Download or read book Analysis of Endogenous Steroids in Hair Using HPLC MS MS written by Maj Berg Keller and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hair Analysis for Drugs of Abuse written by Ping Xiang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis covers a range of important issues in hair analysis and includes 27 scientific works in which the name of the candidate was either listed as the first author or as the major contributor. The work presented in this thesis involved the development of a series of analytical methods to detect trace amounts of drugs in hair and also investigated the mechanisms by which drugs may be incorporated into hair. The major areas covered in this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The methods for the identification and quantification of opiates, amphetamines, ketamine, cannabis, cocaine, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anabolic steroids in hair were developed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). With GC-MS methods, the limits of detection were 0.1-0.5 ng mg-1 of hair for antidepressants and antipsychotics. For illegal drugs, hair specimens were analyzed by GC-MS with limits of detection of 0.02-2ng mg-1. GC/MS/MS is more sensitive than GC-MS to detect these drugs in hair. The lower limits of detection ranged from 0.001 to 0.020 ng mg-1 for 21 anabolic androgenic steroids and their esters in hair using liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method. And the limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 5 pg mg-1 for benzodiazepines in hair. Tandem mass spectrometry is characterized by its sensitivity, selectivity and specificity, which makes it particularly suitable for the analysis of trace amount of target analytes in hair. 2. Usually, screening for drugs of abuse is the first step in clinical and forensic toxicology. There are a large number of controlled substances and doping agents and novel compounds, which have yet to be characterised. A series of screening methods for drugs of abuse in hair were developed using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Using our own library of MRM transitions, the optimum collision energies selected for each transition and retention times were set up. These methods have been applied successfully in forensic casework. 3. Of growing importance to the field of hair analysis is the detection of metabolites related to the parent drugs. Demonstrating the presence of a metabolite of a drug (such as, heroin, amphetamines, cocaine, meperidine, ketamine, triazolam or psychotropic drugs) provides compelling evidence for exposure to the parent drug, and permits distinction between external contamination from ingestion and facilitation of the interpretation of results. The presence of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites in the hair of psychiatric patients was investigated using GC-MS-EI and GC-MS-PCI. The parent drug and its major metabolite, such as opiates (morphine, 6-acetylmorphine), methamphetamine (methamphetamine, amphetamine), ketamine (ketamine, norketamine), cocaine (cocaine, benzoecognine), meperidine (meperidine, normeperidine), triazolam (triazolam, [alpha]-hydroxytriazolam), and clonazepam (clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam) were quantified in authentic hair samples simultaneously. The differences were finding in the ratio of parent drug to metabolite. For illegal drugs, the concentrations of parent drugs were higher than that of their metabolites. The results of triazolam and clonazepam were contrary. These data are suitable reference values and are the basis for the interpretation of results. 4. The mechanisms by which drugs are incorporated into hair are not fully understood. Based on experiments with guinea pigs with black, white, or brown hair, the mechanisms of incorporation of cocaine, methamphetamine, ketamine, triazolam and anabolic steroids into hair were investigated. The concentrations of drugs in hair were found to be related to physicochemical properties of drugs. The parent drugs were the predominant analytes in hair. There was an obvious relationship between the concentration of drugs in hair and hair pigmentation. The concentrations of drugs deposited in black hair was found to be higher than that in brown and white hair samples, even when comparing results using hairs on the same multicoloured animal body. This work confirmed that melanin affinity is a governing factor in drug incorporation into hair shafts. These studies on the distribution of drugs in the hair shaft and how their concentration changes along the shaft provide information relevant to the time of ingestion and substance use/abuse. 5. In recent years an increase in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) has been reported. Segmental hair analysis has proved useful in widening the window of detection, as blood and urine analyses are of limited use, due to the long delays between the actual assaults and obtaining samples from suspects that are frequently encountered in investigations of such crimes. In China, benzodiazepines are the most frequently observed compounds in cases of drug-facilitated crime. In a paper reported here, 14 volunteers ingested a single 1-6 mg estazolam tablet to permit the evaluation of segmental hair analysis after a single drug dosage. Hair was collected one month after administration of the drug. All the proximal segments tested positive for estazolam. With increased dosage, estazolam could be detected in the 2-4 cm segments nearest the hair root in some subject's hair shafts. In some cases, the 4-6 cm segments also tested positive. Hair analysis was applied to samples from two authentic criminal cases. A significant variation was observed between those obtained from previous studies and the results presented here. The intersubject variability in segmental analysis can be explained mainly due to melanin content and diffusion from sweat or other secretions during formation of the hair shaft. However, more substantial procedural and interpretation guidelines are required to use segmental hair analysis in drug-facilitated crimes. On the other hand, the minimal dosage for detection, which is a critical but previously unknown threshold value of fundamental importance in hair analysis, was determined for triazolam and ketamine in guinea pig hair. 6. Doping with endogenous anabolic steroids is one of the most serious drug issues in sports today. The measurement of anabolic steroid levels in human hair permits the distinction between pharmaceutically produced steroids and naturally occurring steroids. Full-length hair samples were taken at the skin surface from the vertex of 39 males, 30 females and 11 children from China. None of the subjects were professional athletes. Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were detected in all the hair segments. The physiological concentrations of testosterone were in the range 0.8-24.2 pg mg-1, 0.1-16.8 pg mg-1 and 0.2-11.5 pg mg-1 in males, females and children, respectively. However, the mean values of dehydroepiandrosterone were much higher than those for testosterone. This is the first investigation into the physiological concentrations of anabolic steroids in human hair in Chinese subjects. These data provide suitable reference values and form the basis for the interpretation of results from investigations into the abuse of endogenous anabolic steroids. In conclusion, the work presented in this study demonstrates that there was a good correlation between the concentration of drugs in hair and drug dosage. There was an obvious relationship between hair drug concentration and hair colour. Melanin affinity is shown to be a governing factor in determining drug incorporation into hair, and the concentration of drugs deposited in black hair was found to be higher than that in brown and white hair samples. This thesis provides data that will be useful in the application of hair analysis regarding drugs of abuse and in the interpretation of toxicological results.

