of such an approach is that different perceptual organizations can be studied without varying physical stimulus parameters. Additionally, the perception of ambiguous stimuli can be volitionally controlled by intention or task. By using this one can mirror real hearing situations where listeners intent to identify and to localize auditory sources. Recently it was also found that in classical auditory streaming sequences perceptual ambiguity was not restricted to but was observed over a broad range of stimulus parameters. The proposed Research Topic pursues to bring together scientist in the different fields of auditory research whose work addresses the issue of perceptual ambiguity. Researchers were welcome to contribute experimental reports, computational modeling, and reviews that consider auditory ambiguity in its modality specific characteristics as well as in comparison to visual ambiguous figures. The overall goal of contributions was to consider the experimental findings from the perspective of real auditory scenes. In a broader sense, the Research Topic was open for contributions which are related to the issue of active listening in complex scenes.
Download or read book Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech written by G Fant and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech documents the proceedings of a symposium on Auditory Analysis and Perception of Speech co-sponsored by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, held in Leningrad, August 21-24, 1973. The purpose of the meeting was to advance the theory of speech perception in relation to auditory theory and speech signal models with some outlooks into the problem of automatic speech recognition. The book contains papers that were presented during the last three of the five sessions held. Session III on vowel perception includes studies on the variability of the code in connected speech; an auditory model of the perception of quasistationary vowels; and vowel processing at higher levels of the brain. Session IV on consonant perception includes papers that cover topics such as property detection, auditory segmentation, and consonant perception. Session V, which focuses on the prosodic features of speech, includes studies on temporal regularities of spoken Swedish; internal, auditory representation of syllable nucleus durations; and the factors that determine the timing of speech utterances.
Download or read book Perceptual Organization for Speech and Other Auditory Signals written by Robert Peters and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments that treated auditory perception in humans was conducted. These investigations were at the information processing level and were structured to test hypotheses of sensory filtering, feature detection, the organization of a matching system, and the possible role of the motor theory of speech perception in the perception of speech. The studies include multidimensional scaling investigations, tests of the motor theory of speech perception, studies on subphonemic or distinctive features of speech, and experiments on the perceived order of short auditory events. The results of these studies support the idea that the auditory system operates as a feature detector and that these features may relate to articulatory properties of the vocal tract. Further evidence of features was found in short-term recall of phonemes where the error responses indicated that features were retained where phonomes were forgotten. Investigations of perceived order of short auditory events indicate that similar stimuli are grouped together by the auditory system and, in some instances, are heard in a perceptual order that is different from the actual physical order of the stimuli. (Author).
Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Download or read book Tactical Display for Soldiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-01-17 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the human factors issues associated with the development, testing, and implementation of helmet-mounted display technology in the 21st Century Land Warrior System. Because the framework of analysis is soldier performance with the system in the full range of environments and missions, the book discusses both the military context and the characteristics of the infantry soldiers who will use the system. The major issues covered include the positive and negative effects of such a display on the local and global situation awareness of the individual soldier, an analysis of the visual and psychomotor factors associated with each design feature, design considerations for auditory displays, and physical sources of stress and the implications of the display for affecting the soldier's workload. The book proposes an innovative approach to research and testing based on a three-stage strategy that begins in the laboratory, moves to controlled field studies, and culminates in operational testing.
Download or read book The Auditory Periphery Biophysics and Physiology written by Peter Dallos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Auditory Periphery: Biophysics and Physiology is an attempt to provide comprehensive and detailed information regarding biophysics and physiology in terms of the peripheral auditory system. Eight detailed chapters are presented in the book where the first and last serve as introduction and summary. The introductory chapter provides background on the anatomy and functional organization of the auditory system. The second chapter illustrates the most common experimental techniques. A whole chapter is dedicated to the discussion of the middle ear, while Chapters 4 and 5 discuss cochlear mechanisms and potentials. The topic most studied but less understood in the operation of the ear is also emphasized in the book, which is the production of distortion. The topic of feedback mechanisms and systems is also covered. This book aims to be of help to various specialists such as biophysicists, bioengineers, physiologists, otolaryngologists, and speech and hearing scientists.
