Download or read book Analysis of Hydrology and Erosion in Small Paired Watersheds in a Juniper sagebrush Area of Central Oregon written by Michael Patrick Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current research indicates that the expansion of western juniper can inhibit soil water retention, storage and prolonged releases from watersheds. This phenomenon is of great importance in eastern Oregon, as western juniper is encroaching into sagebrush/grass communities with a correlated reduction in herbaceous ground cover, resulting in reduced infiltration rates and increased soil loss. A paired watershed study for the purpose of monitoring water quality/quantity as affected by western juniper in the Camp Creek drainage, a tributary to the Crooked River, was established in 1994. Monitoring methods consisted of annual and semiannual measurements of hillslope soil movement, channel morphology, including total cross-sectional area, scour and deposition, channel discharge, depth to groundwater, and precipitation. Channel discharge was established using a 3,0 H-flume with a pressure transducer and stilling well and data logger. Changes in channel morphology were determined using 25 permanent, channel cross-section plots per watershed. Hillslope erosion processes were determined using 12 transects of 3 sediment stakes per watershed, located within gullies of subwatersheds. Data showed the two study areas to be well correlated with regards to soil movement, both within the main channels and in the subwatersheds (hillslopes). Some of the geomorphometric properties are similar (not statistically different) and differences in other parameters can be explained. Channel discharge appears to be significantly different in intensity, frequency, and duration of flow. These differences in surface discharge may be explained as further data collection of subsurface flow analysis in conjunction with sampling of springs located in each watershed are conducted.

Download or read book Paired Watershed Ecological Analysis written by Michael Patrick Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to provide a physical and ecological analysis of paired watersheds in the semi-arid western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) woodlands of Central Oregon. Instrumentation and monitoring was accomplished in Jensen and Mays watersheds as the preliminary portion of a longer term project. Instrumentation was designed to address changes in the erosional processes, hydrology, and vegetation on a watershed scale. Instrumentation was setup to assist in the comparison and calibration of water flow out of the watersheds. This information will be used in the long-term study in conjunction with the treatment of the western juniper overstory on one of the watersheds. Determination of the study area in each watershed required extensive reconnaissance with the assistance of aerial photos, topographic maps, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Mapping of the study areas was accomplished with GIS and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Watersheds were paired according to specific characteristics that influence treatment effects. Flume types were chosen with respect to precipitation intensity and frequency with placement being more a function of watershed topography and channel morphology. Upland sedimentation and erosion measurement required intense acknowledgement of both abiotic as well as biotic characteristics. Analysis showed the watersheds to be similar in size, percent juniper, grass and bare soil cover, topography, and precipitation frequency and intensity. Differences were obtained relative to erosional processes, area of different soil types and channel discharge. Further monitoring and calibration should provide greater insight into the comparison of these components of the study.

Download or read book Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs 2019 written by Alessandro Matese and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new platforms that have been increasingly used in the last few years for forestry applications that benefit from the added value of flexibility, low cost, reliability, autonomy, and capability of timely provision of high-resolution data. The main adopted image-based technologies are RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared. LiDAR sensors are becoming commonly used to improve the estimation of relevant plant traits. In comparison with other permanent ecosystems, forests are particularly affected by climatic changes due to the longevity of the trees, and the primary objective is the conservation and protection of forests. Nevertheless, forestry and agriculture involve the cultivation of renewable raw materials, with the difference that forestry is less tied to economic aspects and this is reflected by the delay in using new monitoring technologies. The main forestry applications are aimed toward inventory of resources, map diseases, species classification, fire monitoring, and spatial gap estimation. This Special Issue focuses on new technologies (UAV and sensors) and innovative data elaboration methodologies (object recognition and machine vision) for applications in forestry.

Download or read book Long term Ecohydrologic Response to Western Juniper Juniperus Occidentalis Control in Semiarid Watersheds of Central Oregon written by Grace L. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rangelands span over 50% of the globe and approximately 70% of the United States. Although livestock production is an important use of rangelands, the benefits of rangelands are highly diverse. Humans find intrinsic value in protecting these unique and variable landscapes for wildlife, vegetation, and recreation enthusiasts. Woodland plant encroachment has become a major concern for land management agencies and private landowners across the United States and many rangeland communities worldwide. Studies around the world are characterizing the effect that woody species may have on ecologic and hydrologic function, as well as the potential consequences of prolonged encroachment. This research is an addition to a central Oregon paired watershed study that began in 1993 as way of characterizing ecohydrologic effects of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) removal. The overarching goals of the study presented here were to: 1) Characterize vegetation-soil water interactions at the landscape scale; 2) Analyze long-term soil water and groundwater fluctuations for treated versus untreated watersheds; 3) Asses subsurface flow connections between upland watersheds and a downstream valley. A landscape-scale assessment (2014 - 2015) of shallow soil water content, for to top 12-cm of the soil profile, across both watersheds indicated the treated watershed as having a significantly higher (P