Download or read book Perspectives and Challenges of Hair Analysis written by Pascal Kintz and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polar Bears written by Andrew E. Derocher and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-03-08 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an introduction to the polar bear, discussing its evolution, physical characteristics, life cycle, predatory behavior, habitat, and the threats to its existence from global warming.

Download or read book Steroid Analysis written by Hugh L. J. Makin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-04 with total page 1240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this handbook concentrates on the analysis of steroids in biological fluids. It offers analysis of low levels of steroid analytes in biological fluids. This new edition also provides an extra chapter on pharmaceutical aspects of steroid analysis. Coverage details spectroscopic and other methods, including UV and IR absorption spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, chromatography and immunoassay of steroids.

Download or read book The Biology of Animal Stress written by Gary P. Moberg and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subjects of stress and animal welfare are currently attracting immense interest. This book brings together a range of perspectives from biomedical research (including human health and animal models of human stress) on stress and welfare, and assesses new approaches to conceptualising and alleviating stress.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing written by Mario Thevis and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enables you to detect, identify, and characterize hundreds of drugs that may be used by athletes Mass spectrometry has become essential to sports drug testing. This book examines both the principles of sports drug testing and the use of mass spectrometry techniques and mass spectral data to detect, identify, and characterize hundreds of known and unknown drugs that athletes may use to enhance their performance. The author provides a detailed overview of the mass spectrometry of numerous classes of therapeutics and agents, various analyzers to detect low- and high-molecular weight drugs, as well as techniques to discriminate between endogenously produced and synthetically derived compounds. Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing begins with a full chapter dedicated to the history of sports drug testing. Next, the book provides the principles and techniques needed to maximize the specificity and sensitivity of mass spectrometric assays, including: Detailed, step-by-step assays with sample preparation Discussion of both chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis Characterization of analytes in order to unequivocally identify banned substances Mass spectrometric behavior of low- and high-molecular weight analytes Throughout the book, descriptive examples illustrate the principles, advantages, and limitations of different assays. Mass Spectrometry in Sports Drug Testing not only sets forth the role mass spectrometry plays in detecting drug use among athletes, it also adds new insights into the health and ethical issues of doping in sports.