Download or read book Speech Analysis and Cognition Using Category dependent Features in a Model of the Central Auditory System written by Woojay Jeon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that machines perform far worse than humans in recognizing speech and audio, especially in noisy environments. One method of addressing this issue of robustness is to study physiological models of the human auditory system and to adopt some of its characteristics in computers. As a first step in studying the potential benefits of an elaborate computational model of the primary auditory cortex (A1) in the central auditory system, we qualitatively and quantitatively validate the model under existing speech processing recognition methodology. Next, we develop new insights and ideas on how to interpret the model, and reveal some of the advantages of its dimension-expansion that may be potentially used to improve existing speech processing and recognition methods. This is done by statistically analyzing the neural responses to various classes of speech signals and forming empirical conjectures on how cognitive information is encoded in a category-dependent manner. We also establish a theoretical framework that shows how noise and signal can be separated in the dimension-expanded cortical space. Finally, we develop new feature selection and pattern recognition methods to exploit the category-dependent encoding of noise-robust cognitive information in the cortical response. Category-dependent features are proposed as features that "specialize" in discriminating specific sets of classes, and as a natural way of incorporating them into a Bayesian decision framework, we propose methods to construct hierarchical classifiers that perform decisions in a two-stage process. Phoneme classification tasks using the TIMIT speech database are performed to quantitatively validate all developments in this work, and the results encourage future work in exploiting high-dimensional data with category(or class)-dependent features for improved classification or detection.
Download or read book Auditory Computation written by Harold L. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The auditory system presents many features of a complex computational environment, as well as providing numerous opportunities for computational analysis. This volume represents an overview of computational approaches to understanding auditory system function. The chapters share the common perspective that complex information processing must be understood at multiple levels; that disciplines such as neurobiology, psychophysics, and computer science make vital contributions; and that the end product of computational analysis should be the development of formal models.
Download or read book Auditory Perception written by and published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewicza W Pozn. This book was released on 1996 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Talker Characteristics in Audio visual Speech Integration written by Kelly Dietrich and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Speech perception is commonly thought of as an auditory process, but in actuality it is a multimodal process that integrates both auditory and visual information. In certain situations where auditory information has been compromised, such as due to a hearing impairment or a noisy environment, visual cues help listeners to fill in missing pieces of auditory information during communication. Interestingly, even when both auditory and visual cues are entirely comprehensible alone, both are taken into account during speech perception. McGurk and MacDonald (1976) demonstrated that listeners not only benefit from the addition of visual cues during speech perception in situations where there is a lack of auditory information, but also that speech perception naturally employs audio-visual integration when both cues are available. Although a growing body of research has demonstrated that listeners integrate auditory and visual information during speech perception, there is a significant degree of variability seen in the audio-visual integration and benefit of listeners. Grant and Seitz (1998) demonstrated that the variability in audio-visual speech integration is, in part, a result of individual listener differences in multimodal integration ability. We suggest that individual characteristics of both the auditory signal and talker might also influence the audio-visual speech integration process (Andrews, 2007; Hungerford, 2007; Huffman, 2007). Research from our lab has demonstrated a significant amount of variability in the performance of listeners on tasks of degraded auditory-only and audio-visual speech perception. Furthermore, these studies have revealed a significant amount of variability across different talkers in the degree of integration they elicit. The amount of information in the auditory signal clearly has an effect on audio-visual integration. However, in order to fully understand how different talkers and the varying information in the auditory signal impact audio-visual performance, an analysis of the speech waveform must be performed to directly compare acoustic characteristics with subject performance. The present study conducted a spectrographic analysis of the speech syllables of different talkers used in a previous perception study to evaluate individual acoustic characteristics. Based on behavioral confusion matrices that were made we were able to easily examine possible confusions demonstrated by listeners. Some of the behavioral confusions were easily explained by examining syllable formant tracks, while others were explained by the possibility that noise introduced into the waveform when the stimuli were degraded obscured subtle differences in the voice onset time of some confused syllables. Still other confusions were not easily explained by the analysis completed in the present study. The results of the present study provide the foundation for understanding aspects of the acoustic waveform and talker qualities that are desirable for optimal audio-visual speech integration and might also have implications for the design of future aural rehabilitation programs.