Download or read book An Analysis of Two Adjacent Agricultural Watersheds in West Central Oregon written by Philip James Schoeneberger and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two small adjacent watersheds on the west-central edge of the Willamette Valley of western Oregon were studied. Information was gathered on existing conditions to determine the suitability of the two watersheds for a paired-watershed study design. A soil survey was conducted using slightly modified soil series previously established for the area. Distributions of the major soil series in the two watersheds were compared. Four transects were sampled using extracted soil cores and hand augering. Results of the transects closely paralleled pre-existing geomorphic schemes. Land-use patterns of the two watersheds were identified and compared. Streamflow and suspended sediment levels of the two watersheds were monitored and the effects of eight storms were compared. The soil survey revealed more diversity in the number of major soil series and greater percentages of heavier textured soils in watershed D3. Most of its forestland occurred on heavy textured soils, whereas most of the forestland in watershed 04 occurred on moderate textured soils. Watershed D3 had almost twice the percentage of cultivated wheatland as watershed D4, whereas D4 had greater percentages of area in grassland. These differences suggest that the soils of D3 might have lower infiltration and permeability than the soils of D4, conditions which are more conducive to lower baseflows and greater runoff and erosion. D3 has a fairly extensive tile drain network and D4 has three settling basins. The impact of these management structures is not apparent. Streamflow, suspended sediment levels, and precipitation for eight storms were compared. Comparisons of hydrographs indicated different response times in storm hydrograph rise for D3 and D4. Determination of these delay factors and adjusting streamflow values accordingly revealed a highly significant relationship between the streamflow levels, indicating a consistent hydrologic relationship between D3 and D4. D3 had consistently lower baseflow levels than D4. Comparisons of suspended sediment levels revealed consistently higher sediment levels in D3 which resulted in greater total yields in all eight storms. These results indicate an unequal but consistent hydrologic relationship between the two watersheds and that they are suitable for a paired-watershed study design.

Download or read book Hydrologic and Related Characteristics of Three Small Watersheds in the Oregon Cascades written by Jack Rothacher and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed Response to Western Juniper Control written by Timothy L. Deboodt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) encroachment has been associated with increased soil loss and reduced infiltration resulting in the loss of native herbaceous plant communities and the bird and animal species that rely on them. Hydrologically, however, change in water yield has been linked with the amount of annual precipitation a site received. Studies published in the 1970's and 1980's, suggest that a minimum 4500 mm (18 inches) of annual precipitation was necessary before an increase in water yield manifested itself following vegetation manipulation. In 1993, a paired watershed study was initiated in the Camp Creek drainage, a tributary of the Crooked River of central Oregon, to evaluate the impacts of cutting western juniper on the hydrologic function of those sites. The study involved a paired watershed approach using watersheds of approximately 110 hectares (270 acres) each to evaluate changes in a system's water budget following the reduction of western juniper. The 30 year average annual precipitation for the area is 3500 mm (13.75) and during the study period, annual precipitation ranged from 80 percent to 129 percent of average. In 2005, following 12 years of pretreatment monitoring in the 2 watersheds (Mays and Jensen) all post-European aged juniper (juniper 140 years of age) were cut from the treatment watershed (Mays). Analysis indicated that juniper reduction significantly increased late season spring flow by 225 percent (alpha .05), increased days of recorded ground water by an average of 41 days (alpha > .05) and increased the relative availability of late season soil moisture at soil depths of .76 m (27 inches) (alpha > 0.1). Ephemeral channel flow did not show a predictable trend during 2 years of post treatment measurements. Channel flow is dependent on spring snow melt and severe summer thunderstorm activity. When winter soils were greater than 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees F), the source of channel flow in Mays was observed to be seepage from the channel banks. Channel flow in Jensen appeared to be a result of rock forcing subsurface flows to the surface. Vegetative responses showed significant increases in perennial forb canopy cover (alpha > .01) and annual forb and annual grass basal cover (alpha > .05). Increases were also found in reduction of percent bare ground and increase in shrub cover, but were not significant. A statistically insignificant decrease in perennial grass cover was noted in the treated watershed however a large amount of reproductive culms were noted in the treated watershed in 2007 compared to the control watershed. Hillslope erosion and channel morphology showed no predictable trend following treatment. Inherent differences in channel morphology between the two watershed prior to treatment existed. This difference may be a product of the two channels being at different evolutionary or successional stages relative to each other and thus indicating that channel recovery would be different for each watershed. The Camp Creek project illustrated that for this system, managing vegetation for water yield may be obtainable at a much lower precipitation threshold than what was previously reported in the literature.

Download or read book Hydrologic Processes in the Pinyon juniper Woodlands written by Peter F. Ffolliott and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrologic processes in the pinyon-juniper woodlands of the western region of the United States are variable because of the inherent interactions among the occurring precipitation regimes, geomorphological settings, and edaphic conditions that characterize the ecosystem. A wide range of past and present land-use practices further complicates comprehensive evaluations of these hydrologic processes. Heterogeneous vegetative covers make it even more difficult to generalize hydrologic processes and the effects of land management practices on the water balance. Nevertheless, estimates of interception, infiltration, evapotranspiration, soil moisture storage, and hillslope soil erosion of these on-site hydrologic processes have been obtained in plot studies. Estimates of off-site streamflow volumes, sediment yields and transport, and quality of streamflow water are available from the results of watershed-level investigations. Estimates of these respective hydrologic processes are presented in this general technical report.

Download or read book Effects of Converting Sagebrush Cover to Grass on the Hydrology of Small Watersheds at Boco Mountain Colorado written by Gregg C. Lusby and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic Relations on Undisturbed and Converted Big Sagebrush Lands written by David L. Sturges and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed Erosion Processes written by Tongxin Zhu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is a fundamental study of watershed erosion and runoff processes. It utilizes decades of soil erosion data to take a comprehensive and balanced approach in covering various watershed erosion processes. While there are many works on soil erosion and conservation, this book fills the gaps in previously published research by focusing more on mass movement, gully erosion, soil piping/tunnel erosion, and the spatial interactions of different erosion processes. Additionally, the book examines erosion processes in extreme rainfall events, something typically absent in short-term studies but discussed in detail here as the book draws on 60 years of research and observations, including 30 years of the author's own investigations of erosion under a wide range of rainfall conditions. The book is divided into 3 parts, and is intended for soil erosion researchers and practitioners, and postgraduate students studying soil erosion and water conservation. Part 1 opens with a comprehensive and critical review of existing literature on soil erosion processes, discusses this book's place among existing literature, and examines the major erosion processes (rainwash, gully erosion, tunnel erosion, and mass movements) including their controlling factors and mechanisms. Part 2 explores the spatial interactions of these different erosion processes to provide a prerequisite for effective design of comprehensive soil erosion control measures in a watershed. Part 3 evaluates the relative significance of these erosion processes in sediment production, the effectiveness of comprehensive soil and water conservation programs, and the applications of watershed modelling in determining the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion and other ecological processes.

Download or read book Hydrologic Changes After Logging in Two Small Oregon Coastal Watersheds written by Donald Dunstan Harris and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Erosion and Sedimentation Following Road Construction and Timber Harvest on Unstable Soils in Three Small Western Oregon Watersheds written by R. L. Fredriksen and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecohydrologic Dynamics and Social Impacts of Western Juniper in Snow dominated Sagebrush Steppe written by Ryan J. Niemeyer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semi-arid social-ecological systems in the western U.S. have undergone drastic changes due to grazing, woody plant encroachment, and urbanization. Specifically in the northern Great Basin, western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) has increased in cover by 10-fold over the last 140 years. These changes can alter both hydrologic and social characteristics of the social-ecological system. To understand these impacts, we studied both the hydrologic and the social-ecological impacts of western juniper encroachment in the sagebrush-steppe. The hydrologic and social research was carried out in the Owyhees of southwestern Idaho. The objective of the hydrologic research was to understand how western juniper influenced both above and below ground hydrologic processes. The objective of the social science research was to develop a social-ecological impact assessment that better addressed both the social and ecological aspects of impact assessments required by the National Environmental Policy Act. The hydrologic research included field work conducted at Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in the Owyhee Mountains and simulations of future climate. This research revealed that juniper not only intercept a large portion of rain and snow, but due to tree wells that form below trees, cause change in below-canopy snow topography that increases snow deposition below trees. Future climate simulations revealed that while climate primarily fixes the timing of above-ground hydrologic processes (i.e. peak snowpack, surface water input, etc.), changes in land cover have a greater impact on the amount of these fluxes. The below-ground research revealed that western juniper preferentially funnel infiltration at their base, likely due to a combination of roots providing preferential flowpaths and hydrophobic soils concentrating infiltration. Electrical resistivity tomography surveys revealed large juniper can extract moisture in the saprolite and weathered bedrock - as deep as 10 m below the surface. The social science research included five workshops and revealed that a deliberative social-ecological assessment process can reveal impacts not otherwise captured with other technical or survey methods.

Download or read book Hydrologic and Related Characteristics of 3 Small Watersheds in Oregon Cascades written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrologic and Related Characteristics of Three Small Watersheds in the Oregon Cascades written by United States. Forest Service and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: