Download or read book Analysis of Sector Caches for Uni and Multiprocessor Systems written by Jeffrey Blair Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Gunjan K. Sinha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming written by Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we continue to build faster and fast. er computers, their performance is be coming increasingly dependent on the memory hierarchy. Both the clock speed of the machine and its throughput per clock depend heavily on the memory hierarchy. The time to complet. e a cache acce88 is oft. en the factor that det. er mines the cycle time. The effectiveness of the hierarchy in keeping the average cost of a reference down has a major impact on how close the sustained per formance is to the peak performance. Small changes in the performance of the memory hierarchy cause large changes in overall system performance. The strong growth of ruse machines, whose performance is more tightly coupled to the memory hierarchy, has created increasing demand for high performance memory systems. This trend is likely to accelerate: the improvements in main memory performance will be small compared to the improvements in processor performance. This difference will lead to an increasing gap between prOCe880r cycle time and main memory acce. time. This gap must be closed by improving the memory hierarchy. Computer architects have attacked this gap by designing machines with cache sizes an order of magnitude larger than those appearing five years ago. Microproce880r-based RISe systems now have caches that rival the size of those in mainframes and supercomputers.
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Partitioning Techniques for Chip Multiprocessor Systems written by Konstantinos Nikas and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Design Analysis of Cache Coherency in Generally Interconnected Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Douglas E. Marquardt and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurement Analysis and Improvement of the Cache Behavior of Shared Data in Cache Coherent Multiprocessors written by Stanford University. Computer Systems Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance Analysis of Cache Coherence Protocols in Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems Under Generalized Access Environments written by Ramachandran Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance for Operating Systems and Multiprogramming written by Anant Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Efficient Analysis of Caching Systems written by James Gordon Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This disseration describes innovative techniques for efficiently analyzing a wide variety of cache designs, and uses these techniques to study caching in a network file system. The techniques are significant extensions to the stack analysis technique (Mattson et al., 1970) which computes the read miss ratio for all cache sizes in a single trace-driven simulation. Stack analysis is extended to allow the one-pass analysis of: 1) writes in a write-back cache, including periodic write-back and deletions, important factors in file system cache performance. 2) sub-block or sector caches, including load-forward prefetching. 3) multi-processor caches in a shared-memory system, for an entire class of consistency protocols, including all of the well-known protocols. 4) client caches in a network file system, using a new class of consistency protocols. The techniques are completely general and apply to all levels of memory hierarchy, for processor caches to disk and file system caches. The disseration also discusses the use of hash table and binary trees within the simulator to further improve performance for some types of traces. Using these techniques, the performance of all cache sizes can be computed in little more than twice the time required to simulate a single cache size, and often in just 10% more time. In addition to resenting techniques, this disseration also demonstrates their use by studying client caching in a network file system. It first reports the extent of file sharing in a UNIX environment, showing that a few shared files account for two-thirds of all accesses, and nearly half of these are to files which are both read and written. It then studies different cache consistency protocols, write policies, and fetch policies, reporting the miss ratio and file server utilization for each. Four cache consistency protocols are considered: a polling protocol that uses the server for all consistency controls; a protocol designed for single-user files; one designed for read-only files; and one using write-broadcast to maintain consistency. It finds that the choice of consistency protocol has substantial effect on performance; both the read- only and write-broadcast protocols showed half the misses and server load of the polling protocol. The choice of write or fetch policy made a much smaller difference.
Download or read book Analysis of Cache Performance in Vector Processors and Multiprocessors written by Jeffrey David Gee and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Location Cache in a Network on chip Based Multiprocessor System written by Divya Ramakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the direction of research to improve the performance of computing systems is focused toward chip multiprocessor (CMP) designs with multiple cores and shared caches integrated on a single chip. To meet the increased demand for data, large on-chip caches are being embedded on the chip, shared between the multiple cores. The traditional bus-based interconnect architectures are non-scalable for large caches and cannot support the higher cache demand from multiple cores, which motivates the design of a network-on-chip (NoC) interconnect structure for shared non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA). The concept of NUCA caches proposes the division of the cache into multiple banks connected by a switched network that can support the simultaneous transport of multiple packets. The larger on-chip cache designs also result in higher power consumption which is a serious concern as fabrication scales down to the nano-technologies. This research focuses on the implementation of the location cache design in a NoC-based NUCA system with multiple cores, in combination with low-leakage L2 cache based on the gated-ground technique. This system architecture helps to reduce the power of L2 cache along with the performance benefit of the on-chip network. The CMP cache system is implemented on a NoC-NUCA framework with a write-through coherency protocol. The features of CACTI and GEMS are extended to support a complete power and performance estimation of the system. A full-system simulation is performed on scientific and multimedia workloads to characterize the NoC-based system. An analysis of the power and performance of the proposed system is presented in comparison with the traditional cache structure in different configurations. The simulation results show that the NoC-based system with the location cache results in significantly saving the energy of the cache system over the traditional bus-based system in any configuration and also the NoC-based system without a location cache. The system also provides better performance compared to a bus-based system, emphasizing the need to shift to a network-based cache interconnect design which can scale to a large number of cores.
Download or read book Impact of Caches in Multiprocessor Systems written by Julie Ann Kolb Pendergrast and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Location Cache Design and Performance Analysis for Chip Multiprocessors written by Jason Nemeth and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As it becomes increasingly difficult to improve the performance of a microprocessor by simply increasing its clock speed, chip makers are looking towards parallelism in the form of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) to increase performance. Indeed, recent research at Intel suggests that chips with hundreds of cores are possible in the not-so-distant future. As the number of cores grows, so does the size of the cache systems required to allow them to operate efficiently. Caches have grown to consume a significant percentage of the power utilized by a processor. In this research, we extend the concept of a location cache to support CMP systems in combination with low-power L2 caches based upon the gated-ground technique. The combination of these two techniques allows for reductions in both dynamic and leakage power consumption. In this work we will present an analysis of the power savings provided by utilizing location caches in a CMP system. The performance of the cache system is evaluated by extending the capability of CACTI and Simics using the SPLASH-2 and ALPBench benchmark suites. These simulation results demonstrate that the utilization of location caches in CMP systems is capable of saving a significant amount of power over equivalent CMP systems that lack location caches.
Download or read book Analysis of Shared Memory Misses and Reference Patterns written by Jeffrey B. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Shared bus computer systems permit the relatively simple and efficient implementation of cache consistency algorithms, but the shared bus is a bottleneck which limits performance. False sharing can be an important source of unnecessary traffic for invalidation-based protocols, elimination of which can provide significant performance improvements. For many multiprocessor workloads, however, most misses are true sharing and cost start misses. Regardless of the cause of cache misses, the largest fraction of bus traffic are words transferred between caches without being accessed, which we refer to as dead sharing. We establish here new methods for characterizing cache block reference patterns, and we measure how these patterns change with variation in workload and block size. Our results show that 42 percent of 64-byte cache blocks are invalidated before more than one word has been read from the block and that 58 percent of blocks that have been modified only have a single word modified before an invalidation to the block occurs. Approximately 50 percent of blocks written and subsequently read by other caches shown no use of the newly written information before the block is again invalidated. In addition to our general analysis of reference patterns, we also present a detailed analysis of false sharing and dead sharing in each shared memory multiprocessor program studied. We find that the worst 10 blocks from each our traces contribute almost 50 percent of the false sharing misses and almost 20 percent of the true sharing misses (on average). A relatively simple restructuring of four of our workloads based on analysis of these 10 worst blocks leads to a 21 percent reduction in overall misses and a 15 percent reduction in execution time. Permitting the block size to vary (as could be accomplished with a sector cache) shows that bus traffic can be reduced by 88 percent (for 64-byte blocks) while also decreasing the miss ratio by 35 percent."
Download or read book Cache Design and Timing Analysis for Preemptive Multi tasking Real time Uniprocessor Systems written by Yudong Tan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, we propose an approach to estimate the Worst Case Response Time (WCRT) of each task in a preemptive multi-tasking single-processor real-time system utilizing an L1 cache. The approach combines inter-task cache eviction analysis and intra-task cache access analysis to estimate the Cache Related Preemption Delay (CRPD). CRPD caused by preempting task(s) is then incorporated into WCRT analysis. We also propose a prioritized cache to reduce CRPD by exploiting cache partitioning technique. Our WCRT analysis approach is then applied to analyze the behavior of a prioritized cache. Four sets of applications with up to six concurrent tasks running are used to test our WCRT analysis approach and the prioritized cache. The experimental results show that our WCRT analysis approach can tighten the WCRT estimate by up to 32% (1.4X) over prior state-of-the-art. By using a prioritized cache, we can reduce the WCRT estimate of tasks by up to 26%, as compared to a conventional set associative cache.
Download or read book A Program Specific Analysis of Cache Performance in Multiprocessors written by Ann C. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sector Cache Design and Performance written by Jeffrey B. Rothman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The IBM 360/85, possibly the first commercially available CPU with a cache memory, used a cache with a sector design, by which the cache consisted of sectors (with address tags) and subsectors (or blocks, with valid bits). It rapidly became clear that superior performance could be obtained with the now familiar set-associative cache design. Because of changes in technology, the time has come to revisit the design of sector caches. Sector caches have the feature that large numbers of bytes can be tagged using relatively small numbers of tag bits, while still only transferring small blocks when a miss occurs. This suggests the use of sector caches for multilevel cache designs. In such a design, the cache tags can be placed at a higher level (e.g., on the processor chip) and the cache data array can be placed at a lower level (e.g., off-chip). In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of the design and use of uniprocessor sector caches. We start by creating a standard workload and then we calculate miss ratios for a wide range of sector cache designs. Those miss ratios are transformed into Design Target Miss Ratios, which are intended to be 'typical' miss ratios, suitable for use for design purposes ('design targets'). The miss ratios are then used to estimate performance, using typical timings, for a variety of one level and two level cache designs. We find that for single level caches, sector caches are seldom advantageous. For multilevel cache designs with small amounts of storage at the first level caches, as would be the case for small on-chip caches, sector caches can yield significant performance improvements. For multilevel designs with large amounts of first level storage, sector caches provide relatively small improvements."