Download or read book Liquid Chromatography written by Salvatore Fanali and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Second Edition,is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their knowledge of the wide variety of applications in the field. In the years since the first edition was published, thousands of papers have been released on new achievements in liquid chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, improvement of instrumentation, development of theory, and new applications in biomedicine, metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, pharmaceuticals, and more. This second edition addresses these new developments with updated chapters from the most expert researchers in the field. - Emphasizes the integration of chromatographic methods and sample preparation - Explains how liquid chromatography is used in different industrial sectors - Covers the most interesting and valuable applications in different fields, e.g., proteomic, metabolomics, foodomics, pollutants and contaminants, and drug analysis (forensic, toxicological, pharmaceutical, biomedical) - Includes references and tables with commonly used data to facilitate research, practical work, comparison of results, and decision-making

Download or read book Handbook of LC MS Bioanalysis written by Wenkui Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consolidates the information LC-MS bioanalytical scientists need to analyze small molecules and macromolecules The field of bioanalysis has advanced rapidly, propelled by new approaches for developing bioanalytical methods, new liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques, and new mass spectrometric (MS) instruments. Moreover, there are a host of guidelines and regulations designed to ensure the quality of bioanalytical results. Presenting the best practices, experimental protocols, and the latest understanding of regulations, this book offers a comprehensive review of LC-MS bioanalysis of small molecules and macromolecules. It not only addresses the needs of bioanalytical scientists working on routine projects, but also explores advanced and emerging technologies such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and dried blood spot microsampling. Handbook of LC-MS Bioanalysis features contributions from an international team of leading bioanalytical scientists. Their contributions reflect a review of the latest findings, practices, and regulations as well as their own firsthand analytical laboratory experience. The book thoroughly examines: Fundamentals of LC-MS bioanalysis in drug discovery, drug development, and therapeutic drug monitoring The current understanding of regulations governing LC-MS bioanalysis Best practices and detailed technical instructions for LC-MS bioanalysis method development, validation, and stability assessment of analyte(s) of interest Experimental guidelines and protocols for quantitative LC-MS bioanalysis of challenging molecules, including pro-drugs, acyl glucuronides, N-oxides, reactive compounds, and photosensitive and autooxidative compounds With its focus on current bioanalytical practice, Handbook of LC-MS Bioanalysis enables bioanalytical scientists to develop and validate robust LC-MS assay methods, all in compliance with current regulations and standards.

Download or read book Doping Performance Enhancing Drugs and Hormones in Sport written by Anthony C. Hackney and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doping, Performance-Enhancing Drugs, and Hormones in Sport: Mechanisms of Action and Methods of Detection examines the biochemistry and bioanalytical aspects of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and other questionable procedures used by athletes to enhance performance. The book informs the specialist of emerging knowledge and techniques and allows the non-specialist to grasp the underlying science and current practice of the discipline. With clear and compelling language appropriate for a broad spectrum of readers, this book provides background on prevalence, types of agents, their actual or supposed benefits, and their negative effects on health. The technical aspects of detection are discussed, followed by a discussion of why detection is a problematic and still-evolving science. To facilitate comprehension, each chapter is organized in a uniform way with six sections: (1) standard medical uses, (2) why the drugs are used by athletes, (3) biological mechanism of action, (4) what research says about efficacy in improving performance, (5) major health side effects from use and abuse in sport, and 6) concluding key points. - Presents the scientific concepts of how performance enhancers work, how they are used, and how they are detected and masked from detection - Features language that is neither simplistic to scientists nor too sophisticated for a large, diverse global audience - Provides a short "close-up in each chapter to illustrate key topics that engage, entertain, and create a novel synthesis of thought

Download or read book Analysis of Antibiotic Drug Residues in Food Products of Animal Origin written by V.K. Agarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last three decades. use of antibiotics/drugs in animal husbandry programs has grown tremendously. Antibiotics/drugs are used therapeutically to cure diseases. and subtherapeutically to control the outbreak of diseases, improve feed efficiency and promote growth. The presence of antibiotic/drug residues in food products of animal origin. i.e •• meat, poultry and milk, can be a potential health hazard to consumers. Significant research is being done to develop new methods or to improve on existing methods to confirm and quantitatively determine the antibiotic/drug residues in meat, poultry and milk. This book covers recent development and application of various analytical techniques for the determination of antibiotic/drug residues in food products of animal origin. I thank the authors for their time and efforts in preparing the manuscripts and "all the reviewers for reviewing the manuscripts. I also thank to the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for sponsoring the symposium and Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA, Perkin Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT, Millipore Corporation, Milford, MA, and Kraft General Foods, Glenview, IL, for their generous financial support for the symposium. Vipin K. Agarwal New Haven, CT v CONTENTS Importance of Laboratory Validations and Accurate Descriptions of Analytical Procedures for Drug Residues in Foods ................. .