Download or read book Auditory System written by E. de Boer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: after heated and often bitter debates, SIEBENMANN'S opinion finally prevailed, i. e. , a contribution to cochlear lesions due to vibrations of the floor transmitted via bone conduction could not be demonstrated. For one thing, it was hard to see how appreciable amounts of energy could reach the ears in this manner, considering the attenuation that is bound to occur across each of the many joints along the pathway involved. In some older audiological surveys conducted in industry (e. g. , TEMKIN, 1933), groups of workmen were found who displayed signs of apical-turn lesions, i. e. , low-tone hearing losses for air and for bone. Such lesions could not be expected to results from exposure to air-borne sounds because of the low-frequency attenu ation of the middle ear. Although WITTMAACK'S explanation, which was frequently invoked in such reports, does no longer appear tenable, such apical-turn lesions could conceivably be caused by bone conduction components of high-intensity noise in the sense of BEKESY (1948). - As far as I am aware of, no newer studies have been conducted in this problem area, and the older experiments and/or surveys were done at times before signal parameters could be precisely controlled or measured. A detailed, critical review of the older studies on the potential contribution of bone-conducted energy to industrial hearing loss and its underlying pathology may be found in Werner (1940) who, incidently, favored SIEBENMANN'S point of VIew.
Download or read book Auditory Sound Transmission written by Jozef J. Zwislocki and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory Sound Transmission provides an integrated, state-of-the-art description and quantitative analysis of sound transmission from the outer ear to the sensory cells in the cochlea of the inner ear. It describes in detail the structures and mechanisms involved and gives their input and transmission characteristics. It shows how sound transmission in one part of the ear depends on the input characteristics of the next part and how sound is analyzed in the inner ear before it reaches the nervous system. The book is divided into seven chapters. The first gives the general overview of the path of sound in the ear. The second concerns the acoustics of the outer ear which is important not only for sound transmission in the ear but also for the design and calibration of earphones, as well as for clinical and research measurements of sound pressure in the ear canal. The third chapter analyzes the middle ear function which is crucial for adapting the conditions of sound propagation in the air to those in the inner ear fluids. The middle ear is prone to various malfunctions, and it is shown how they change the acoustic conditions measured in the ear canal and can be diagnosed on this basis. The next three chapters are dedicated to the most intricate mechanical part of the auditory system, the cochlea. Because of its complexity, its function is explained in three steps: first, with the help of simplifications produced by death; second, on the basis of the measured characteristics of the live organ; third, with the help of quantitative analysis. The last chapter describes cochlear mechanisms underlying pitch and loudness perception.
Download or read book Sensation and Measurement written by H.R. Moskowitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We planned this book as a Festschrift for Smitty Stevens because we thought he might be retiring around 1974, although we knew very well that only death or deep illness would stop Smitty from doing science. Death came suddenly, unexpectedly - after a full day of skiing at Vail, Colorado on the annual trip with wife Didi to the Winter Conference on Brain Research. Smitty liked winter conferences near ski resorts and often tried to get us other psychophysicists to organize one. Every person is unique. Smitty would have said it's mainly because each of us has so many genes that two combinations just alike would be well-nigh impossible. But most of us strive in many ways to be like others, and to abide by the norms (some smaller number try even harder to be unlike other people); as a result many persons seem to lose their uniqueness, their individuality. Not Smitty. He tried neither to be like others nor to be different. He took himself as he found himself, and ascribed peculiarities, strengths, and weaknesses to his pioneering Utah forebears, in whom he took much pride. His was the true and right nonconformity. He approached each task, each problem, ready to grapple with the facts and set them into meaningful order. And if the answer he came up with was different from everyone else's, well that was too bad.