Download or read book Steroids in the Laboratory and Clinical Practice written by John William Honour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-08-02 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steroids in the Laboratory and Clinical Practice covers both basic chemistry and therapeutic application of steroids in a single source. The comprehensive reference addresses the specificity of steroid determinations to clarify confusion arising from the laboratory results. The book covers important advancements in the field and is a valuable addition in the literature addressing all existing knowledge gaps. This is a must have reference for pathologists, laboratorians, endocrinologists, analytical/clinical chemists and biochemists. - Addresses the normal production of steroids and concentrations found in biological fluids and tissues - Presents the changes in steroid concentrations at life events as reference points for clinical investigations - Reviews the genetic disorders of steroids in relation to specific enzyme changes and clinical presentation

Download or read book Analytical and Practical Aspects of Drug Testing in Hair written by Pascal Kintz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-30 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by well-known, international authors, this comprehensive reference provides practical coverage of the best hair drug testing techniques and examines the drugs themselves. The authors review all new developments, the validation of analytical procedures, and the interpretation of data. Some of the applications discussed include doping, drug-facilitated crime investigating, workplace testing, and the granting of drivers' licenses. The authors describe specific drugs, such as opiates, cocaine, and cannabis, and discuss the different testing methods of them. The book also covers postmortem toxicology, pitfalls created by passive exposure, and testing for metals, including inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS), hair multielemen

Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.

Download or read book Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC MS written by Naidong Weng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to offer a blueprint for overcoming the challenges to successfully quantifying biomarkers in living organisms The demand among scientists and clinicians for targeted quantitation experiments has experienced explosive growth in recent years. While there are a few books dedicated to bioanalysis and biomarkers in general, until now there were none devoted exclusively to addressing critical issues surrounding this area of intense research. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS provides a detailed blueprint for quantifying biomarkers in biological systems. It uses numerous real-world cases to exemplify key concepts, all of which were carefully selected and presented so as to allow the concepts they embody to be easily expanded to future applications, including new biomarker development. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS primarily focuses on the assay establishment for biomarker quantitation—a critical issue rarely treated in depth. It offers comprehensive coverage of three core areas of biomarker assay establishment: the relationship between the measured biomarkers and their intended usage; contemporary regulatory requirements for biomarker assays (a thorough understanding of which is essential to producing a successful and defendable submission); and the technical challenges of analyzing biomarkers produced inside a living organism or cell. Covers the theory of and applications for state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and chromatography and their applications in biomarker analysis Features real-life examples illustrating the challenges involved in target biomarker quantitation and the innovative approaches which have been used to overcome those challenges Addresses potential obstacles to obtain effective biomarker level and data interpretation, such as specificity establishment and sample collection Outlines a tiered approach and fit-for-purpose assay protocol for target biomarker quantitation Highlights the current state of the biomarker regulatory environment and protocol standards Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS is a valuable resource for bioanalytical scientists, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics scientists, clinical scientists, analytical chemists, and others for whom biomarker quantitation is an important tool of the trade. It also functions as an excellent text for graduate courses in pharmaceutical, biochemistry and chemistry.

Download or read book Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology written by Pascal Kintz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology is an essential reference for toxicologists working with, and researching, hair analysis. The text presents a review of the most up-to-date analytical methods in toxicological hair analysis, along with state-of-the-art developments in the areas of hair physiology, sampling, and pre-treatments, as well as discussions of fundamental issues, applications, and results interpretation. Topics addressed include the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol drinking by means of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the early detection of new psychoactive substances, including designer drugs, the development of novel approaches to screening tests based on mass spectrometry, and the detection of prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances from the analysis of newborn hair. - Unites an international team of leading experts to provide an update on the cutting-edge advances in the toxicological analysis of hair - Demonstrates toxicological techniques relating to a variety of scenarios and exposure types - Ideal resource for the further study of the psychoactive substances, drug-facilitated crimes, ecotoxicology, analytical toxicology, occupational toxicology, toxicity testing, and forensic toxicology - Includes detailed instructions for the collection, preparation, and handling of hair, and how to best interpret results

Download or read book Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. - Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps - Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process - Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner